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Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhilin lI Jiayu lU Xiaoyi SHI li’an dUO james l.d.smith Tianming WANG Tianjin Key laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal diversity College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Ministry of Education Key laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and leopard BeijingChina

Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore *** studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and leopards(***)span decades,there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale,as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference *** gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models;we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and *** and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence *** and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial *** addition,they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey-rich *** determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation ***,studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference *** study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad ***-makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abundance,and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.

关键词： carnivores coexistence mechanisms competitive interactions exploitative competition interference competition

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Addressing the impact of canine distemper spreading on an isolated tiger population in northeast Asia

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第6期18卷 994-1008页

作者： dawei WANG james l.d.smith Francesco ACCATINO Jianping GE Tianming WANG Ministry of Education Key laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering NFGA Key Laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard&College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA UMR SAdAPT INRAEAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-SaclayPALAISEAU CedexFrance

The continuation of the isolated Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)population living along the China-Russia border is facing serious challenges due to factors such as its small size(including 38 individuals)and canine distemper virus(CdV).We use a population viability analysis metamodel,which consists of a traditional individual-based demographic model linked to an epidemiological model,to assess options for controlling the impact of negative factors through domestic dog management in protected areas,increasing connectivity to the neighboring large population(including more than 400 individuals),and habitat *** intervention,under inbreeding depression of 3.14,6.29,and 12.26 lethal equivalents,our metamodel predicted the extinction within 100 years is 64.4%,90.6%,and 99.8%,*** addition,the simulation results showed that dog management or habitat expansion independently will not ensure tiger population viability for the next 100 years,and connectivity to the neighboring population would only keep the population size from rapidly ***,when the above three conservation scenarios are combined,even at the highest level of 12.26 lethal equivalents inbreeding depression,population size will not decline and the probability of extinction will bedings highlight that protecting the Amur tiger necessitates a multifaceted synergistic *** key management recommendations for this population underline the importance of reducing CdV threats and expanding tiger occupancy to its former range in China,but re-establishing habitat connectivity to the neighboring population is an important long-term objective.

关键词： Amur tiger canine distemper virus habitat connectivity metamodel population viability analysis(PVA)

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Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph Rich Brian Cole Teng li Brandon lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong james l.doherty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron d.Franklin Tony Jun Huang department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas lord department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA deptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The addition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluidics has greatly advanced lab-on-a-chip applications due to their unique and powerful attributes,including high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and rapid ***,the development of SAW microfluidic devices is limited by complex and time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and vacuum-based *** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluidic devices with customizable dimensions and functions,we utilized the additive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated customized SAW microfluidic devices of varying materials,including silver nanowires,graphene,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEdOT:PSS).To characterize and compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed SAW microfluidic devices with their cleanroom-fabricated counterparts,the wave displacements and resonant frequencies of the different fabricated devices were directly measured through scanning laser doppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed devices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully conducted acoustic streaming and particle concentration ***,we demonstrated a novel solution-based,direct-write,single-step,cleanroom-free additive manufacturing technique to rapidly develop SAW microfluidic devices that shows viability for applications in the fields of biology,chemistry,engineering,and medicine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

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中国及其他分布区域野生虎的系统地理学和遗传起源研究进展

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Zoological Research 2006年第4期27卷 441-448页

作者：罗述金 Jae-heup Kim Warren E.Johnson dale G.Miquelle 黄世强潘文石 james l.d.smith Stephen J.O'Brien laboratory of Genomic diversity National Cancer InstituteFrederickMaryland 21702United States of America department of Fisheries Wildlifeand Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota 55108United States of America Wildlife Conservation Society Russian Far East ProgramBronxNew YorkUnited States of America 北京动物园北京大学生命科学学院

世界野生虎(Pantheratigris)传统上被划分为8个亚种,其中3个亚种已于20世纪灭绝,而剩余种群的生存仍然受到偷猎、栖息地丧失和片断化的威胁。作为唯一栖息着4个现存虎亚种的国家,中国在世界虎的保护事业中负有重要责任,然而其野生和圈... 详细信息

