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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第4期7卷 303-306页

作者： james baird Alexander b.Norinsky Department of Emergency Medicine Rowan University SOM Kennedy University Hospital

Here we present the case of a 20-year-old male with a known history of an artificial mechanical aortic valve replacement at ages four and twelve, on chronic warfarin therapy, who presented to our community emergency department for the evaluation of vomiting, diarrhea, generalized malaise and abdominal pain. He was seen at a local urgent care for similar symptoms earlier in the day, subsequently discharged with a diagnosis of mild gastroenteritis; however, according to the patient＇s sister, upon his return home he looked very unwell and she called an ambulance immediately.

关键词： gastroenteritis case report

Combined risk modelling approach to identify the optimal carotid revascularisation approach

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第3期6卷 476-482,I0080-I0084页

作者： james Francis burke Lewis b Morgenstern Nicholas H Osborne Rodney A Hayward Neurology University of Michigan Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA Vascular Surgery Univerity of Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA Internal Medicine University of Michigan Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA

background Carotid endarterectomy(CEA)results in fewer perioperative strokes,but more myocardial infarctions(MI)than carotid artery stenting(CAS).We explored a combined modelling approach that stratifies patients by baseline stroke and *** baseline registry-based risk models for perioperative stroke and MI were identified via literature *** then selected treatment risk models in the Carotid Revascularisation Stenting versus Endarterectomy(CREST)trial by serially adding covariates(baseline risk,treatment(CEA vs CAS),treatment-risk interaction and age-treatment interaction terms).Treatment risk models were externally validated using data from the Society for Vascular Surgery(SVS)Vascular Quality Initiative(VQI)CEA and carotid stenting registries and treatment models were recalibrated to the SVS-VQI *** net benefit was estimated by summing the predicted stroke and MI risk differences with CEA versus *** Perioperative treatment models had moderate predictiveness(c-statistic 0.69 for stroke and 0.68 for MI)and reasonable calibration across the risk spectrum for both stroke and MI within *** external validation in SVS-VQI,predictiveness was substantially reduced(c-statistic 0.61 for stroke and 0.54 for MI)and models substantially overpredicted *** patients(86.7%)were predicted to have net benefit from CEA in CREST(97.0%of symptomatic patients vs 75%of asymptomatic patients).Discussion A combined modelling approach that separates risk elements has potential to inform optimal ***,our current approach is not ready for clinical *** data support guidelines that suggest that CEA should be the preferred revascularisation modality in most patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis.

关键词： carotid Surgery optimal

Regulation of neuronal bioenergetics as a therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1467-1482页

作者： Isaac G.Onyango james P.bennett Gorazd b.Stokin Center for Translational Medicine International Clinical Research Centre(ICRC)St.Anne’s University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic Neurodegeneration Therapeutics 3050A Berkmar DriveCharlottesvilleVAUSA

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are a heterogeneous group of debilitating disorders with multifactorial etiologies and pathogeneses that manifest distinct molecular mechanisms and clinical manifestations with abnormal protein dynamics and impaired bioenergetics. Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as an important feature in the etiopathogenesis of these age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The prevalence and incidence of these diseases is on the rise with the increasing global population and average lifespan. Although many therapeutic approaches have been tested, there are currently no effective treatment routes for the prevention or cure of these diseases. We present the current status of our knowledge and understanding of the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases and highlight recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies targeting neuronal bioenergetics as potential approach for treating these diseases.

关键词： aging Alzheimer's disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Huntington's disease mitochondrial biogenesis mitochondrial dysfunction mtDNA mutations neurodegeneration oxidative stress Parkinson's disease

Astronomical time scale for the lower Doushantuo Formation of early Ediacaran,South China

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Science bulletin 2018年第22期63卷 1485-1494页

作者： Yu Sui Chunju Huang Rui Zhang Zhixiang Wang james Ogg David b.Kemp State Key Laboratory of biogeology and Environmental Geology School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA School of Geosciences University of AberdeenAberdeenScotland AB243UEUK

