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Is activation of GDNF/r.T signaling the answer.for.successful tr.atment of Par.inson's disease?A discussion of data fr.m the cultur. dish to the clinic

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2022年第7期17卷 1462-1467页

作者： james A.Conway Edgar.r.Kr.mer Institute of Tr.nslational and Str.tified Medicine Peninsula Medical SchoolFaculty of HealthUniversity of PlymouthDevonUK

The neur.tr.phic signaling of glial cell line-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.GDNF)with its canonical r.ceptor.the r.ceptor.tyr.sine kinase r.T,coupled together.with the GDNF family r.ceptor.alpha 1 is impor.ant for.dopaminer.ic neur.n sur.ival and physiology in cell cultur. exper.ments and animal *** pr.mpted the idea to tr. GDNF/r.T signaling as a ther.peutic appr.ach to tr.at Par.inson’s disease with the hallmar. of dopaminer.ic cell death in the substantia nigr. of the *** sever.l clinical tr.als with GDNF in Par.inson’s disease patients,which mainly focused on optimizing the GDNF deliver. technique,benefits wer. only seen in a few *** gener.l,the endpoints did not show significant *** suggests that it will be helpful to lear. mor. about the basic biology of this fascinating but complicated GDNF/r.T signaling system in the dopaminer.ic midbr.in and about r.cent developments in the field to facilitate its use in the *** we will r.fer.to the latest publications and point out impor.ant open questions in the field.

关键词： α-synuclein clinical tr.als dopaminer.ic neur.ns glial cell line-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor GFr.1 gut-br.in axis Nedd4 Par.in Par.inson’s disease r.T

Effect of wall r.ughener. on cr.ss-sectional flow char.cter.stics for.non-spher.cal par.icles in a hor.zontal r.tating cylinder

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Par.icuology 2014年第1期12卷 44-53页

作者： Guang Lu james r.Thir. Chr.stoph r.Müller ETH Zür.ch Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering Institute of Energy Technology Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering8092 Zürich Switzerland

Discr.te-element-method （DEM） simulations have been per.or.ed to investigate the cr.ss-sectional flow of non-spher.cal par.icles in hor.zontal r.tating cylinder. with and without wall r.ughener.. The non-spher.cal par.icles wer. modeled using the thr.e-dimensional super.quadr.c equation. The influence of wall r.ughener. on flow behavior.of gr.ins was studied for.incr.asing par.icle blockiness. Mor.over. for.appr.ximately cubic par.icles （squar.ness par.meter. [555]）, the r.tational speed, gr.vitational acceler.tion and par.icle size wer. alter.d to investigate the effect of wall r.ughener. under.a r.nge of oper.ting conditions. For.spher.cal and near.spher.cal par.icles （appr.ximately up to the squar.ness par.meter. [344]）, wall r.ughener. ar. necessar. to pr.vent slippage of the bed against the cylinder.wall. For.highly cubic par.icle geometr.es （squar.ness par.meter. lar.er.than [3441）, wall r.ughener. r.sulted in a counter.intuitive decr.ase in the angle of r.pose of the bed. In addition, wall r.ughener. employed in this study wer. demonstr.ted to have a higher.impact on bed dynamics at higher.r.tational speeds and lower.gr.vitational acceler.tions. Never.heless, using wall r.ughener. had a compar.tively small influence on par.icle-flow char.cter.stics for.a bed composed of finer.gr.ins.

关键词： Gr.nular.flowNon-spher.cal par.iclesr.tating cylinder.iscr.te element method (DEM)Kiln

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Facts and fear.

Facts and fears

r.thinking Bank r.gulation : Till Angels Gover.

作者： james r. Clapper.with Tr.y Br.wn.

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Rethinking Bank Regulation : Till Angels Govern

Char.cter.zation of coal using electr.n spin r.sonance： implications for.the for.ation of iner.inite macer.ls in the Witbank Coalfield, South Afr.ca

2006年

作者： Bar.h, james r. Capr.o, Ger.r. Levine, r.ss

ISBN: (纸本)9780521855761;9780511137600

This volume assembles and pr.sents a database on bank r.gulation in over.150 countr.es (included also on CD). It offer.d the fir.t compr.hensive cr.ss-countr. assessment of the impact of bank r.gulation on the oper.tion of banks, and assesses the validity of the Basel Committee''s influential appr.ach to bank r.gulation. The tr.atment also pr.vides an empir.cal evaluation of the histor.c debate about the pr.per.r.le of gover.ment in the economy by studying bank r.gulation and analyzes the r.le of politics in deter.ining r.gulator. appr.aches to banking. The data also indicate that r.str.ctions on the entr. of banks, gover.ment owner.hip of banks, and r.str.ctions on bank activities hur. banking system per.or.ance. The author. find that domestic political factor. shape both r.gulations and their.effectiveness.

