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Paleomapping:Creating testable visual hypotheses of ancient worlds

Journal of Palaeogeography 2025年第01期14卷 91-104页

作者： Holger Petermann Annaka M.Clement Patrick M.Sullivan Hannah M.Bonner james W.Hagadorn Department of Earth and Space Sciences Denver Museum of Nature & Science Colorado School of Mines Department of Geology and Geologic Engineering Division of Water Quality Utah Department of Environmental Quality

The story of the Earth's changing landscapes is often told through paleogeographic maps. These images are some of the most accessible and widely used illustrations in the Earth sciences. However, no formal procedure for the creation of photorealistic paleomaps(i.e., paleosatellite images) exists. Using an example from the Late Jurassic of the Rocky Mountain region, we present a method for making paleoenvironmental and paleosatellite maps that is scalable, reproducible, testable, and incorporates peer review. The process includes a literature review followed by data-visualization, paleoenvironmental interpretation, peer-review,iterative revisions, and the creation of a false contour map and color gradient used to render a paleosatellite image. Paleosatellite images are photorealistic versions of paleoenvironmental maps that incorporate global climatic and tectonic information as well as principles of actualism; they can be made through comparison to analogous modern landscapes. An important component of this process is that the data maps that ground this paleomapping process allow evaluation of where paleoenvironmental interpretations are wellsupported by outcrop and subsurface data, and where such visualization is highly interpretive-often because of lack of available rocks or studies in a given area. As such, our paleoenvironmental maps and paleosatellite images are testable pictorial hypotheses. By outlining a procedure that produces referenced,data-rich, and visually realistic maps, we hope to demystify the paleoenvironmental map-making process and improve accessibility of paleomaps for the broader geoscience community. Where resources and complementary data are available, such maps also have potential for georeferencing and integration with larger continent-scale paleogeographic maps.

关键词： Ancient landscapes Cartography Paleogeography Paleoenvironments Jurassic

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Influence of Car Park Proximity on Air Pollutant Concentrations at a Level 5 Hospital Outpatient Ward

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2025年第1期14卷 37-60页

作者： Zolani Ndlovu Meshack Hawi Hiram Ndiritu james Kimotho Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Institute for Basic Science Technology and Innovation Pan African University Nairobi Kenya Department of Mechanical Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Air quality is a critical factor in maintaining health and well-being, influencing both current conditions and future outcomes. Hospitals are one of the sensitive areas of our society, for they are built as sanctuaries for treatment and recovery, making the quality of paramount importance. This study investigates the impact of traffic-related emissions on indoor air quality within a Level 5 Hospital outpatient ward. Measurements were taken over five consecutive days, revealing that while CO2 levels generally remained within safe limits, there were instances where concentrations exceeded 3000 ppm, categorizing them as “Hazardous.” Notably, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) levels fluctuated significantly, with peak concentrations observed during working hours correlating with increased vehicle activity. The data indicated that PM2.5 levels reached as high as 75 µg/m3, with 91.68% of recorded values exceeding the World Health Organization’s (WHO) and Environmental Protection Agency 24-hour mean threshold of 25 µg/m3. Similarly, PM10 concentrations peaked at 120 µg/m3, with 61.19% of values surpassing the WHO threshold of 50 µg/m3, both of which pose serious health risks, particularly to vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, infants, and the elderly. Additionally, the study highlighted the critical role of wind direction in pollutant dispersion, with specific patterns contributing to elevated indoor concentrations. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and proactive air quality management strategies in healthcare facilities, including the strategic design of hospital wards away from primary emission sources and the promotion of electric vehicle use to mitigate traffic-related emissions.

