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Validation of the Rockall scoring system for outcomes from non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a canadian setting

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第48期12卷 7779-7785页

作者： Robert A Enns Yves M Gagnon Alan N Barkun David Armstrong jamie c gregor Richard N Fedorak RUGBE Investigators Group Division of Gastroenterology University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Occam Research & consulting Inc. VancouverCanada Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology McGill University and the McGill UniversityHealth Center Montreal Canada Division of Gastroenterology McMaster University Medical Centre Hamilton Canada Division of Gastroenterology University of Western Ontario London Canada Division of Gastroenterology University of Alberta Edmonton Canada 不详

AIM: To validate the Rockall scoring system for predicting outcomes of rebleeding, and the need for a surgical procedure and death. METHODS: We used data extracted from the Registry of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Endoscopy including information of 1869 patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding treated in canadian hospitals. Risk scores were calculated and used to classify patients based on outcomes. For each outcome, we used χ2 goodness-of-fit tests to assess the degree of calibration, and built receiver operating characteristic curves and calculated the area under the curve (AUc) to evaluate the discriminative ability of the scoring system. RESULTS: For rebleeding, the χ2 goodness-of-fit test indicated an acceptable fit for the model [χ2 (8) = 12.83, P = 0.12]. For surgical procedures [χ2 (8) = 5.3, P = 0.73] and death [χ2 (8) = 3.78, P = 0.88], the tests showed solid correspondence between observed proportions and predicted probabilities. The AUc was 0.59 (95% cI: 0.55-0.62) for the outcome of rebleeding and 0.60 (95% cI: 0.54-0.67) for surgical procedures, representing apoor discriminative ability of the scoring system. For the outcome of death, the AUc was 0.73 (95% cI: 0.69-0.78), indicating an acceptable discriminative ability. cONcLUSION: The Rockall scoring system provides an acceptable tool to predict death, but performs poorly for endpoints of rebleeding and surgical procedures.

关键词： Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Nonvariceal Predictors Rockall Outcomes

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Probabilistic Assessment of Impact of Flexible Loads Under Network Tariffs in Low-voltage Distribution Networks

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and clean Energy 2021年第4期9卷 951-962页

作者： Donald Azuatalam Archie c.chapman gregor Verbic School of Electrical and Information Engineering The University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Given the historically static nature of low-voltage networks, distribution network companies do not possess the tools for dealing with an increasingly variable demand due to the high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs). Within this context, this paper proposes a probabilistic framework for tariff design that minimises the impact of DER on network performance, stabilises the revenue of network company, and improves the equity of network cost allocation. To deal with the lack of customers’ response, we also show how DER-specific tariffs can be complemented with an automated home energy management system (HEMS) that reduces peak demand while retaining the desired comfort level. The proposed framework comprises a nonparametric Bayesian model which statistically generates synthetic load and PV traces, a hot-water-use statistical model, a novel HEMS to schedule customers’ controllable devices, and a probabilistic power flow model. Test cases using both energy- and demand-based network tariffs show that flat tariffs with a peak demand component reduce the customers’ cost, and alleviate network constraints. This demonstrates, firstly, the efficacy of the proposed tool for the development of tariffs that are beneficial for the networks with a high penetration of DERs, and secondly, how customers’ HEM systems can be part of the solution.

关键词： Battery energy storage system demand-based tariff distributed energy resource(DER) home energy management system(HEMS) low-voltage network solar photovoltaic(PV) thermostatically controlled load

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Study of tree shrew biology and models: A booming and prosperous field for biomedical research

