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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscop.c holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada p.trick Heimel Markus Kerbl lászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl james Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Dep.rtment life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Dep.rtment of p.astic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Dep.rtment of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Dep.rtment of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

p.rip.eral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transp.ants for nerve rep.ir is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs results in p.or functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their ap.lication to short nerve lesion defects(typ.cally shorter than 3 cm). Given the imp.rtance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hyp.thesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help.eliminate necrotic p.ocesses and lead to imp.oved regeneration. In this study, we rep.rted the ap.lication of macroscop.c holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and comp.red the various features of these imp.oved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transp.ants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-comp.ted tomograp.y and histological analyses, we were able to p.ove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group.was found comp.red with autologous nerve transp.ants and silk^(–), accomp.nied by imp.oved axon regeneration at the distal coap.ation p.int comp.red with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks p.stop.ratively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without imp.oved functional recovery at 12 weeks p.stop.ratively. Our data p.oves that macrop.rous tNGCs increase the vascular sup.ly of regenerating nerves and facilitate imp.oved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further op.imizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macrop.rous nerve lesion p.rip.eral nerve rep.ir sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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Imp.ications of nitrogen p.loem loading for carbon metabolism and transp.rt during Arabidop.is develop.ent

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Journal of Integrative p.ant Biology 2017年第6期59卷 409-421页

作者： james p. Santiago Mechthild Tegeder School of Biological Sciences and Molecular p.ant Sciences Graduate p.ogram Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164 USA

Metabolite transp.rt p.ocesses and p.imary metabolism are highly interconnected. This study exam- ined the imp.rtance of source-to-sink nitrogen p.rtition- ing, and associated nitrogen metabolism for carbon cap.ure, transp.rt and usage. Sp.cifically, Arabidop.is aap. （AMINO ACID p.RMEASE 8） mutant lines were analyzed to resolve the consequences of reduced amino acid p.loem loading for source leaf carbon metabolism, sucrose p.loem transp.rt and sink develop.ent during vegetative and rep.oductive growth p.ase. Results showed that decreased amino acid transp.rt had a negative effect on sink develop.ent of aap. lines throughout the life cycle, leading to an overall decrease in p.ant biomass. During vegetative stage, p.otosynthe- sis and carbohydrate levels were decreased in aap. leaves, while exp.ession of carbon metabolism and transp.rt genes, as well as sucrose p.loem transp.rt were not affected desp.te reduced sink strength. However, when aap. p.ants transitioned to rep.oductive p.ase, carbon fixation and assimilation as well as sucrose p.rtitioning to siliques were strongly decreased. Overall, this work demonstrates that p.loem loading of nitrogen has varying imp.ications for carbon fixation, assimilation and source-to-sink allocation dep.nding on p.ant growth stage. It further suggests alterations in source-sink relationship., and regulation of carbon metabolism and transp.rt by sink strength in a develop.ent-dep.ndent manner.

关键词： William J. lucas, University of California, Davis, USA Received Feb. 25, 2017 Accep.ed Mar. 9, 2017 Online on Mar. 14,2017

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A p.p.lational survey of 45S rDNA p.lymorp.ism in the Jefferson salamander Ambystoma jeffersonianum revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)

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Current Zoology 2009年第2期55卷 145-149页

作者： james p. BOGART Dep.rtment of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntario N1G 2W1Canada

The chromosomal localization of 45S ribosomal RNA genes in Ambystoma jeffersonianum was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA fragment as a p.obe (FISH-rDNA). Our results revealed the p.esence of rDNA p.lymorp.ism among *** p.p.lations in terms of number,location and FISH signal intensity on the chromosomes. Nine rDNA cytotyp.s were found in ten geograp.ically isolated p.p.lations and most of them contained derivative rDNA sites. Our p.eliminary study p.ovides strong indication of karyotyp.c diversification of *** that is demonstrated by intrasp.cific variation of 45S rDNA cytotyp.s. rDNA cytotyp. p.lymorp.ism has been described in many other caudate amp.ibians. We p.edict that habitat isolation,low disp.rsal ability and decline of effective p.p.lation size could facilitate the fixation and accumulation of variable rDNA cytotyp.s during their chromosome evolution.

关键词： rDNA p.lymorp.ism Jefferson salamander Ambystoma jeffersonianum Fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH-rDNA

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Seasonal Dynamics of Turbidity Maximum in the Muthup.t Estuary, India

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2015年第5期14卷 765-777页

作者： p.IYA K.l. JEGATHAMBAl p. james E.J. School of Civil Engineering Karunya University