Nearly 90% of the Ediacaran Period(635–541 Ma) of the Neoproterozoic is represented by the Doushantuo Formation(DST Fm) in South *** lowest Member I is a 3.7 m-thick cap carbonate deposited at the termination of the Cryogenian Marinoan *** DST Fm consists of alternating organic-rich black shale and thinly bedded dolostone, and it contains some of the oldest records of multicellular life and three pronounced negative carbon isotope *** Jiulongwan(JLW) section is a well-studied reference section for these Ediacaran *** analysis of geochemical data through the lower DST Fm(22.3 m) shows 27 predominant ～90 cm sedimentary cycles that correspond to 405-ka long eccentricity *** power spectra of the 405-ka tuned Ca and Fe/Ti series show significant peaks at ～1.2-Ma, 405-ka, 133-ka, 128-ka, 100-ka, 82-ka, ～31-ka and 29-ka periods, respectively.A 11.16 Malong astronomical time scale has been constructed for the lower DST Fm and provide a duration of 1.6 Ma for the cap carbonate(Member Ⅰ) based on the 405-ka long eccentricity cycle *** the U-Pb age of 635.2 ± 0.6 Ma for the volcanic ash bed at the Member Ⅰ/Ⅱboundary, we proposed a 636.8 Ma age for the base of the DST *** ages and astronomical timescale provide important new constraints on the subdivision of Ediacaran strata, and have implications for understanding the character of the first negative δ^(13)C excursion(EN1).Orbital forcing may have been played an important role for the climate changes and the evolution of Ediacaran multi-cellular life and the carbon cycle variations.

关键词： Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation Astronomical time scale Orbital forcing Jiulongwan section

Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger barbara Schaedl james Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

The molecular profile of nerve repair: humans mirror rodents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第7期16卷 1440-1441页

作者： Matthew b.Wilcox Kristjan R.Jessen Tom J.Quick james b.Phillips Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit Royal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK Department of Pharmacology UCL School of PharmacyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 1AXUK UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering University College LondonLondonUK Department of Cell and Developmental biology University College LondonLondonUK

Peripheral nerve injuries(PNI)are common following blunt or penetrating trauma and can lead to disability and chronic pain in affected individuals,with limited options available to promote regeneration and functional *** animal models,it is known that the regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system(PNS)is heavily dependent upon the remarkable ability of Schwann cells to undergo a phenotypic shift from a supportive/myelinating/maintaining phenotype to one that encourages neural regeneration.

关键词： injuries mirror neural

Update on Molecular Imaging in Parkinson's Disease

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Neuroscience bulletin 2018年第2期34卷 330-340页

作者： Zhen-Yang Liu Feng-Tao Liu Chuan-Tao Zuo james b.Koprich Jian Wang Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Ageing and Medicine Huashan Hospital Fudan University PET Center Huashan Hospital Fudan University Krembil Institute Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network

Advances in radionuclide tracers have allowed for more accurate imaging that reflects the actions of numerous neurotransmitters, energy metabolism utilization, inflammation, and pathological protein accumulation. All of these achievements in molecular brain imaging have broadened our understanding of brain function in Parkinson’s disease(PD).The implementation of molecular imaging has supported more accurate PD diagnosis as well as assessment of therapeutic outcome and disease progression. Moreover, molecular imaging is well suited for the detection of preclinical or prodromal PD cases. Despite these advances, future frontiers of research in this area will focus on using multi-modalities combining positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging along with causal modeling with complex algorithms.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Positron emission tomography SPECT

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基于月球动力学演化的地质年代划分

中国科学：地球科学 2024年第1期54卷 244-263页

作者：郭弟均刘建忠 james W.HEAD 张福勤凌宗成陈圣波陈建平丁孝忠籍进柱欧阳自远中国科学院国家空间科学中心空间天气学国家重点实验室北京100190 中国科学院地球化学研究所月球与行星科学中心贵阳550081 Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary SciencesBrown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所北京100029 山东大学空间科学研究院山东省光学天文与日地空间环境重点实验室威海264209 吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院长春130026 中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院北京100083 中国地质科学院地质研究所北京100037 内蒙古工业大学资源与环境工程学院呼和浩特010051 中国科学院比较行星学卓越创新中心合肥230026

月球地质年代表将月球的地层按形成的时间顺序划分为不同的时代,能够清晰地表达月球的整体演化历史.在地基望远镜观测和阿波罗时代早期,由于当时所用数据的空间覆盖度和分辨率有限,所建立的月球地质年代划分存在部分缺陷.在阿波罗时代... 详细信息