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 877-909页

作者： Yong-Gang Yao Li Lu Rong-Jun Ni Rui Bi ceshi chen Jia-Qi chen Eberhard Fuchs Marina Gorbatyuk Hao Lei Hongli Li chunyu Liu Long-Bao Lv Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara Michinori Kohara claudia Perez-cruz gregor Rainer Bao-ci Shan Fang Shen An-Zhou Tang Jing Wang Wei Xia Xueshan Xia Ling Xu Dandan Yu Feng Zhang Ping Zheng Yong-Tang Zheng Jumin Zhou Jiang-Ning Zhou Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease MechanismsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650204China National Research Facility for Phenotypic&Genetic Analysis of Model Animals(Primate Facility) and National Resource Center for Non-Human PrimatesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650107China KIZ-cUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in common Diseases Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650204China Kunming college of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650204China Mental Health center and Psychiatric Laboratory West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Sichuan clinical Medical Research center for Mental Disorders ChengduSichuan 610044China German Primate center Leibniz Institute of Primate ResearchGöttingen 37077Germany Department of Optometry and Vision Science School of OptometryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430071China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430074China Soong ching Ling Institute of Maternity and child Health International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200030China Transboundary Animal Diseases center Joint Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKagoshima UniversityKagoshima-cityKagoshima 890-8580Japan Department of Microbiology and cell Biology Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo 156-8506Japan Pharmacology Department CinvestavMexico City 07360Mexico Department of Medicine University of FribourgFribourg CH-1700Switzerland Beijing Engineering Research center of Radiog

The tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri)has long been proposed as a suitable alternative to non-human primates(NHPs)in biomedical and laboratory research due to its close evolutionary relationship with *** recent years,significant advances have facilitated tree shrew studies,including the determination of the tree shrew genome,genetic manipulation using spermatogonial stem cells,viral vector-mediated gene delivery,and mapping of the tree shrew brain ***,the limited availability of tree shrews globally remains a substantial challenge in the ***,determining the key questions best answered using tree shrews constitutes another *** shrew models have historically been used to study hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis c virus(HcV)infection,myopia,and psychosocial stress-induced depression,with more recent studies focusing on developing animal models for infectious and neurodegenerative *** these efforts,the impact of tree shrew models has not yet matched that of rodent or NHP models in biomedical *** review summarizes the prominent advancements in tree shrew research and reflects on the key biological questions addressed using this *** emphasize that intensive dedication and robust international collaboration are essential for achieving breakthroughs in tree shrew *** use of tree shrews as a unique resource is expected to gain considerable attention with the application of advanced techniques and the development of viable animal models,meeting the increasing demands of life science and biomedical research.

关键词： Tree shrew Animal model Neurodegenerative diseases Infectious diseases Neuroscience Phenome

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A causality-guided Statistical Approach for Modeling Extreme Mei-yu Rainfall Based on Known Large-scale Modes——A Pilot Study

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第11期39卷 1925-1940页

作者： Kelvin S.NG gregor c.LEcKEBUScH Kevin I.HODGES School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Department of Meteorology and NcAS University of ReadingReading RG66BBUnited Kingdom

Extreme Mei-yu rainfall(MYR)can cause catastrophic impacts to the economic development and societal welfare in *** significant improvements have been made in climate models,they often struggle to simulate local-to-regional extreme rainfall(e.g.,MYR).Yet,large-scale climate modes(LScMs)are relatively well represented in climate *** there exists a close relationship between MYR and various LScMs,it might be possible to develop causality-guided statistical models for MYR prediction based on *** statistical models could then be applied to climate model simulations to improve the representation of MYR in climate *** this pilot study,it is demonstrated that skillful causality-guided statistical models for MYR can be constructed based on known *** relevancy of the selected predictors for statistical models are found to be consistent with the *** importance of temporal resolution in constructing statistical models for MYR is also shown and is in good agreement with the *** results demonstrate the reliability of the causality-guided approach in studying complex circulation systems such as the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM).Some limitations and possible improvements of the current approach are *** application of the causality-guided approach opens up a new possibility to uncover the complex interactions in the EASM in future studies.

关键词： extreme rainfall Mei-yu front causality-guided approach large-scale climate modes

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Hazard Footprint-Based Normalization of Economic Losses from Tropical cyclones in china During 1983–2015

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第2期9卷 195-206页

作者： Wenfang chen Yi Lu Shao Sun Yihong Duan gregor c.Leckebusch State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science Shanghai Typhoon Institute of china Meteorological Administration National climate center China Meteorological Administration School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Birmingham

