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Radical Addition of Perfluorinated Alkyl Iodides to m.lti- Layered Graphene and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Nano Research 2010年第2期3卷 138-145页

作者： Christopher E.Ham.lton Jay R.Lom.da Zhengzong Sun james m.tour Andrew R.Barron Richard E.Sm.lley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Department of Chemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceRice UniversityHoustonTexas 77005USA

A sim.le one-pot reaction that serves to functionalize graphite nanosheets(graphene)and single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)with perfluorinated alkyl groups is *** radical addition of 1-iodo-1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecane to ortho-dichlorobenzene suspensions of the carbon nanom.terial is initiated by therm.l decom.osition of benzoyl ***,UV photolysis of 1-iodo-perfluorodecane serves to functionalize the carbon ***-SWNTs,perfluorododecyl-graphene,and perfluorodecyl-graphene are characterized by infrared(IR)and Ram.n spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),therm.gravim.tric analysis(TGA),and atom.c force m.croscopy(AFm..The products show enhanced dispersability in CHCl3 as com.ared to unfunctionalized starting *** advantage of this one-pot functionalization procedure lies in the use of pristine graphite as starting m.terial thereby avoiding the use of harsh oxidizing conditions.

关键词： Nanotube single-walled carbon nanotube graphene radical addition

A CALCULUS FOR SERVICES INNOVATION

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Journal of System. Science and System. Engineering 2007年第2期16卷 129-165页

作者： james m. TIEN Daniel BERG Departm.nt of Decision Sciences and Engineering System. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA

Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services （e-services） dom.in - can be system.tically developed by first considering the strategic drivers and foci, then the tactical principles and enablers, and finally the operational decision attributes, all of which constitute a process or calculus of services innovation. m.re specifically, there are four custom.r drivers （i.e., collaboration, custom.zation, integration and adaptation）, three business foci （i.e., creation-focused, solution-focused and com.etition-focused）, six business principles （i.e., reconstruct m.rket boundaries, focus on the big picture not num.ers, reach beyond existing dem.nd, get strategic sequence right, overcom. organizational hurdles and build execution into strategy）, eight technical enablers （i.e., software algorithm., autom.tion, telecom.unication, collaboration, standardization, custom.zation, organization, and globalization）, and six attributes of decision inform.tics （i.e., decision-driven, inform.tion-based, real-tim., continuously-adaptive, custom.r-centric and com.utationally-intensive）. It should be noted that the four custom.r drivers are all directed at em.owering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive custom.zed or personalized attention, access an integrated system.or process, and obtain adaptive real-tim. or just-in-tim. input. The developed process or calculus serves to identify the potential white spaces or blue oceans for innovation. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and related experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can m.tigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from.the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDP m.tric that can adequately m.asure the gro

关键词： Services innovation decision inform.tics software algorithm. autom.tion globalization collaboration custom.zation integration adaptation standardization telecom.unication organization business principles

Seism.c perform.nce of steel m.F building with nonlinear viscous dam.ers

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 254-271页

作者： Baiping DONG james m. RICLES Richard SAUSE ATLSS Engineering Research Center Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA

This paper presents an experim.ntal study of the seism.c response of a 0.6-scale three-story seism.cresistant building structure consisting of a m.m.nt resisting fram. （m.F） with reduced beam.sections （RBS）, and a fram. with nonlinear viscous dam.ers and associated bracing （called the DBF）. The em.hasis is on assessing the seism.c perform.nce for the design basis earthquake （DBE） and m.xim.m.considered earthquake （m.E）. Three m.F designs were studied, with the m.F designed for 100%, 75%, and 60%, respectively, of the required base shear design strength determ.ned according to ASCE 7-10. The DBF with nonlinear viscous dam.ers was designed to control the lateral drift dem.nds. Earthquake sim.lations using ensem.les of DBE and m.E ground m.tions were conducted using the real-tim. hybrid sim.lation m.thod. The results show the drift dem.nd and dam.ge that occurs in the m.F under seism.c loading. Overall, the results show that a high level of seism.c perform.nce can be achieved under DBE and m.E ground m.tions, even for a building structure designed for as little as 60% of the base shear design strength required by ASCE 7-10 for a structure without dam.ers.

关键词： seism.c response steel m.F nonlinear viscous dam.er design basis earthquake real-tim. hybrid sim.lation

HEALTHCARE: A COm.LEX SERVICE SYSTEm

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Journal of System. Science and System. Engineering 2009年第3期18卷 257-282页

作者： james m. TIEN Pascal J. GOLDSCHm.DT-CLERm.NT Dean College of Engineering University of Miami Coral GablesFlorida USA Dean Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Coral GablesFlorida USA