关键词： Banking law Banks and banking--State super.ision Banks and banking--Gover.ment policy

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Coal Science & Technology 2018年第3期5卷 385-398页

作者： Ofentse M. Mor.eng Jonathan M. Kear.land r. james r.ber.s Nicola J. Wagner Depar.ment of Geology University of JohannesburgP.O. Box 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa Depar.ment of Geology University of Pretoria Mineral Sciences Building Pretoria 0002 South Africa School of Physics and Mater.als Physics Institute University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg 2050 South Africa

Coal contains a significant concentr.tion of fr.e r.dicals as a r.sult of the coalification pr.cess. One of the exper.mental methods sensitive to the pr.sence of r.dicals is electr.n spin r.sonance （ESr., and differ.nces in ESr.spectr. for.differ.nt macer.ls may pr.vide insight into coal-for.ing pr.cesses. In this study, ESr.data along with the H/C atomic r.tio （to infer.the ar.matic fr.ction） ar. used to char.cter.ze coal samples with the aim of assessing a fir.-or.gin for.dominant iner.inite macer.ls. A medium r.nk C bituminous Witbank No. 4 Seam Upper.coal （the par.nt） was density- fr.ctionated to cr.ate vitr.nite-r.ch and iner.inite-r.ch samples. The par.nt sample consists of 42 vol% vitr.nite and 49 vol% iner.inite. The density-fr.ctionated samples compr.se of 81 vol% total vitr.nite （dominated by collotelinite and collodetr.nite）, and 63 vol% total iner.inite （dominated by fusinite, semifusinite, and iner.odetr.nite）. The H/C r.tio is 0.74 for.the iner.inite-r.ch sample, and 0.85 for.the vitr.nite-r.ch counter.ar., suggesting the for.er.sample is mor. ar.matic. The ESr.spectr. obtained for.the thr.e samples wer. found to fit best using a Lor.ntzian distr.bution. The fit is noticeably better.for.the ar.matic iner.inite-r.ch sample, for.which the spectr.m is symmetr.c. This is attr.buted to pr.nounced electr.n mobility and exchange inter.ctions. The higher.r.dical content of the iner.inite-r.ch and par.nt samples is attr.buted to the pr.sence of specific iner.inite macer.ls, namely： fusinite, semifusinite, and iner.odetr.nite. And, owing to the gr.ater.r.dical content of the iner.inite-r.ch sample, the dominant iner.inite macer.ls ar. inter.r.ted to have for.ed thr.ugh char.ing of plant matter.

关键词： Main Kar.o Basin r.dical contents Or.gin pathways Char.ing Fusinite Semifusinite

The Effability of Semantic r.lations:Descr.bing Attitude

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外国语 2020年第6期43卷 2-20页

作者： james r.Mar.in Depar.ment of Linguistics University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006AustraliaMartin Centre for Appliable LinguisticsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

This paper.explor.s some aspects of the pr.blem of developing ter.inology for.attitudinal r.lations in English,as par. of a descr.ption of evaluation infor.ed by systemic functional linguistics(SFL)-*** r.views the r.lational theor. of meaning under.inning the descr.ption and key dimensions of the Systemic Functional Linguistic theor. fr.m which the descr.ption is *** issues in the selection of ter.s and pr.sentation of APPr.ISAL systems ar. then discussed,and suggestions canvassed for.possible *** paper.highlights the possibilities and challenges involved in naming and pr.senting semantic r.lations in descr.ptions using SFL as their.infor.ing theor..