Loss normalization is the prerequisite for understanding the effects of socioeconomic development,vulnerability, and climate changes on the economic losses from tropical cyclones. In china, limited studies have been done on loss normalization methods of damages caused by tropical cyclones, and most of them have adopted an administrative division-based approach to define the exposure levels. In this study, a hazard footprint-based normalization method was proposed to improve the spatial resolution of affected areas and the associated exposures to influential tropical cyclones in china. The meteorological records of precipitation and near-surface wind speed were used to identify the hazard footprint of each influential tropical cyclone. Provincial-level and national-level(total)economic loss normalization(PLN and TLN) were carried out based on the respective hazard footprints, covering loss records between 1999–2015 and 1983–2015, *** factors—inflation, population, and wealth(GDP per capita)—were used to normalize the losses. A significant increasing trend was found in inflation-adjusted losses during 1983–2015, while no significant trend was found after normalization with the TLN method. The proposed hazard footprint-based method contributes to amore realistic estimation of the population and wealth affected by the influential tropical cyclones for the original year and the present scenario.

关键词： china Direct economic loss Loss normalization Tropical cyclones Typhoon disaster risk

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cumulative human impacts in the Bering Strait Region

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第8期3卷 1-14页

作者： jamie c.Afflerbach Dan Yocum Benjamin S.Halpern National center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA Department of Life Sciences Imperial College LondonAscotUK

Introduction:Human impacts on Arctic marine ecosystems are increasing in extent and intensity as sea ice shrinks and utilization of marine resources *** effects of climate change are being felt across the arctic while stressors such as commercial fishing and shipping continue to grow as the Arctic becomes more *** these emerging changes,there is need for an assessment of the current cumulative impact of human activities to better anticipate and manage for a changing *** human impacts(cHI)assessments have been widely applied around the world in a variety of ecosystem types but have yet to incorporate temporal dynamics of individual *** dynamics are funda-mental to Arctic ***:Here,we present the first cHI assessment of an Arctic ecosystem to incorporate sea ice as a habitat and assess impact seasonality,using the Bering Strait Region(BSR)as a case *** find that cumulative impacts differ seasonally,with lower impacts in winter and higher impacts in summer *** portions of the BSR have significantly different impacts within each season when compared to a mean annual cumulative impact *** impacts also have great spatial variability,with Russian waters between 2.38 and 3.63 times as impacted as US ***:This assessment of seasonal and spatial cumulative impacts provides an under-standing of the current reality in the BSR and can be used to support development and evaluation of future management scenarios that address expected impacts from climate change and increasing interest in the Arctic.

关键词： Arctic marine ecosystems cumulative human impacts Bering Strait sea ice limate change

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Sagittal crest morphology decoupled from relative bite performance in Pleistocene tapirs(Perissodactyla:Tapiridae)

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 254-277页

作者： Lisa VAN LINDEN Kim STOOPS Larissa c.c.S.DUMBÁ Mario A.cOZZUOL jamie A.MAcLAREN Functional Morphology Lab Department of BiologyCampus Drie EikenUniversiteit AntwerpenAntwerpenBelgium Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas GeraisBrazil Evolution and Diversity Dynamics Lab Department of GeologyUniversitéde LiègeQuartier AgoraLiègeBelgium

Bite force is often associated with speciﬁc morphological features,such as sagittal *** presence of a pro-nounced sagittal crest in some tapirs(Perissodactyla:Tapiridae)was recently shown to be negatively correlated with hard-object feeding,in contrast with similar cranial structures in *** aim of this study was to investi-gate bite forces and sagittal crest heights across a wide range of modern and extinct tapirs and apply a comparative investigation to establish whether these features are correlated across a broad phylogenetic *** examined a sample of 71 specimens representing 15 tapir species(5 extant,10 extinct)using the dry-skull method,linear measurements of cranial features,phylogenetic reconstruction,and comparative *** were found to ex-hibit variation in bite force and sagittal crest height across their phylogeny and between different biogeographical realms,with high-crested morphologies occurring mostly in Neotropical *** highest bite forces within tapirs appear to be driven by estimates for the masseter–pterygoid muscle complex,rather than predicted forces for the temporalis *** results demonstrate that relative sagittal crest height is poorly correlated with relative cranial bite force,suggesting high force application is not a driver for pronounced sagittal crests in this *** divergent biomechanical capabilities of different contemporaneous tapirids may have allowed multiple species to occupy overlapping territories and partition resources to avoid excess *** forces in tapirs peak in Pleistocene species,independent of body size,suggesting possible dietary shifts as a potential result of climatic changes during this epoch.

