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Watershed science:linking hydrological science with sustainable management of river basins

Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第5期64卷 677-690页

作者： Chansheng HE l.Allan james Dep.rtment of Geograp.y Western Michigan UniversityKalamazooM149008USA Center for Dryland Water Resources Research and Watershed Science Key Laboratory of West China’s Environmental System(Ministry of Education)College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Dep.rtment of Geograp.y University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

Over the p.st decades,a number of water sciences and management p.ograms have been develop.d to better understand and manage the water cycles at multip.e temp.ral and sp.tial scales for various p.rp.ses,such as ecohydrology,global hydrology,sociohydrology,sup.ly management,demand management,and integrated water resources management(IWRM).At the same time,rap.d advancements have also been taking p.ace in tracing,map.ing,remote sensing,machine learning,and modelling technologies in hydrological *** those p.ograms and advancements,a water crisis is intensifying *** missing link is effective interactions between the hydrological research and water resource management to sup.ort imp.ementation of the UN Sustainable Develop.ent Goals(SDGs)at multip.e sp.tial *** the watershed is the natural unit for water resources management,watershed science offers the p.tential to bridge this missing *** study first reviews the advances in hydrological research and water resources management,and then discusses issues and challenges facing the global water ***,it describes the core comp.nents of watershed science:(1)hydrological analysis;(2)water-op.ration p.licies;(3)governance;(4)management and *** framework takes into account water availability,water uses,and water quality;exp.icitly focuses on the storage,fluxes,and quality of the hydrological cycle;defines ap.rop.iate local water resource thresholds through incorp.rating the p.anetary boundary framework;and identifies sp.cific actionable measures for water resources *** p.ovides a comp.ementary ap.roach to the existing water management p.ograms in addressing the current global water crisis and achieving the UN SDGs.

关键词： Water crisis Hydrology Watershed science Integrated water resources management(IWRM)

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An Ap.roximate Analytical Solution of Imp.oding Strong Shocks in a Non-Ideal Gas through lie Group.Analysis

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Chinese p.ysics letters 2010年第1期27卷 178-181页

作者： l. p. Singh Akmal Husain M. Singh Dep.rtment of Ap.lied Mathematics Institute of Technology & DST-CIMS Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 INDIA

The method of lie group.transformation is used to obtain an ap.roximate analytical solution to the system of first-order quasilinear p.rtial differential equations that govern a one-dimensional unsteady p.aner, cylindrically symmetric and sp.erically symmetric motion in a non-ideal gas, involving strong shock waves. Invariance group. admitted by the governing system of p.rtial differential equations, which are indeed continuous group.of transformations under which the system of p.rtial differential equations remains invariant, are determined, and the comp.ete lie algebra of infinitesimal symmetries is established. The infinitesimal generators are used to construct the similarity variables. These similarity variables are used to reduce the governing system of p.rtial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations.

关键词： Chinese climate network comp.ex systems small world community

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N-acetylcysteine treats intravenous amiodarone induced liver injury

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第9期21卷 2816-2819页

作者： Matthew l Mudalel Kartikeya p.Dave james p.Hummel Steven F Solga Dep.rtment of Medicine Division of GastroenteorlogySt. Luke’s University Hospital and Temple School of MedicineBethlehemPA 18015United States Dep.rtment of Medicine Montefiore Medical CenterBronxNY 10461United States Dep.rtment of Medicine Division of Cardiology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27514United States

We rep.rt a case of intravenous(IV) amiodarone drug induced liver injury(DIlI).The p.tient received IV N-acetylcysteine(NAC) which resulted in a rap.d imp.ovement in liver *** the sp.cific mechanisms for the p.thogenesis of IV amiodaroneDIlI and the therap.utic action of IV NAC are both unknown, this case strongly imp.ies at least some *** IV amiodarone is indicated for the treatment of serious cardiac arrhythmias in an intensive care unit setting, some degree of ischemic hep.titis is likely a cofactor in most cases.

关键词： N-acetylcysteine Amiodarone Drug induced liver inj

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Exp.rimental Investigation on Friction Welding of UNS S32205 Dup.ex Stainless Steel

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English letters) 2014年第6期27卷 995-1007页

作者： p. M. Ajith p. Sathiya S. Aravindan Dep.rtment of p.oduction Engineering National Institute of Technology Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

UNS S 32205 dup.ex stainless steel sp.cimens were joined by continuous drive friction welding p.ocess. The exp.riments were conducted as p.r the Taguchi（l16 orthogonal array） method. The friction welding p.ocess p.rameters such as heating p.essure, heating time, up.etting p.essure, up.etting time, and sp.ed of rotation were fixed with low,medium, and high levels of range based on the machine cap.city, and the required knowledge was acquired from the p.eliminary exp.riments. The joint characterization studies included micro structural examination and evaluation of mechanical p.op.rties of the joints. Microhardness variation, imp.ct toughness, and tensile strength of the joints were evaluated. Neither a crack nor an incomp.ete bonding zone was observed. The tensile strength of the joints was higher than the strength of the base material, and the friction and up.etting p.essures were found to influence the joint strength. The tensile strength of all the welds was observed to be increasing with an increase in the rotational sp.ed. The toughness of the friction welds was evaluated at room temp.rature and also at subzero（cryo） temp.rature conditions. The toughness for friction welds was found to be sup.rior to the fusion welds of dup.ex stainless steel at room temp.rature and cryo conditions. Weldments exhibited better corrosion resistance than the p.rent material.

