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Effects of biochar on soil water retention curves of compacted clay during wetting and drying

Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1117-1130页

作者： james tsz fung wong Ka Lai Chow Xun Wen Chen Charles Wang Wai Ng Ming Hung wong Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongSARChina Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongSARChina Consortium on Health EnvironmentEducation and Research(CHEER)Department of Science and Environmental StudiesThe Education University of Hong KongTai PoHong KongSARChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Compacted clay possesses a low water permeability and has been widely used in geo-environmental facilities such as landfill cover *** studies revealed the potential applications of compacted biochar-amended clay(BAC)as an alternative landfill cover ***,the effects of biochar on the soil water retention curves(SWRCs)of clay at low suction are not *** study can help fill this knowledge gap by measuring the wetting and drying SWRCs of clay and BAC(20%biochar).Soils were compacted in instrumented soil columns and subjected to a wetting and drying cycle,and soil water content and suction were measured along with the soil *** was saturated faster when compared with *** drying,the soil water content of clay at 65 mm depth dropped to almost zero,while about 5%of water was retained in *** showed that biochar increased the soil water retention capacity of compacted clay upon *** showed that biochar-clay composite possesses a higher soil water retention capacity at a low soil suction range(<1000 kPa)compared with clay *** revealed the benefits of using compacted biochar-clay composite as a hydraulic barrier to minimize desiccation-induced cracks and potentially promote its serviceability,especially in arid and semi-arid *** composite is also a carbon sink material that can reduce landfill gas emissions and pollutant leaching.

关键词： Soil amendment Biochar-clay composite Soil carbon Soil suction Soil depth

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Response of microbial communities to biochar-amended soils:a critical review

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Biochar 2019年第1期1卷 3-22页

作者： Kumuduni Niroshika Palansooriya james tsz fung wong Yohey Hashimoto Longbin Huang Jörg Rinklebe Scott X.Chang Nanthi Bolan Hailong Wang Yong Sik Ok Korea Biochar Research Center O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute(OJERI)Division of Environmental Science and Ecological EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong SARChina Department of Bioapplications and Systems Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyoJapan Environment Centres Sustainable Minerals InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Laboratory of Soil-and Groundwater-Management School of Architecture and Civil EngineeringInstitute of Foundation Engineering and Water and-Waste ManagementUniversity of WuppertalPauluskirchstraße 742285 WuppertalGermany Department of Environment Energy and GeoinformaticsSejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2E3Canada Global Centre for Environmental Remediation University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Foshan UniversityFoshan 528000GuangdongChina Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang A&F University

Application of biochar to soils changes soil physicochemical properties and stimulates the activities of soil microorganisms that influence soil quality and plant *** the response of soil microbial communities to biochar amendments is important for better understanding interactions of biochar with soil,as well as ***,the effect of biochar on soil microorganisms has received less attention than its influences on soil physicochemical *** this review,the following key questions are discussed:(i)how does biochar affect soil microbial activities,in particular soil carbon(C)mineralization,nutrient cycling,and enzyme activities?(ii)how do microorganisms respond to biochar amendment in contaminated soils?and(iii)what is the role of biochar as a growth promoter for soil microorganisms?Many studies have demonstrated that biochar-soil application enhances the soil microbial biomass with substantial changes in microbial community *** amendment changes microbial habitats,directly or indirectly affects microbial metabolic activities,and modifies the soil microbial community in terms of their diversity and ***,chemical properties of biochar,(especially pH and nutrient content),and physical properties such as pore size,pore volume,and specific surface area play significant roles in determining the efficacy of biochar on microbial performance as biochar provides suitable habitats for *** mode of action of biochar leading to stimulation of microbial activities is complex and is influenced by the nature of biochar as well as soil conditions.