关键词： Air Quality Hospital Wards Vehicle Emissions Particulate Matter Wind Direction Scalar dispersion Carpark and Driveway

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Progressive heterosis in genetically defined tetraploid maize

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Journal of genetics and genomics 2019年第8期46卷 389-396页

作者： Jacob D.Washburn mitchell J.McElfresh james A.Birchler Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri

Progressive heterosis, i.e., the additional hybrid vigor in double-cross tetraploid hybrids not found in their single-cross tetraploid parents, has been documented in a number of species including alfalfa,potato, and maize. In this study, four artificially induced maize tetraploids, directly derived from standard inbred lines, were crossed in pairs to create two single-cross hybrids. These hybrids were then crossed to create double-cross hybrids containing genetic material from all four original lines. Replicated fieldbased phenotyping of the materials over four years indicated a strong progressive heterosis phenotype in tetraploids but not in their diploid counterparts. In particular, the above ground dry weight phenotype of double-cross tetraploid hybrids was on average 34% and 56% heavier than that of the single-cross tetraploid hybrids and the double-cross diploid counterparts, respectively. Additionally,whole-genome resequencing of the original inbred lines and further analysis of these data did not show the expected spectrum of alleles to explain tetraploid progressive heterosis under the complementation of complete recessive model. These results underscore the reality of the progressive heterosis phenotype,its potential utility for increasing crop biomass production, and the need for exploring alternative hypothesis to explain it at a molecular level.

关键词： Maize Tetraploid Heterosis Dominance complementation Progressive heterosis

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miR-2940-1 is involved in the circadian regulation of oviposition in Aedes albopictus

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Insect Science 2025年第1期32卷 69-79页

作者： Xiaolin Xiao Ling Kong Zhensheng Xie Hongkai Liu Lijun Cai Siyu Zhao Jiayong Zhou Shuang Liu Jing Wu Yiming Wu Peilin Wu Anthony A.james Xiao-guang Chen Department of Pathogen Biology Institute of Tropical MedicineSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Microbiology&Molecular genetics University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Molecular Biology&Biochemistry University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA

The vast majority of all global species have circadian rhythm cycles that allow them to adapt to natural *** regular rhythms are regulated by core clock genes and recent studies have also implicated roles for microRNAs in this *** is an important circadian behavior in the reproductive cycle of insect vectors of diseases,and little is known about the rhythm or its regulation in *** albopictus is a diurnal mosquito that transmits arboviruses and is the major cause of outbreaks of dengue fever in *** analyzed the oviposition rhythm patterns of *** under different light/dark conditions and show that the mosquitoes have an oviposition peak between zeitgeber time 9(ZT 9)and ZT ***,the antagomir-mediated knockdown of expression of the microRNA miR-2940-1 affected the oviposition rhythm of *** data support the conclusion that miR-2940-1 is involved in the regulation of oviposition rhythm in *** and provide a foundation for using oviposition rhythms as a new target for vector mosquito control.

关键词： Aedes albopictus miR-2940-l oviposition rhythm regulation

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Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Heat Treatment Processes on AISI 1025 Steel Produced by Laser Engineered Net Shaping

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Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science 2025年第1期15卷 1-15页

作者： Elphas Tum Rehema Ndeda james Mutua Raghupatruni Prasad Eyitao Olakanmi Sisa Pityana Department of Mechatronic Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya Department of Mechanical Energy and Industrial Engineering Botswana International University of Science and Technology Palapye Botswana Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering Education (AMEE) Research group Botswana International University of Science and Technology Palapye Botswana UNESCO Chair on Sustainable Manufacturing and Innovation Technologies (UCoSMIT) Team Botswana International University of Science and Technology Palapye Botswana Department of Mechanical Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya Department of Chemical Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Botswana International University of Science and Technology Palapye Botswana National Laser Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa

Heat treatment processes, such as annealing and quenching, are crucial in determining residual stress evolution, microstructural changes and mechanical properties of metallic materials, with residual stresses playing a greater role in the performance of components. This paper investigates the effect of heat treatment on residual stresses induced in AISI 1025, manufactured using LENS. Finite element model was developed and simulated to analyze residual stress development. AISI 1025 samples suitable for tool and die applications in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) filament production, were fabricated using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) process, followed by heat treatment where annealing and quenching processes were done. The material’s microstructure, residual stress and hardness of heat-treated samples under investigation, were compared against the as-built samples. The results indicated that after annealing, tensile residual stresses were reduced by 93%, resulting in a reduced crack growth rate, compared to the as-built sample, although the hardness was reduced significantly by 25%. On the other hand, high tensile residual stresses of 425 ± 14 MPa were recorded after quenching process with an improvement of hardness by 21%.