世界野生虎(Pantheratigris)传统上被划分为8个亚种,其中3个亚种已于20世纪灭绝,而剩余种群的生存仍然受到偷猎、栖息地丧失和片断化的威胁。作为唯一栖息着4个现存虎亚种的国家,中国在世界虎的保护事业中负有重要责任,然而其野生和圈养虎的分类地位却仍然不确定。最近一项研究(luoetal,2004)从所有现存野生虎分布地区(包括中国)采集了134份“基准样品”(即原产野外或有确定地域起源的个体生物样品),对虎的系统地理学、种群结构以及遗传起源进行了全面分析。所用的分子标记包括四千碱基对的线粒体dNA、30个核基因组微卫星位点,以及MHC-dRB基因。研究结果表明,虽然虎的整体遗传多态性较低,但是种群分化程度很高,它们被划分为6个,而不是5个现存亚种(1)西伯利亚虎(***);(2)苏门答腊虎(***);(3)孟加拉虎(***);(4)华南虎(***);(5)印支虎(***);(6)新定义的亚种马来虎,暂命名为***。由于所研究样本量有限,目前暂定的华南虎亚种还需进一步确定。现有华南虎圈养种群包括遗传关系相距较远的两支一支与印支虎(***)无异;而另一支则与其他种群均相距甚远,可能代表了真正的华南虎(***)。利用分子生物学方法对中国动物园中圈养虎的遗传起源调查亟待进行,以确认该圈养种群整体的遗传独特性或者非独特性。换言之,这将是确认华南虎是否仍然存在的关键。

关键词：虎系统地理学中国亚种分化遗传起源

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Nickel sulfate solution fluoride separation with hydrous zirconium oxide

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 367-381页

作者： Elbert M.Nigri Ummul K.Sultana André l.A.Santos james W.Vaughan Sonia d.F.Rocha department of Mining Engineering Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil School of Chemical Engineering University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072Australia

Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle *** zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate *** fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5,considering Zr *** availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous *** removal is initially rapid,with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,followed by slow removal up to 68 wt.%after 72 h and follows second order rate *** removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform infrared *** presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free *** maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.

关键词： Hydrous zirconium oxide Nickel sulfate Fluoride Adsorption Anion exchange

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The Making of a Health Profession:How Chinese Medicine Became a Nationally Registered Allied Health Profession in Australia

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： John l Mcdonald Judy B james School of Chinese Medicine Endeavour College of Natural HealthSouthport 4215Australia Acupuncture Now Australia Brisbane 4120Australia

In 2012, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) practitioners in Australia became nationally-registered allied health professionals in three categories: acupuncturist, Chinese herbal medicine practitioner, and Chinese herbal medicine dispenser. Australia was the first Western country to introduce national registration for Chinese medicine, followed by Portugal and, recently, New Zealand. The practice of TCM in Australia can be traced back to the beginning of Chinese immigration to Australia during the Victorian Gold Rush which began in the 1850s. The process which led to national registration commenced in the early 1970s with the establishment of the first acupuncture courses. decades of gradual development of courses from unaccredited part-time diplomas to accredited bachelor degrees, and the development, by the profession, of national consensus on educational standards were essential elements in the process which led to registration. Professional associations, such as the Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association ltd.(AACMA), also developed a framework of professional selfregulation, including Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, ongoing professional development requirements and Infection Control Guidelines, and provided leadership in the development of the profession. After decades of tribalism and division within the TCM profession, the National Academic Standards Committee brought almost all stakeholders together to reach a consensus on the Australian Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine Education which were published by AACMA in 2001. Professional associations also collaborated on joint submissions to the government in support of registration, which was introduced first in the state of Victoria in 2000, and subsequently became national in 2012. despite national registration, some barriers still remain, and professional associations continue to lobby the federal government for inclusion in Medicare, chronic disease management scheme, and Veterans

关键词： Acupuncture Chinese medicine Registration Regulation Education Standards Australia TCM

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Insm1:orchestrating cellular mimicry in the thymus medulla

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 414-416页

作者： K.d.james J.E.Cowan UCl Institute of Immunity and Transplantation The Pears BuildingRowland Hill StreetLondonNW32PPUK

The thymus is the primary production site for a functional and self-tolerant T-cell *** establishment of immune tolerance is mediated by the generation and presentation of tissue-restricted self-antigens(TRAs)by medullary thymic epithelial cells(mTECs),which screen T-cell receptors for self-reactivity to eliminate autoreactive T *** studies have extended our understanding of mTEC heterogeneity by examining the mechanisms by which mTECs mimic the peripheral self[1].