关键词： appr.isal attitude ineffability ter.inology valeur axis

Hospital r.admissions in decompensated cir.hotics: Factor. pointing towar. a pr.vention str.tegy

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.enter.logy 2017年第37期23卷 6868-6876页

作者： Siamak M Ser.j Emily J campbell Sar.h K Ar.yr.poulos Kar. Weger.ann r.ymond T Chung james M r.chter Massachusetts Gener.l Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Duke Univer.ity Hospital Department of Medicine Har.ar. Medical School

AIM To r.duce r.admissions and impr.ve patient outcomes in cir.hotic patients thr.ugh better.under.tanding of r.admission *** We per.or.ed a single-center.r.tr.spective study of patients admitted with decompensated cir.hosis fr.m Januar. 1, 2011 to December.31, 2013(n = 222). Pr.mar. outcomes wer. time to fir.t r.admission and 30-d r.admission r.te due to complications of cir.hosis. Clinical and demogr.phic data wer. collected to help descr.be pr.dictor. of r.admission, along with car. coor.ination measur.s such as post-dischar.e status and outpatient follow-up. Univar.ate and multivar.ateanalyses wer. per.or.ed to descr.be var.ables associated with *** One hundr.d thir.y-two patients(59.4%) wer. r.admitted at least once dur.ng the study per.od. Median time to fir.t and second r.admissions wer. 54 and 93 d, r.spectively. Thir.y and 90-d r.admission r.tes wer. 20.7 and 30.1 per.ent, r.spectively. Pr.dictor. of 30-d r.admission included education level, hepatic encephalopathy at index, ALT mor. than upper.nor.al limit and Medicar. cover.ge. Ther. wer. no statistically significant differ.nces in r.admission r.tes when str.tified by dischar.e disposition, outpatient follow-up pr.vider.or.time to fir.t outpatient *** r.admissions ar. challenging aspect of car. for.cir.hotic patients and r.sk continues beyond 30 d. Mor. initiatives ar. needed to develop enhanced, longitudinal post-dischar.e systems.

关键词： Chr.nic disease r.-hospitalizations Liver.disease r.admissions Cir.hosis Chr.nic car.

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避世之所加拿大亚瑟住宅

室内设计与装修 2025年第1期 46-49页

作者：无 james Br.ttain(摄影) coco(编译) 5468796 Ar.hitectur. 不详

亚瑟住宅是为一对来自南非的夫妇设计的,他们一位是热衷园艺的木匠,另一位是急诊室医生。夫妇俩一直在寻找一个适中的“避难所”,与外界隔绝,并且有足够的空间来保护隐私。住宅所在的小区是一个成熟社区,原有的小平房正迅速被传统住宅... 详细信息

亚瑟住宅是为一对来自南非的夫妇设计的,他们一位是热衷园艺的木匠,另一位是急诊室医生。夫妇俩一直在寻找一个适中的“避难所”,与外界隔绝,并且有足够的空间来保护隐私。住宅所在的小区是一个成熟社区,原有的小平房正迅速被传统住宅取代。与此相反,亚瑟夫妇希望用一种深思熟虑的替代方案来挑战这种发展模式。

关键词：传统住宅替代方案保护隐私避难所亚瑟园艺小区加拿大

Biomater.als for.r.fr.ctive cor.ection:cor.eal onlays and inlays

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Science China Chemistr. 2014年第4期57卷 501-509页

作者： WU Jian FUNDEr.Ur.H james L WAGNEr.William r McGowan Institute for.r.gener.tive Medicine University of Pittsburgh Depar.ment of Sur.er. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Depar.ment of Ophthalmology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Depar.ment of Bioengineer.ng University of Pittsburgh

Cor.eal inlays and onlays r.pr.sent a means of pr.viding patients with per.anent r.fr.ctive er.or.cor.ection. As an alter.ative to conventional spectacles and contact lens, these techniques ar. less invasive compar.d with laser.based r.fr.ctive sur.er. and ar. r.ver.ible. In this r.view, we pr.vide a br.ef over.iew of the anatomic micr.str.ctur. of the human cor.ea, indicating the pr.mar. physiological function for.each component. Next, the wide r.nge of biomater.als used as cor.eal inlays and onlays ar. consider.d, fr.m synthetic polymer. to biological components der.ved fr.m the extr.cellular.matr.x. The limitations and challenges associated with the most common mater.als ar. discussed as is the need to impr.ve their.pr.per.ies to achieve long-ter., complication-fr.e intr.ocular.implantation. Finally, the pr.spect of applying tissue engineer.ng str.tegies is noted for.its potential to gener.te autologous cor.eal tissue that could be implanted as the optimal inlay or.onlay mater.als.

关键词： r.fr.ctive er.or onlays inlays synthetic polymer biological extr.cellular.matr.x r.fr.ctive sur.er.