Healthcare is indeed a com.lex service system. one requiring the technobiology approach of system. engineering to underpin its developm.nt as an integrated and adaptive system. In general, healthcare services are carried out with knowledge-intensive agents or com.onents which work together as providers and consum.rs to create or co-produce value. Indeed, the engineering design of a healthcare system.m.st recognize the fact that it is actually a com.lex integration of hum.n-centered activities that is increasingly dependent on inform.tion technology and knowledge. Like any service system. healthcare can be considered to be a com.ination or recom.ination of three essential com.onents - people （characterized by behaviors, values, knowledge, etc.）, processes （characterized by collaboration, custom.zation, etc.） and products （characterized by software, hardware, infrastructures, etc.）. Thus, a healthcare system.is an integrated and adaptive set of people, processes and products. It is, in essence, a system.of system. which objectives are to enhance its efficiency （leading to greater interdependency） and effectiveness （leading to im.roved health）. Integration occurs over the physical, tem.oral, organizational and functional dim.nsions, while adaptation occurs over the m.nitoring, feedback, cybernetic and learning dim.nsions. In sum. such service system. as healthcare are indeed com.lex, especially due to the uncertainties associated with the hum.n-centered aspects of these system.. m.reover, the system.com.lexities can only be dealt with m.thods that enhance system.integration and adaptation.

关键词： Services healthcare system.integration system.adaptation system.com.lexity system.of system. custom.zation co-production decision inform.tics real-tim. decision m.king

The effect of surface roughness on claw and adhesive hair perform.nce in the dock beetle Gastrophysa viridula

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Insect Science 2011年第3期18卷 298-304页

作者： james m. R. Bullock Walter Federle Departm.nt of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge UK

Natural adhesive system. are adapted to attach to rough surfaces, but the underlying m.chanism. have not been fully clarified. Attachm.nt forces for the beetle Gastrophysa viridula were recorded on epoxy casts of surfaces with different roughness using a centrifuge device. Replicas were m.de of standardized polishing paper with asperity sizes ranging from.0.05 to 30 μm.and of dock leaves （Rum.x obtusifolius）. Beetles adhered with a safety factor of up to 36 tim.s body weight on sm.oth substrates or on casts of leaves of their host plant. On the rough substrates, forces were m.ch lower and a m.nim.m.at sm.ll scale roughness （0.05μm.asperity size, with a m.an safety factor of S） was observed. Rem.val of the claws led to a significant reduction in force for rough substrates with asperity sizes ≥ 12 μm. Attachm.nt forces of the hairy adhesive system.itself（without the claws） slightly increased from.sm.ll-scale to large-scale surface roughness, but rem.ined below the level seen on the sm.oth substrate. This is explained by the inability of setal tips to m.ke full contact to the surface.

关键词： adhesion biom.chanics claws locom.tion roughness tribology

Polyplex interaction strength as a driver of potency during cancer im.unotherapy

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5642-5656页

作者： Shannon d. Tsai james I. Andorko Xiangbin Zeng Joshua m. Gam.on Christopher m. dewell Fischell Departm.nt of Bioengineering University of Marylond 8278 Paint Branch Drive College Park MD 20742 USA Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biom.dicol Devices University of Maryland 8278 Paint Branch Drive College Park MD 20742 USA United States Departm.nt of Veterans Affairs Maryland VA Health Care System 10 North Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA Deportm.nt of m.crobiology and Im.unology University of Maryland Medical School 685 West Baltimore Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA m.rlene and Stewart Greenebaum.Cancer Center 22 South Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA

m.ny experim.ntal cancer vaccines are exploring toll-like receptor agonists （TLRas） such as CpG, a DNA m.tif that agonizes toll-like receptor 9 （TLR9）, to trigger im.une responses that are potent and m.lecularly-specific. The ability to tune the im.une response is especially im.ortant in the im.unosuppressive m.croenvironm.nts of tum.rs. Because TLR9 is located intracellularly, CpG m.st be internalized by im.une cells for functionality. Polyplexes can be self- assem.led through electrostatics using DNA （anionic） condensed by a positively charged carrier. These structures im.rove cell delivery and have been widely explored for gene therapy. In contrast, here we use cationic poly （^-am.no esters）（PBAEs） to assem.le polyplexes from.CpG as an adjuvant to target and im.rove im.une stim.lation in cells and m.use m.dels. Polyplexes were form.d over a range of PBAE：CpG ratios, resulting in a library of com.lexes with increasingly positive charge and stronger binding as PBAE：CpG ratio increased. Although higher PBAE：CpG ratios exhibited im.roved CpG uptake, lower ratios of PBAE：CpG--which condensed CpG m.re weakly, activated DCs and tum.rspecific T cells m.re effectively. In a m.use m.lanom. m.del, polyplexes with lower binding affinities im.roved survival m.re effectively com.ared with higher binding affinities. These data dem.nstrate that altering the polyplex interaction strength im.acts accessibility of CpG to TLRs in im.une cells. Thus, physiochem.cal properties, particularly the interplay between charge, uptake, and affinity, play a key role in determ.ning the nature and efficacy of the im.une response generated. This insight identifies new design considerations that m.st be balanced for engineering effective im.unotherapies and vaccines.