月球地质年代表将月球的地层按形成的时间顺序划分为不同的时代,能够清晰地表达月球的整体演化历史.在地基望远镜观测和阿波罗时代早期,由于当时所用数据的空间覆盖度和分辨率有限,所建立的月球地质年代划分存在部分缺陷.在阿波罗时代结束以来的几十年里,人类对月球进行了更广泛的研究,拓展了对全月地质演化的认识和理解.基于对月球动力学演化的综合性分析,本文对当前的月球地质年代表进行了更新,特别考虑了内动力地质作用和外动力地质作用在月球早期演化中所发挥的作用.首先,根据内动力和外动力在不同时期对月球改造的效应,提出了三阶段月球动力学演化模型,并建立了三个相应的“宙/宇”级别的年代及地层单元.其次,为了更清晰地反映月球的演化历史,以南极-艾肯(SPA)盆地的形成为界线将前酒海纪划分为了岩浆洋纪和艾肯纪,其中较年轻的艾肯纪是以SPA盆地的形成为起点.本文识别了SPA盆地的溅射物地层,即达斯建造,其沉积在月球的原始月壳上,是岩浆洋结束后保存下来的最古老的外动力成因地层.更新的月球地质年代表系统综合了阿波罗时期以来月球探测和研究的成果,构建了一个描述月球演化历史的系统框架,能够更方便地开展月球地质研究,对其他类地行星的地质演化研究也具有重要的参考意义.

关键词：月球地质年代表演化历史内动力作用外动力作用

Strigolactones and the Regulation of Pea Symbioses in Response to Nitrate and Phosphate Deficiency

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 76-87页

作者： Eloise Foot Kaori Yoneyama Cassandra J. Hugill Laura J. Quittenden james b. Reidt School of Plant Science University of Tasmania Private Bag 55 Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia Weed Science Centre Utsunomiya University 350 Mine-machi Utsunomiya 321-8505 Japan

New roles for the recently identified group of plant hormones, the strigolactones, are currently under active investigation. One of their key roles is to regulate plant symbioses. These compounds act as a rhizosphere signal in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses and as a positive regulator of nodulation in legumes. The phosphorous and nitrogen status of the soil has emerged as a powerful regulator of strigolactone production. However, until now, the potential role of strigolactones in regulating mycorrhizal development and nodulation in response to nutrient deficiency has not been proven. In this paper, the role of strigolactone synthesis and response in regulating these symbioses is examined in pea （Pisum sativum L.）. Pea is well suited to this study, since there is a range of well-characterized strigolactone bio- synthesis and response mutants that is unique amongst legumes. Evidence is provided for a novel endogenous role for strigolactone response within the root during mycorrhizal development, in addition to the action of strigolactones on the fungal partner. The strigolactone response pathway that regulates mycorrhizal development also appears to dif- fer somewhat from the response pathway that regulates nodulation. Finally, studies with strigolactone-deficient pea mutants indicate that, despite strong regulation of strigolactone production by both nitrogen and phosphate, strigolac- tones are not required to regulate these symbioses in response to nutrient deficiency.

关键词： Strigolactones nodulation mycorrhizae nitrate phosphate pea.

boldness and predator evasion in naturally hybridizing swordtails （Teleostei： Xiphophorus）

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 596-603页

作者： james b. JOHNSON Zachary W. CULUMbER Ryan EASTERLING Gil G. R.OSENTHAL Department of biology Texas A&M University College Station Texas TX 77843 USA Centro de lnvestigaciones Cientificas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca" Calnali Hidalgo Mexico

Correlations among behavioral traits can generate trade-offs and constrain phenotypic evolution. Interspecific hybridization has the potential to alter behavioral trait correlations, but the effect of hybridization on suites of behavioral traits has received relatively little attention. We evaluated how natural hybridization changes the relationship between boldness （time of emergence and proportion of time out of shelter） and response to a simulated predator threat in swordtails （Teleostei： Xiphophorus）. In poeciliid fishes, bold individuals have increased survival in the presence of predators. This non-intuitive observation may arise as a result of bold individuals being more likely to engage in anti-predator behaviors. Contrary to our prediction, bold indi- viduals were less likely to perform a fast-start response to a predator threat. This correlation was consistent among populations and species but was only significant in hybrids. The observed correlation between boldness and anti-predator behavior could im- pact hybrid fitness and the evolvability of hybrid lineages. More generally, our findings suggest that hybridization could influence the integration of behavioral phenotypes, as has been amply documented for morphology. Animal personality and behavioral syndromes could therefore play an important role in the evolutionary fate of natural hybrids [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 596-603, 2015].

关键词： Trait compensation Fast-Start Anti-predator behavior hybridization behavioral syndrome Animal personality