关键词： biogeography dry-skull method herbivory mastication niche partitioning Pleistocene

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clostridium diffi cile associated infection,diarrhea and colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第13期15卷 1554-1580页

作者： Perry Hookman jamie S Barkin University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Mount Sinai Medical Center

A new, hypervirulent strain of clostridium difficile, called NAP1/BI/027, has been implicated in c. difficile outbreaks associated with increased morbidity and mortality since the early 2000s. The epidemic strain is resistant to fluoroquinolones in vitro, which was infrequent prior to 2001. The name of this strain reflects its characteristics, demonstrated by different typing methods： pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （NAP1）, restriction endonuclease analysis （BI） and polymerase chain reaction （027）. In 2004 and 2005, the US centers for Disease control and Prevention （cDc） emphasized that the risk of c. difficile-associated diarrhea （cDAD） is increased, not only by the usual factors, including antibiotic exposure, but also gastrointestinal surgery/manipulation, prolonged length of stay in a healthcare setting, serious underlying illness, immune-compromising conditions, and aging. Patients on proton pump inhibitors （PPIs） have an elevated risk, as do peripartum women and heart transplant recipients. Before 2002, toxic megacolon in c. dif/icile-associated colitis （cDAc）, was rare, but its incidence has increased dramatically. Up to two- thirds of hospitalized patients may be infected with c. difficile. Asymptomatic carriers admitted to healthcare facilities can transmit the organism to other susceptible patients, thereby becoming vectors. Fulminant colitis is reported more frequently during outbreaks of c. difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. c. diff/cile infection with IBD carries a higher mortality than without underlying IBD. This article reviews the latest information on c. difficile infection, including presentation, vulnerable hosts and choice of antibiotics, alternative therapies, and probiotics and immunotherapy. We review contact precautions for patients with known or suspected c. difficile- associated disease. Healthcare institutions require accurate and rapid diagnosis for early detection of possible outbreaks, to initiate s

关键词： clostridium difficile colitis Diarrhea Gastroenterology Nosocomial infection Iatrogenicinfection

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Riverine microplastics and their interaction with freshwater fish

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Water Biology and Security 2023年第4期2卷 1-19页

作者： Badiozaman Sulaiman jamie c.Woodward Holly A.Shiels Department of Geography The University of ManchesterManchesterUK Division of cardiovascular Sciences Faculty of BiologyMedicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK Faculty of Resource Science&Technology Universiti Malaysia SarawakKota SamarahanSarawakMalaysia

This paper outlines the nature of microplastic contamination in rivers and the risks to freshwater *** discuss how input sources influence the concentration and composition of microplastics and examine factors that subsequently influence their spatiotemporal dynamics in a river *** then discuss how the distributions and assemblages of microplastics can impact the risk of interactions with fishes,and the processes associated with the internalisation of microplastic into the body and across the organs and ***,we examine the physical and toxicological effects of microplastic exposure in fish species,with special attention directed towards impacts at environmentally relevant *** review integrates expertise in fluvial geomorphological processes and how they influence the movement and storage of microplastics in river channel environments at a range of *** combine this knowledge with expertise in fish ecology and biology to set out a new and integrated analysis of microplastic dynamics in rivers and how these microplastics interact with *** integration of knowledge from these fields allows us also to comment upon the microplastic risk to fish and other biota in river environments.

关键词： Microplastics Rivers Fish Fluvial processes Bioaccumulation Biota Exposure

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Prediction of crohn's disease aggression through NOD2/cARD15 gene sequencing in an Australian cohort

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第17期20卷 5008-5016页

作者： Maneesha Bhullar Finlay Macrae gregor Brown Margie Smith Ken Sharpe Department of colorectal Medicine and Genetics 3 CentreThe Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville 3052Australia Department of Molecular Genetics CMR Room 204PathologyThe Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville 3052Australia Department of Statistics University of MelbourneParkville 3050Australia

AIM: To investigate the association between mutations in oligomerisation domain 2/caspase recruitment domains 15 (NOD2/cARD15) and the natural history of crohn’s disease (cD) to identify patients who would benefit fr... 详细信息

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease, Oligomerisation domain 2/caspase recruitment domains 15, Genotyping, crohn’ s disease, Natural history

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