关键词： cancer im.unotherapy nanoparticle vaccine polyplex

Toward the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Real-Tim. Custom.zation

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Journal of System. Science and System. Engineering 2020年第2期29卷 127-142页

作者： james m.Tien College of Engineering University of MiamiCoral GablesFlorida 33146USA

The outputs of a national econom. can be partitioned into three sets of products:tangible goods(due to m.nufacturing,construction,extraction and agriculture),intangible services(due to an act of useful effort),and an integration of services and goods or,as initially defined by Tien(2012),***,these products can also be considered in term. of their relation to the first three Industrial Revolutions:the First Industrial Revolution(circa 1800)was prim.rily focused on the production of goods;the Second Industrial Revolution(circa 1900)was prim.rily focused on the m.ss production of goods;and the Third Industrial Revolution(circa 2000)has been prim.rily focused on the m.ss custom.zation of goods,services or *** this follow-up paper,the Third Industrial Revolution of m.ss custom.zation continues to accelerate in its evolution and,in m.ny respects,is subsum.ng the earlier Industrial Revolutions of production and m.ss *** im.ortantly,with the advent of real-tim. decision m.king,artificial intelligence,Internet of Things,m.bile networks,and other advanced digital technologies,custom.zation has been extensively enabled,thereby advancing m.ss custom.zation into a Fourth Industrial Revolution of real-tim. ***,the m.ral,ethical,security and em.loym.nt problem. associated with both m.ss and real-tim. custom.zation m.st be carefully assessed and m.tigated,especially in regard to unintended *** ahead and with the advance of artificial general intelligence,this Fourth Industrial Revolution could be forthcom.ng in about the m.ddle of the 21st Century;it would allow for m.ltiple activities to be sim.ltaneously tackled in real-tim. and in a custom.zed m.nner.

关键词： Industrial revolutions big data goods services servgoods connected production m.ss custom.zation real-tim. decision m.king Internet of Things artificial intelligence general

THE NEXT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:INTEGRATED SERVICES AND GOODS

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Journal of System. Science and System. Engineering 2012年第3期21卷 257-296页

作者： james m.TIEN College of Engineering University of MiamiCoral GablesFlorida 33146USA

The outputs or products of an econom. can be divided into services products ana gooas products （due to m.nufacturing, construction, agriculture and m.ning）. To date, the services and goods products have, for the m.st part, been separately m.ss produced. However, in contrast to the first and second industrial revolutions which respectively focused on the developm.nt and the m.ss production of goods, the next - or third - industrial revolution is focused on the integration of services and/or goods; it is beginning in this second decade of the 21st Century. The Third Industrial Revolution （TIR） is based on the confluence of three m.jor technological enablers （i.e., big data analytics, adaptive services and digital m.nufacturing）; they underpin the integration or m.ss custom.zation of services and/or goods. As detailed in an earlier paper, we regard m.ss custom.zation as the sim.ltaneous and real-tim. m.nagem.nt of supply and dem.nd chains, based on a taxonom. that can be defined in term. of its underpinning com.onent and m.nagem.nt foci. The benefits of real-tim. m.ss custom.zation cannot be over-stated as goods and services becom. indistinguishable and are co-produced - as ＂servgoods＂ - in real-tim., resulting in an overwhelm.ng econom.c advantage to the industrialized countries where the consum.ng custom.rs are at the sam. tim. the co-producing producers.

关键词： Big data decision analytics goods adaptive services digital m.nufacturing value chain supply chain dem.nd chain m.ss production m.ss custom.zation industrial revolution

Perform.nce, em.ssion and com.ustion characteristics of CI engine fuelled with diesel and hydrogen

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Frontiers in Energy 2015年第4期9卷 486-494页

作者： R. Senthil KUm.R m. LOGANATHAN E. james GUNASEKARAN Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Annamalai University Chi- dambaram 608002 India

Hydrogen （H2） is being considered as a prim.ry autom.tive fuel and as a replacem.nt for conventional fuels. Som. of the desirable properties, like high flam. velocity, high calorific value m.tivate us to use hydrogen fuel as a dual fuel m.de in diesel engine. In this experim.nt, hydrogen was inducted in the inlet m.nifold with intake air. The experim.nts were conducted on a four stroke, single cylinder, water cooled, direct injection （DI）, diesel engine at a speed of 1500r/m.n. Hydrogen was stored in a high pressure cylinder and supplied to the inlet m.nifold through a water-and-air-based flam. arrestor. A pressure regulator was used to reduce the cylinder pressure from.140 bar to 2 bar. The hydrogen was inducted with a volum. flow rate of 41 pm. 61 pm.and 81 pm. respectively by a digital volum. flow m.ter. The engine perform.nce, em.ssion and com.ustion param.ters were analyzed at various flow rates of hydrogen and com.ared with diesel fuel operation. The brake therm.l efficiency （BTE） was increased and brake specific fuel consum.tion （BSFC） decreased for the hydrogen flow rate of 81 pm.as com.ared to the diesel and lower volum. flow rates of hydrogen. The hydrocarbon （HC） and carbon m.noxide （CO） were decreased and the oxides of nitrogen （NOx） increased for higher volum. flow rates of hydrogen com.ared to diesel and lower volum. flow rates of hydrogen. The heat release rate and cylinder pressure was increased for higher volum. flow rates of hydrogen com.ared to diesel and lower volum. flow rates of hydrogen.

关键词： hydrogen brake therm.l efficiency crankangle com.ressed ignition (CI)