关键词： Carbon cycling Microbial habitat Microorganisms Nutrient cycling Enzyme activity

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Review of evolution of clinical, training and educational services and research program for autism spectrum disorders in Hong Kong

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第10期58卷 991-1009页

作者： Virginia Chun-Nei wong Cheuk-Wing fung So-Lun LEE Polly tsz Yan wong Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine the University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital

The evolution of a local fragmented model of services for children with autism in Hong Kong emerged gradually over the past three decades with lack of government funding or support. This had been due to increasing number of children with autism being detected and referred for earlier assessment. With increasing pressure from parents due to long waiting time for assessment and training services and the increasing polarization by mass media there had been a gradual increasing public awareness over the past five years. Though still highly fragmented in the availability of services, there is a growing "business model" available in the community due to increasing need and lack of public funding for support. There is a lack of strategic planning for medical diagnostic and management issues in Hong Kong. Our University of Hong Kong based Autism Research Program was pioneered in 1985 based on the increasing load of autism cases referred for assessment for other developmental problems and diagnosed as Autism in the Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital. As the first author has been the staff of the University of Hong Kong, this program flourished as a research based program. The benefits of early identification and intervention of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) had been increasingly recognized, and with the increased public awareness and increasing trend of earlier diagnosis, there has been a continuously high demand from parents for earlier assessment and training for children suspected to have ASD. This model had not received extra funding for this integrated program for research, teaching and training in autism. We had to apply for various donations and grants to support the development of this pioneer program. The research output and organization of forums for public education and awareness are reviewed. The latter part of the paper reports the summary of clinical profile of autism cases(N=1441) assessed from 1985 to 2010 June under the University of Hong Kong. As the waiti

关键词： autism spectrum disorder (ASD) autism Asperger syndrome children

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Prevention of recurrent hepatitis B infection after liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2013年第5期12卷 465-472页

作者： Tiffany CL wong james YY fung Chung Mau Lo Department of Surgery Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong102 Pokfulam Road Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong102 Pokfulam Road

BACKGROUND:Recurrence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection after liver transplantation can lead to graft loss and a reduction in long-term *** purpose of this review is to summarize the current therapeutic options for preventing HBV recurrence in liver transplant *** SOURCES:Up to January 2013,studies that were published in MEDLINE and EMBASE on prevention of HBV recurrence after liver transplantation were ***:There have been remarkable advancements in the past two decades on the prevention of HBV recurrence after liver transplantation,from the discovery of hepatitis B immune globulin(HBIG) and lamivudine monotherapy to the combination therapy using HBIG and *** the development of newer and stronger antiviral agents,the need for life-long HBIG is *** their low resistance profile,oral antiviral prophylaxis using these new agents alone is sufficient and is associated with excellent ***:Restoration of host HBV immunity with adoptive immunity transfer and vaccination may represent the ultimate strategy to withdraw prophylactic treatment and to achieve a drug free regimen against HBV recurrence after liver transplantation.

关键词： hepatitis B liver transplantation hepatitis B immune globulin antiviral therapy adoptive immunity transfer HBV vaccination

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Outcomes of right-lobe and left-lobe living-donor liver transplantations using small-for-size grafts

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第23期23卷 4270-4277页

作者： wong Hoi She Kenneth SH Chok james YY fung Albert CY Chan Chung Mau Lo Department of Surgery the University of Hong Kong Department of Surgery and State Key Laboratory for Liver Research The University of Hong Kong Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory for Liver Research The University of Hong Kong