关键词： Heat Treatment Residual Stresses Hardness Microstructure Numerical Simulation

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The Mysterious Mid-Carnian “Wet Intermezzo” global Event

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第2期26卷 181-191页

作者： james g.Ogg Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Purdue University Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental geology of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences

Approximately 230 million years ago in the middle of the Carnian stage of the Upper Triassic, the sedimentary records in different regional basins display dramatic changes. Tropical carbonate platforms abruptly ended, and engorged river systems left widespread sand-rich layers across inland basins and coastal regions. This pulse lasted less than a million years in some basins, but constituted a permanent shift in others. Following this event, the Late Carnian has the earliest record of significant dinosaurs on land and the emergence of the calcareous nannoplankton in the oceans that now govern Earth＇s carbon cycle. This ＂most distinctive climate change within the Tri- assic＂ has been interpreted by some geoscientists as a global disruption of the Earth＇s land-ocean-biological system. The eruption of the Wrangellia large igneous province may have been the trigger for a sudden carbon-dioxide-induced warming and associated increased rainfall in some of these regions. Indeed, some workers have proposed that this ＂wet intermezzo＂ warming event is a useful analog to aid in predicting the effects of our future greenhouse on land ecosystems and ocean chemistry. However, the understanding of the onset, duration, global impacts and relatively rapid termination of this postulated warming pulse has been hindered by lack of a global dataset with inter-calibrated terrestrial and marine biostratigraphy, precise radio-isotopic ages, stable isotope records of temperature and the carbon system, and cycle-calibrated rates of regional and global change.

关键词： Triassic Carnian climate pluvial Wrangellia carbon isotope excursion dolomite China LIP Yangtze Platform Wet Intermezzo large igneous province.

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Formation of a 40 A DC Current Arc During the Opening of Silver Contacts

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Plasma Science and Technology 2014年第5期16卷 471-478页

作者： M'hammed ABBAOUI André LEFORT Erwann CARVOU Damien SALLAIS james Brian Alexander mitchell Noureddine BEN JEMAA Clermont Université Université d'AuvergneEA 3120LAEPTBP 10448F-63000 Clermont-FerrandFrance Equipe Contacts Electriques IPR(UMR CNRS 6251)Universite de Rennes 135042 Rennes CedexFrance

The erosion of silver contacts due to break arcs with length proportional to time and of variable duration has been measured by weighing the contacts following 5000 openings at a constant current equal to 40 *** experimental results show that,for arc durations shorter than 60 μs,the transfer of metal from the anode to the cathode occurs,but after passing this stage,when the two electrodes are separated by greater distances,each will display *** is the result of the diffusion of material outside the space between the two *** order to interpret these results,we have applied a classical model of the physical phenomena occurring at the root of the *** of the experimental results shows that for an arc duration of less than15 μs,no distinct cathode root is seen to exist,but beyond this,several spots appear gradually on the cathode for arc duration up to 50 μs,after which they merge into a single *** comparison between experiment results and theoretical interpretation is reasonable up to 60 μs.

关键词： arc root cathode spot anode spot erosion contacts current density

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局部阴影遮挡下太阳能电池-超级电容一体化阵列功率补偿及其动态阵列重构

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高电压技术 2025年

作者：杨洪明刘璐雨段献忠 Archie james Johnston 杨洪朝湖南大学电气与信息工程学院长沙理工大学电气与信息工程学院长沙民政职业技术学院软件学院

针对局部阴影遮挡下太阳能电池最大输出功率降低，进一步导致光伏阵列行电流不均衡，功率/电压(P-V)输出特性曲线产生多峰值等问题，提出了太阳能电池-超级电容(solar cell-supercapacitor， SCS)一体化阵列方案，由SCS器件、动态重构... 详细信息