关键词： medullary eliminate restricted

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Functionalization of cellulose carbon dots with different elements(N,B and S)for mercury ion detection and anti-counterfeit applications

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Chinese Chemical letters 2024年第7期35卷 355-359页

作者： Xiaoning li Quanyu Shi Meng li Ningxin Song Yumeng Xiao Huining Xiao Tony d.james lei Feng Second Affiliated Hospital of dalian Medical University Dalian 116023China Hebei Key lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China department of Chemical Engineering and limerick Pulp&Paper Centre University of New Brunswick15 Dineen DriveFredericton NB E3B 5A3Canada department of Chemistry University of BathBath BA27AYUnited Kingdom School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China

Mercury ion(Hg^(2+)),as one of the most toxic heavy metal ions,accumulates easily in the environment,which can generate potential hazards to the ecosystem and human *** effectively detect and remove Hg^(2+),we fabricated four types of carbon dots(Cds)using carboxymethyl nanocellulose as a carbon source doped with different elements using a hydrothermal *** the Cds exhibited a strong fluorescence emission,excitation-dependent emission and possessed good water ***,the four fluorescent Cds were used for Hg^(2+)recognition in aqueous solution,where the Cds-N exhibited better sensitivity and selectivity for Hg^(2+)detection,with a low limit of detection of 8.29×10^(-6)mol/*** was determined that the fluorescence quenching could be ascribed to a photoinduced charge-transfer processes between Hg^(2+)and the *** addition,the Cds-N were used as a smart invisible ink for anticounterfeiting,information encryption and ***,the Cds-N were immersed into a cellulose(CMC)-based hydrogel network to prepare fluorescent hydrogels capable of simultaneously detecting and adsorbing Hg^(2+).We anticipate that this research will open possibilities for a green method to synthesize fluorescent Cds for metal ion detection and fluorescent ink production.

关键词： Carbon dots Functional groups Hg^(2+)detection Mechanism Anti-counterfeiting

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A Cover-Independent deep Image Hiding Method Based on domain Attention Mechanism

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3001-3019页

作者： Nannan Wu Xianyi Chen james Msughter Adeke Junjie Zhao School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

Recently,deep image-hiding techniques have attracted considerable attention in covert communication and high-capacity information ***,these approaches have some *** example,a cover image lacks self-adaptability,information leakage,or weak *** address these issues,this study proposes a universal and adaptable image-hiding ***,a domain attention mechanism is designed by combining the Atrous convolution,which makes better use of the relationship between the secret image domain and the cover image ***,to improve perceived human similarity,perceptual loss is incorporated into the training *** experimental results are promising,with the proposed method achieving an average pixel discrepancy(APd)of 1.83 and a peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)value of 40.72 dB between the cover and stego images,indicative of its high-quality ***,the structural similarity index measure(SSIM)reaches 0.985 while the learned perceptual image patch similarity(lPIPS)remarkably registers at ***,self-testing and cross-experiments demonstrate the model’s adaptability and generalization in unknown hidden spaces,making it suitable for diverse computer vision tasks.

关键词： deep image hiding attention mechanism privacy protection data security visual quality

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Colorful facial markings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： Brett M.Culbert james B.Barnett Isaac Y.ligocki Matthew G.Salena Marian Y.l.Wong Ian M.Hamilton Sigal Balshine department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada department of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA department of Biology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral *** signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small ***,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging lake Tanganyika Neolamprologus pulcher visual signals

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