AIM To analyze the outcomes of living-donor liver transplantation(LDLT) using left-lobe(LL) or right-lobe(RL) small-for-size(SFS) *** Prospectively collected data of adult patients who underwent LDLT at our hospital in the period from January 2003 to December 2013 were reviewed. The patients were divided into the RL-LDLT group and the LL-LDLT group. The two groups were compared in terms of short-and long-term outcomes, including incidence of postoperative complication, graft function, graft survival, and patient survival. A SFS graft was defined as a graft with a ratio of graft weight(GW) to recipient standard liver volume(RSLV)(GW/RSLV) of < 50%. The Urata formula was used to estimate *** Totally 218 patients were included for analysis, with 199 patients in the RL-LDLT group and 19 patients in the LL-LDLT group. The two groups were similar in terms of age(median, 53 years in the RL-LDLT group and 52 years in the LL-LDLT group, P = 0.997) but had significantly different ratios of men to women(165:34 in the RL-LDLT group and 8:11 in the LL-LDLT group, P < 0.0001). The two groups were also significantly different in GW(P < 0.0001), GW/RSLV(P < 0.0001), and graft cold ischemic time(P = 0.007). When it comes to postoperative complication, the groups were comparable(P = 0.105). Five patients died in hospital,4(2%) in the RL-LDLT group and 1(5.3%) in the LLLDLT group(P = 0.918). There were 38 graft losses, 33(16.6%) in the RL-LDLT group and 5(26.3%) in the LL-LDLT group(P = 0.452). The 5-year graft survival rate was significantly better in the RL-LDLT group(95.2% vs 89.5%, P = 0.049). The two groups had similar 5-year patient survival rates(RL-LDLT: 86.8%, LL-LDLT: 89.5%, P = 0.476).CONCLUSION The use of SFS graft in LDLT requires careful tailormade surgical planning and meticulous operation. LLLDLT can be a good alternative to RL-LDLT with similar recipient outcomes but a lower donor risk. Further research into different patient conditions is needed i

关键词： Small for size liver graft Right lobe graft Left lobe graft Living donor liver transplantation

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Management of chronic hepatitis B in severe liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第43期20卷 16053-16061页

作者： james fung Ching-Lung Lai Man-fung Yuen Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongQueen Mary Hospital

In the past few decades,chronic hepatitis B(CHB)has evolved from a disease that was untreatable and progressive,to one that can be easily controlled with antiviral ***,patients with severe liver disease still remain difficult to treat despite the availability of highly potent nucleos(t)ide *** include those with underlying cirrhosis,severe flares of CHB,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and for those undergoing liver *** those with established cirrhosis,antiviral therapy should be considered for all,as unpredictable flares can still occur,which can be fatal for those with advanced chronic liver ***,even with effective viral suppression,the development of HCC can still *** patients with severe flares of CHB,although the use of antiviral can improve long term outcomes,a significant proportion may still die without liver *** short term prognosis of these patients is dependent on both the severity of flare and underlying pre-existing liver *** patients with decompensated cirrhosis,liver failure secondary to severe flares,or those with HCC,liver transplantation may be *** liver transplantation,long term antiviral therapy is required to prevent graft loss from recurrent hepatitis B *** use of hepatitis B immune globulin(HBIG)in combination with an oral antiviral agent has been the mainstay of post-transplant antiviral regimen for over *** newer and more potent antiviral agents such as tenofovir and entecavir,use of these agents along with HBIG have demonstrated to be effective in preventing significant recurrence in the long term.

关键词： Antiviral therapy Cirrhosis Liver failure Liver transplantation Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer level predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development in E-negative chronic hepatitis B patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第11期25卷 1398-1408页

作者： Lung-Yi Mak Wai-Pan To Danny Ka-Ho wong james fung Fen Liu Wai-Kay Seto Ching-Lung Lai Man-fung Yuen Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong State Key Laboratory for Liver Research The University of Hong Kong

BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)development in chronic hepatitis B(CHB). Serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer(M2 BPGi) is a novel serological marker for fibrosis. The role of M2 BPGi in prediction of HCC is *** To examine the role of serum M2 BPGi in predicting HCC development in hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-negative *** Treatment-naive CHB patients with documented spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion were recruited. Serum M2 BPGi was measured at baseline(within3 years from HBeAg seroconversion), at 5 years and 10 years after HBeAg seroconversion and expressed as cut-off index(COI). Multivariate cox regression was performed to identify predictors for HCC development. ROC analysis was used to determine the cut-off value of M2 *** Among 207 patients(57% male, median age at HBeAg seroconversion 40 years old) with median follow-up of 13.1(11.8-15.5) years, the cumulative incidence of HCC at 15 years was 7%. Median M2 BPGi levels were significantly higher in patients with HCC compared to those without HCC(baseline: 1.39 COI vs 0.38 COI, P < 0.001; 5-year: 1.45 COI vs 0.47 COI, P < 0.001; 10-year: 1.20 COI vs 0.55 COI, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed age at HBeAg seroconversion[odds ratio(OR) = 1.196, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.034-1.382, P = 0.016] and baseline M2 BPGi(OR = 4.666, 95%CI: 1.296-16.802, P = 0.018) were significant factors predictive of HCC. Using a cut-off value of 0.68 COI, baseline M2 BPGi yielded AUROC of 0.883 with 91.7% sensitivity and 80.8% *** High serum M2 BPGi within 3 years after HBeAg seroconversion was a strong predictor for subsequent HCC development in treatment-naive HBeAg-negative CHB patients.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis B Liver fibrosis Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer Biomarker