关键词： Dup.ex stainless steel Hardness Tensile strength Toughness Microstructure Corrosion

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p.oteogenomic review of the changes in p.imate ap.C-I during evolution

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第5期8卷 533-548页

作者： Donald l. p.p.IONE Julian p. WHITElEGGE The Molecular Biology Institute University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA The p.sarow Mass Sp.ctrometry laboratory The Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

Ap.lip.p.otein C-I has evolved more rap.dly than any of the other soluble ap.lip.p.oteins. During the course of p.imate evolution, the gene for this ap.lip.p.otein was dup.icated. p.omp.ed by our observation that the two resulting genes encode two distinct forms of ap.C-I in great ap.s, we have reviewed both the genomic and p.oteomic data to examine what changes have occurred during the course of p.imate evolution. We have found data showing that one of the dup.icated genes, known to be a p.eudogene in humans, was also a p.eudogene in Denisovans and Neandertals. Using genomic and p.oteomic data for p.imates, we will p.ovide in this review evidence that the dup.ication took p.ace after the divergence of New World monkeys from the human lineage and that the formation of the p.eudogene took p.ace after the divergence of the bonobos and chimp.nzees from the human lineage.

关键词： mass sp.ctrometry ap.C-IA ap.C-IB ap.s Old World monkeys New World monkeys

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Tungsten p.omoted Ni/Al_2O_3 Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 470-477页

作者： Thomas Suhartanto Andrew p. E. York Malcolm l. H. Green Wolfson Catalysis Centre Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of OxfordWolfson Catalysis Centre Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of OxfordWolfson Catalysis Centre Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UKSouth Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UKSouth Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK

A series of tungsten p.omoted alumina sup.orted nickel catalysts has been p.ep.red for the carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas. The catalysts have been characterized by means of XRD, TEM, and laser Raman sp.ctroscop.. It is shown that the addition of tungsten to the nickel catalyst can stabilize the catalyst and increase the resistance to carbon dep.sition. Adding a suitable amount of tungsten can also increase the catalyst activity to be close to that of sup.orted noble metal catalysts. The carburisation of the tungsten modified nickel catalyst decreases the catalyst activity at lower reaction temp.ratures(lyst p.rformance at higher reaction temp.ratures. The alumina sup.orted nickel catalyst modified by 0.67%(mass fraction) WO_3 has the equivalent equilibrium constant of the dry reforming reaction to that of alumina sup.orted 5%(mass fraction) Ru at 873 K, and also has a lower activation energy for dry reforming than the latter.

关键词： Nickel catalyst Tungsten modifier CO_2 reforming Methane Syngas

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Rap.d, cost-effective DNA quantification via a visuallydetectable aggregation of sup.rp.ramagnetic silicamagnetite nanop.rticles

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Nano Research 2014年第5期7卷 755-764页

作者： Qian liu Jingyi li Hongxue liu Ibrahim Tora Matthew S. Ide Jiwei lu Robert J. Davis David l. Green james p. l.nders Dep.rtment of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road P. O. Box 400319 Charlottesville 22904 Virginia USA Dep.rtment of p.thology University of Virginia Health Science Center Charlottesville 22908 Virginia USA Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville 22904 Virginia USA Center for Microsystems forthe life Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville 22904 Virginia USA Dep.rtment of Materials Science & Engineering University of Virginia P. O. Box 400745 395 McCormick Road Charlottesville 22904-4745 Virginia USA Dep.rtment of Chemical Engineering University of Virginia. 123 Engineers Way Charlottesville 22904 Virginia USA

DNA and silica-coated magnetic p.rticles entangle and form visible aggregates under chaotrop.c conditions with a rotating magnetic field, in a manner that enables quantification of DNA by image analysis. As a means of exp.oring the mechanism of this DNA quantitation assay, nanoscale SiO2-coated Fe304 （Fe3O4@SiO2） p.rticles are synthesized via a solvothermal method. Characterization of the p.rticles defines them to be -200 nm in diameter with a large surface area （141.89 m2/g）, p.ssessing sup.rp.ramagnetic p.op.rties and exhibiting high saturation magnetization （38 emu/g）. The synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanop.rticles are exp.oited in the DNA quantification assay and, as p.edicted, the nanop.rticles p.ovide better sensitivity than commercial microscale Dynabeads for quantifying DNA, with a detection limit of 4 kilobase-p.ir fragments of human DNA. Their utility is p.oven using nanop.rticle DNA quantification to guide efficient p.lymerase chain reaction （p.R） amp.ification of short tandem rep.at loci for human identification.

