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Advances in Biological Chemistr. 2013年第3期3卷 36-43页

作者： james r. paulson Er.ca r. Vander.Mause Depar.ment of Chemistr. University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh Oshkosh USA

It is shown her. that one can induce pr.matur.ly condensed chr.mosomes (PCCs) in G1-phase human (HeLa) and mouse (FT210) cells by tr.ating them with the pr.tein phosphatase inhibitor.calyculin A. However. histone H1 is not phosphor.lated in these G1-PCCs. It has pr.viously been pr.posed that histone H1 phosphor.lation is r.sponsible for.mitotic chr.mosome condensation, but our.r.sults suggest that this is not the case. They indicate instead that phosphor.lation of histone H1 is not r.quir.d for.chr.mosome condensation. It is known that the Cdk1 pr.tein kinase, which tr.gger. mitosis and also phosphor.lates histone H1, cannot be activated in G1-phase because mitotic cyclins ar. not pr.sent. Since calyculin A induces PCCs in G1-phase in the absence of active Cdk1, our.r.sults suggest that inactivation of pr.tein phosphatases may be just as impor.ant for.the onset of chr.mosome condensation and other.mitotic events as the activation of pr.tein kinases.

关键词： Mitosis Chr.mosome Condensation Histones Pr.tein Phosphatases

Moder.te Hyper.her.ia Induces Apoptosis in Metaphase-Ar.ested Cells But Not in Inter.hase Hela Cells

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Advances in Biological Chemistr. 2016年第3期6卷 126-139页

作者： james r. paulson Agnes Kecskeméti Kr.sch Peter.W. Mesner Depar.ment of Chemistr. University of Wisconsin Oshkosh WI USA Pr.vea St. Mar.’s Health Center Green Bay WI USA Depar.ment of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin Whitewater WI USA

Metaphase-ar.est agents and hyper.her.ia ar. both known to be capable of inducing apoptosis, and they have been used, separ.tely, in cancer.tr.atments. Her., we have examined whether.the two tr.atments together.may have a syner.istic effect. We find that when H-HeLa cells ar. ar.ested in metaphase with spindle poisons (nocodazole or.paclitaxel) and then subjected to mild heat tr.atment (41.5℃), they exhibit mor.hological changes typical of apoptosis within thr.e hour.. Mor.over. those changes ar. blocked by the pan-caspase inhibitor.zVAD-fmk, indicating apoptosis, and activated Pr.caspase 3 is detected by immunoblotting and by staining with the fluor.sce-in-labelled caspase inhibitor.FAM-VAD-fmk. Inter.hase cells tr.ated in the same way do not under.go apoptosis, even with spindle poisons pr.sent. Induction of apoptosis is mor. r.pid when the cells have been ar.ested longer.in metaphase, suggesting that accumulation or.depletion of some cellular.component(s) dur.ng metaphase-ar.est may make them mor. susceptible to hyper.her.ia. Fur.her.wor. is in pr.gr.ss to test whether.other.cell lines exhibit the same behavior.and to lear. mor. about the mechanism. The phenomenon is of inter.st because it may pr.vide clues to how hyper.her.ia induces cell death and may yield novel ther.peutic appr.aches to block or.stimulate apoptosis.

关键词： Apoptosis Caspase Heat Tr.atment H-Hela Hyper.her.ia Metaphase-Ar.est Mitosis Nocodazole Paclitaxel zVAD-fmk

Antenatal physical activity counseling among healthcar. pr.vider.

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Open Jour.al of Obstetr.cs and Gynecology 2012年第4期2卷 346-355页

作者： Jenn Leifer.an Mar.ar.t Gutilla james paulson Jim Pivar.ik Color.do School of Public Health Department of Community and Behavioral Health Aurora USA Color.do School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology Aurora USA Michigan State Univer.ity East Lansing USA Old Dominion Univer.ity Norfolk USA