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Era of direct acting antivirals in chronic hepatitis C: Who will benefit?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第24期7卷 2543-2550页

作者： james fung Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospitalthe University of Hong Kong Liver Transplant Center Queen Mary Hospital State Key Laboratory for Liver Research the University of Hong Kong

In the era of highly effective direct acting antiviral(DAA) drugs for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C(CHC) infection, where eradication is almost ensured with minimal side effects, all hepatitis C carriers should benefit theoretically. In the real world setting however, only a small proportion will benefit at this time point due to the multiple barriers to accessing therapy. Given that universal treatment is unlikely, treatment with DAAs will likely be restricted to those with the highest health benefits, and for those who can afford the high expense of a treatment course. Those with the highest unmet needs include those who have failed previous interferon-based therapy or who are interferon-ineligible with evidence of active disease, those with advance liver disease, and those with recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation. In the future, the focus should be on increasing access to treatment for those infected with CHC.

关键词： Treatment Direct acting antivirals Benefit Unmet n

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Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis:An indication for liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第4期21卷 396-398页

作者： wong Hoi She Wing Chiu Dai james YY fung Tan To Cheung Albert CY Chan Chung Mau Lo Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong102 Pok Fu Lam RoadHong KongChina

To the Editor:Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis(RPC),also known as Hong Kong disease[1],is an unique disease entity with a decreasing *** is characterized by the formation of intrahepatic biliary pigmented stones,which r... 详细信息

关键词： cholangitis obstruction liver

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Anaerobic biodegradation of PAHs in mangrove sediment with amendment of NaHCO_3

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第4期27卷 148-156页

作者： Chun-Hua Li Yuk-Shan wong Hong-Yuan Wang Nora fung-Yee Tam State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Department of Biology and Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Department of Biology The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory on Marine Pollution City University of Hong Kong

Mangrove sediment is unique in chemical and biological properties. Many of them suffer polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH） contamination. However, the study on PAH biological remediation for mangrove sediment is deficient. Enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium and electron acceptor amendment are considered as two effective measures. Compared to other electron acceptors, the study on CO2, which is used by methanogens, is still seldom. This study investigated the effect of Na HCO3 amendment on the anaerobic biodegradation of four mixed PAHs, namely fluorene（Fl）, phenanthrene（Phe）,fluoranthene（Flua） and pyrene（Pyr）, with or without enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium in mangrove sediment slurry. The trends of various parameters, including PAH concentrations, microbial population size, electron-transport system activities, electron acceptor and anaerobic gas production were monitored. The results revealed that the inoculation of enriched PAH-degrading consortium had a significant effect with half lives shortened by 7–13 days for 3-ring PAHs and 11–24 days for 4-ring PAHs. While Na HCO3 amendment did not have a significant effect on the biodegradation of PAHs and other parameters, except that CO2 gas in the headspace of experimental flasks was *** of the possible reasons is that mangrove sediment contains high concentrations of other electron acceptors which are easier to be utilized by anaerobic bacteria, the other one is that the anaerobes in mangrove sediment can produce enough CO2 gas even without adding Na HCO3.

关键词： Anaerobic biodegradation Electron acceptor amendment Mangrove sediment Na HCO3amendment Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

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