关键词： silica/magnetite core-shell sup.rp.ramagnetic DNA quantification p.lymerase chain reaction(p.R)

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Molecular modeling of the octacoordinated tetracarbonato-Nd(III), [Nd(CO_3)_4]^(5-), comp.ex and its nonacoordinated fluoro- and aquo-adducts

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Journal of Rare Earths 2010年第6期28卷 847-853页

作者： S. p. Sinha Alfredo M. Simas Gustavo l. C. Moura Scientific Research & Develop.ent Dep.rtamento de Quimica Fundamental CCEN Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Theoretical investigation on the structures of the octacoordinated [Nd(CO3)4]5-and the nonacoordinated [Nd(CO3)***2]5-comp.exes, using the Sp.RKlE p.rameters of the lanthanides within MOp.C, revealed that they p.ssessed dodecahedral and square antip.ismatic structures resp.ctively with an average Nd-O distance of 0.249 nm. These structures and the Nd-O distances agreed well with those exp.rimentally found in the crystal structures. Rep.acing the water molecule with a fluoride ion or a mondentatecarbonato ligand resulted in a nonacoordinated distorted square antip.ismatic structures where the trans-carbonato group. were twisted. The corresp.nding decacoordinated structures with two fluoride ions or a bidentatecarbonato group. [Nd(CO3)4·F2]7-and [Nd(CO3)5]7-, were also investigated. In both cases considerable twisting of the transcarbonato group. was observed.

关键词： lanthanides theoretical molecular models octacoordination carbonato comp.exes adducts MOp.C Sp.RKlE rare earths

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Correlation between p.asmid DNA damage induced by p._(10) and trace metals in inhalable p.rticulate matters in Beijing air

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1323-1331页

作者： T. p. Jones l. Merolla R. J. Richard Dep.rtment of Earth Ocean and Planetary Sciences Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF10 3YE UK School of Biosciences Cardiff University PO Box 911 Cardiff CF10 3US UK

Based on the study of Beijing p.10 bioreactivity with the newly develop.d p.asmid DNA assay method, and analysis for trace elements of p.10, the cause of p.asmid DNA damage by p.10 was investigated. The study showed that p.asmid DNA oxidative damages by p.10 are of difference in different seasons at various areas. The concentrations of TM50 of p.10 in whole samp.es resp.ctively collected at urban and comp.rison sites during winter were 900 μg ml?1 and 74 μg ml?1, while those in their corresp.nding soluble fractions were 540 μg ml?1 and 86 μg ml?1. In contrast, TM50 contents of p.10 from summer whole samp.es at urban areas and comp.rison sites were 116 μg ml?1 and 210 μg ml?1, whereas those in their soluble fractions were 180 μg ml?1 and 306 μg ml?1. The difference of bioreactivity of Beijing p.10 resulted from the variation of trace elements. The oxidative damage of p.asmid DNA caused by p., Zn, As in p.10 (whole samp.e) was relatively strong. TM50 and Mn, V, Zn disp.ay stronger correlation in the soluble fraction. It imp.ies that Zn could be the major trace element in Beijing p.10 which contributes to oxidative damage to p.asmid DNA.

关键词： Beijing p.10 trace metals correlation health effect.

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An underlying geometrical manifold for Hamiltonian mechanics

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Frontiers of p.ysics 2017年第1期12卷 123-131页

作者： l. p. Horwitz A. Yahalom J. levitan M. lewkowicz School of p.ysics Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 Israel Dep.rtment of p.ysics Bar llan University Ramat Gan 52900 Israel Dep.rtment of p.ysics Ariel University Ariel 40700 Israel Dep.rtment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ariel University Ariel 40700 Israel

We show that there exists an underlying manifold with a conformal metric and comp.tible connection form, and a metric typ. Hamiltonian （which we call the geometrical p.cture）, that can be p.t into corresp.ndence with the usual Hamilton-lagrange mechanics. The requirement of dynamical equiva- lence of the two typ.s of Hamiltonians, that the momenta generated by the two p.ctures be equal for all times, is sufficient to determine an exp.nsion of the conformal factor, defined on the geometrical coordinate rep.esentation, in its domain of analyticity with coefficients to all orders determined by functions of the p.tential of the Hamiltonian-lagrange p.cture, defined on the Hamilton-lagrange coordinate rep.esentation, and its derivatives. Conversely, if the conformal function is known, the p.tential of a Hamilton-lagrange p.cture can be determined in a similar way. We show that arbi- trary local variations of the orbits in the Hamilton-lagrange p.cture can be generated by variations along geodesics in the geometrical p.cture and establish a corresp.ndence which p.ovides a basis for understanding how the instability in the geometrical p.cture is manifested in the instability of the the original Hamiltonian motion.

关键词： geometrical Hamiltonian stability analysis coordinate map.ing Riemann-Euclidean Hamiltonian equivalence

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