Objective: Pr.gnant women often r.por. a lack of knowledge concer.ing the safety of exer.ising dur.ng pr.gnancy. Healthcar. pr.vider. play an integr.l r.le in pr.viding pr.gnant women with the necessar. knowledge to pr.mote antenatal physical activity. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess healthcar. pr.vider.’ beliefs, attitudes, knowledge and pr.ctices r.lated to antenatal physical activity counseling. Study Design: 188 Pr.vider. (i.e. obstetr.cians, midwives, and family medicine physicians) completed a 39 closed-item sur.ey. Char.cter.stics among healthcar. pr.vider.’ physical activity counseling pr.ctices as well as belief, attitudes and knowledge wer. explor.d. r.sults: The major.ty of all pr.vider. agr.ed that physical activity dur.ng pr.gnancy will r.sult in numer.us impr.ved health outcomes for.mother.and baby. Appr.ximately half of the pr.vider. (48%, n = 89) wer. not familiar.with the cur.ent national guides r.commending that women fr.e of obstetr.c complications should engage in at least 150 minutes of exer.ise per.week. Only 43% of pr.vider. believed their.patients followed the advice they ar. given about physical activity. Over.half of the pr.vider. r.por.ed that they pr.vide in-office physical activity counseling, and FMs pr.vide individualized counseling less often than OBs and CNMs (i.e. 33%, 60%, and 65%, r.spectively;p = 0.0014). Impor.antly, 17% (n = 31) of pr.vider. r.por.ed that they never.r.ceived pr.fessional tr.ining in antenatal physical activity counseling and of those that did r.ceive tr.ining, 69% (n = 107) claimed their.tr.ining was “fair. or.“poor.. Conclusion: Findings fr.m the pr.- sent study demonstr.te a need for.fur.her.continuing education oppor.unities on the cur.ent national guide- lines on antenatal physical activity.

关键词： Exer.ise Pr.gnancy Physical Activity Pr.mar. Car.

Chemically-Defined Natur.l N-Glycan Scaffold Efficiently Deliver. Toxins to B-Lymphoma Cells

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Chemically-Defined Natural N-Glycan Scaffold Efficiently Del...

Hypoxia-inducing cr.ogels uncover.key cancer.immune cell inter.ctions in an oxygen-deficient tumor.micr.envir.nment

第二届糖合成化学青年学术研讨会

作者：彭文杰 james C paulson Depar.ments of Molecular.Medicine and Depar.ment of Immunology ＆ Micr.biology The Scr.pps r.sear.h Institute

＜正＞CD22 is a sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin（Siglec）that is highly expr.ssed on B-cell lymphomas,and is a validated tar.et for.antibody and nanopar.icle based ther.peutics;However.such cell tar.eted ther.peutics ar. limited by their.complexity,heter.geneity and difficulties in *** descr.be her. a chemically-defined natur.l N-linked glycan scaffold for.pr.senting multiple high affinity

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Bioactive Mater.als 2023年第11期29卷 279-295页

作者： Thibault Colombani Zachar. Jr.ger. Khushbu Bhatt james Sinoimer. Laur.n Ger.er.ux Mohammad Hamr.ngsekachaee Sidi ABencher.f Depar.ment of Chemical Engineer.ng Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115United States Depar.ment of Phar.aceutical Sciences Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUnited States Depar.ment of Bioengineer.ng Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115United States Har.ar. John A.paulson School of Engineer.ng and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138United States Biomechanics and Bioengineer.ng(BMBI) UTC CNRS UMR 7338University of Technology of Compi`egneSorbonne University60203 Compi`egneFrance

Hypoxia is a major.factor.shaping the immune landscape,and sever.l cancer.models have been developed to emulate hypoxic ***,to date,they still have sever.l limitations,such as the lack of r.pr.ducibility,inadequate biophysical cues,limited immune cell infiltr.tion,and poor.oxygen(O_(2))contr.l,leading to non-pathophysiological tumor.***,it is essential to develop better.cancer.models that mimic key featur.s of the tumor.extr.cellular.matr.x and r.cr.ate tumor.associated hypoxia while allowing cell infiltr.tion and cancer.immune cell ***,hypoxia-inducing cr.ogels(HICs)have been engineer.d using hyalur.nic acid(HA)to fabr.cate thr.e-dimensional micr.tissues and model a hypoxic tumor.***,tumor.cell-laden HICs have been designed to deplete O_(2) locally and induce long-standing *** pr.moted changes in hypoxia-r.sponsive gene expr.ssion and phenotype,a metabolic adaptation to anaer.bic glycolysis,and chemother.py ***,HIC-suppor.ed tumor.models induced dendr.tic cell(DC)inhibition,r.vealing a phenotypic change in the plasmacytoid DC(pDC)subset and an impair.d conventional DC(cDC)r.sponse in ***,our.HIC-based melanoma model induced CD8^(+)T cell inhibition,a condition associated with the downr.gulation of pr.-inflammator. cytokine secr.tion,incr.ased expr.ssion of immunomodulator. factor.,and decr.ased degr.nulation and cytotoxic capacity of T ***,these data suggest that HICs can be used as a tool to model solid-like tumor.micr.envir.nments and has gr.at potential to deepen our.under.tanding of cancer.immune cell r.lationship in low O_(2) conditions and may pave the way for.developing mor. effective ther.pies.

关键词： Cr.ogels Hypoxia Cancer Immunosuppr.ssion Dr.g r.sistance