针对局部阴影遮挡下太阳能电池最大输出功率降低，进一步导致光伏阵列行电流不均衡，功率/电压(P-V)输出特性曲线产生多峰值等问题，提出了太阳能电池-超级电容(solar cell-supercapacitor， SCS)一体化阵列方案，由SCS器件、动态重构拓扑与常规光伏阵列相连接组成。基于SCS器件的超级电容充/放电特性，提出行电压闭环控制策略，根据光伏阵列行电压与最大功率点电压的偏差，以一体化阵列输出功率最大为控制目标，开关矩阵连接方式为决策变量，调整SCS器件与光伏阵列连接方式，均衡光伏阵列各行电流，实现SCS器件对阴影遮挡电池进行功率补偿。搭建9×9的SCS一体化阵列仿真模型，对比分析4种典型动态云层阴影遮挡模式下，TCT、静态阵列重构技术、动态阵列重构技术、SCS一体化阵列的输出特性。结果表明SCS一体化阵列填充因子达77.4 %，功率损耗约18 W，优于其他三种方案。SCS一体化方案有效提高局部阴影遮挡下光伏阵列输出功率。

关键词：局部阴影遮挡太阳能电池-超级电容一体化阵列动态重构行电压闭环控制功率补偿行电流均衡

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Selective androgen receptor modulators for the treatment of late onset male hypogonadism

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 256-261,I0009页

作者： Christopher C Coss Amanda Jones Michael L Hancock mitchell S Steiner james T Dalton gTx Inc. Memphis Tennessee USA.

Several testosterone preparations are used in the treatment of hypogonadism in the ageing male. These therapies differ in their convenience, flexibility, regional availability and expense but share their pharmacokinetic basis of approval and dearth of long-term safety data. The brevity and relatively reduced cost of pharmacokinetic based registration trials provides little commercial incentive to develop improved novel therapies for the treatment of late onset male hypogonadism. Selective androgen receptor modulators （SARMs） have been shown to provide anabolic benefit in the absence of androgenic effects on prostate, hair and skin. Current clinical development for SARMs is focused on acute muscle wasting conditions with defined clinical endpoints of physical function and lean body mass. Similar regulatory clarity concerning clinical deficits in men with hypogonadism is required before the beneficial pharmacology and desirable pharmacokinetics of SARMs can be employed in the treatment of late onset male hypogonadism.

关键词： hypogonadism late onset hypogonadism selective androgen receptor modulators testosterone

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Limited evidence to support demineralized bone matrix in foot and ankle surgical procedures:A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2025年第1期16卷 57-67页

作者： Hayden Hartman james J Butler Megan Calton Charles C Lin Samantha Rettig Jared C Tishelman Sebastian Krebsbach grace W Randall John g Kennedy Department of Medicine Lincoln Memorial UniversityKnoxvilleTN 37752United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10002United States Department of Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin D02 YN77LeinsterIreland

BACKgROUND Demineralized bone matrix(DBM)is a commonly utilized allogenic bone graft substitute to promote osseous ***,little is known regarding outcomes following DBM utilization in foot and ankle surgical *** To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes following DBM as a biological adjunct in foot and ankle surgical *** During May 2023,the PubMed,EMBASE and Cochrane library databases were systematically reviewed to identify clinical studies examining outcomes following DBM for the management of various foot and ankle *** regarding study characteristics,patient demographics,subjective clinical outcomes,radiological outcomes,complications,and failure rates were extracted and *** addition,the level of evidence(LOE)and quality of evidence(QOE)for each individual study was also *** studies were included in this *** In total,363 patients(397 ankles and feet)received DBM as part of their surgical procedure at a weighted mean follow-up time of 20.8±9.2 *** most common procedure performed was ankle arthrodesis in 94 patients(25.9%).Other procedures performed included hindfoot fusion,1st metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis,5th metatarsal intramedullary screw fixation,hallux valgus correction,osteochondral lesion of the talus repair and unicameral talar cyst *** osseous union rate in the ankle and hindfoot arthrodesis cohort,base of the 5th metatarsal cohort,and calcaneal fracture cohort was 85.6%,100%,and 100%,*** weighted mean visual analog scale in the osteochondral lesions of the talus cohort improved from a pre-operative score of 7.6±0.1 to a post-operative score of 0.4±*** overall complication rate was 27.2%,the most common of which was non-union(8.8%).There were 43 failures(10.8%)all of which warranted a further surgical *** This current systematic review demonstrated that the utilization of DBM in foot and ankle surgical proced

关键词： Demineralized bone matrix Allogenic bone graft osseous union Biological adjunct Systematic review Bone morphogenetic proteins Lower limb fusion Arthrodesis

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