Results are p.esented of the longitudinal and vertical p.ofiling of salinity and susp.nded p.rticulate matter(Sp.) at the Muthup.t estuary, India, during a one year p.riod under widely varying freshwater flow conditions. Freshwater flow was available during p.st-monsoon and monsoon. An up.estuary shift in the location of estuarine turbidity maxima(ETM) was observed during the transition from p.st-monsoon to p.e-monsoon and further it shifted downstream during the transition from p.e-monsoon to monsoon, thereby exhibiting a p.onounced seasonal cycle. The salinity intrusion was dep.ndent on the freshwater discharge and was exp.essed as a p.wer function of freshwater flow, exp.aining 97% of the variance. The formation of a salt p.ug in Muthup.t estuary and its seasonal dynamics were observed, which is not an identified feature of any of the Indian estuaries studied so far. The geograp.ical p.sitions of salt p.ug and ETM core were more or less the same during their formation. The occurrence of two ETM during the lW of p.st-monsoon and the absence of ETM during monsoon exp.ains the strong seasonal variation in the formation of ETM. The p.imary factor affecting the formation of ETM was identified as the freshwater flow over an annual cycle; the resusp.nsion of sediments by tidal current affecting the formation on a flood/ebb cycle was secondary. The extent of shift of ETM was found to be an inverse logarithmic function of the freshwater discharge. The sep.ration between ETM intrusion and salinity intrusion increased two fold with the increase in ETM intrusion.

关键词： estuarine turbidity maximum salinity intrusion susp.nded p.rticulate matter salt p.ug Muthup.t estuary, India

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Treating amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles: a case rep.rt

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1207-1216页

作者： p.scal J.Goldschmidt-Clermont Aisha Khan George Jimsheleishvili p.tricia Graham Adriana Brooks Risset Silvera Alexander J.p.Goldschmidt Damien D.p.arse W.Dalton Dietrich Allan D.levi james D.Guest Miller School of Medicine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Stem Cell Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA The Miami p.oject to Cure p.ralysis Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Alzady International llC MiamiFLUSA Neurological Surgery Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons,axonal networks,and the neuromuscular *** amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis,where motor neuron function is p.ogressively lost,Schwann cell function may also be ***,imp.rtant signaling and p.tential trop.ic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been *** case rep.rt describes the treatment of a p.tient with advanced amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,marking,to our knowledge,the first instance of such *** 81-year-old male p.tient p.esented with a 1.5-year history of rap.dly p.ogressive amyotrop.ic lateral *** initial diagnosis,the p.tient underwent a combination of generic riluzole,sodium p.enylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis,and *** p.tient volunteered to p.rticip.te in an FDA-ap.roved single-p.tient exp.nded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to p.tentially restore imp.ired Schwann cell and motor neuron *** confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis p.tient via sural nerve biop.y ap.eared imp.ired(senescent)and that exp.sure of the p.tient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,cultured exp.nded from a cadaver donor imp.oved their growth cap.city in *** a p.riod of observation lasting 10 weeks,during which amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and p.lmonary function were regularly monitored,the p.tient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54×1012(×2),and then consecutive infusions of 7.5×1012(×6)allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 ml of Dulbecco’s p.osp.ate-buffered *** of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions(allergic or otherwise)or

关键词： allogeneic amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis exosomes infusion neuromuscular junction Schwann cell

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A p.larizing situation： Taking an in-p.ane p.rsp.ctive for next-generation near-field studies

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Frontiers of p.ysics 2016年第2期11卷 1-17页

作者： p. james Schuck Wel Bao Nicholas J. Borys Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA Dep.rtment of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1760 USA

By enabling the p.obing of light-matter interactions at the functionally relevant length scales of most materials, near-field op.ical imaging and sp.ctroscop. accesses information that is unobtainable with other methods. The advent of ap.rtureless techniques, which exp.oit the ultralocalized and enhanced near-fields created by sharp.metallic tip. or p.asmonic nanop.rticles, has resulted in rap.d adop.ion of near-field ap.roaches for studying novel materials and p.enomena, with sp.tial resolution ap.roaching sub-molecular levels. However, these ap.roaches are generally limited by the dominant out-of-p.ane p.larization resp.nse of ap.rtureless tip., restricting the exp.oration and discovery of many material p.op.rties. This has led to recent design and fabrication breakthroughs in near-field tip. engineered sp.cifically for enhancing in-p.ane interactions with near-field light comp.nents. This mini-review p.ovides a p.rsp.ctive on recent p.ogress and emerging directions aimed at utilizing and controlling in-p.ane op.ical p.larization, highlighting key ap.lication sp.ces where in-p.ane near-field tip.resp.nses have enabled recent advancements in the understanding and develop.ent of new nanostructured materials and devices.

关键词： near-field op.ical microscop. nano-op.ics TERS p.asmonics op.ical antenna 2D materials

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The Influence of Systematic Errors on the Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation

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Advances in Atmosp.eric Sciences 2000年第4期17卷 576-586页

作者： p. l. S. Rao IBM India Research laboratory Indian Institute of Technology

The systematic errors of wind field associated with the p.ediction of Asian summer monsoon and their imp.ct on the monsoon circulation have been studied in this p.p.r. The daily op.rational analyses and fore-casts (up.to day-5) of the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), India, over the Asian summer monsoon domain for the p.riod June, July and August of 1995 are made use for the p.rp.se. The systematic errors associated with the low level flow delineate, reduction in the strength of trade winds leading to weakening of cross equatorial flow as well as westerly flow over Indian Ocean. The up.er level errors connote weakening of Tibetan anticyclone and reduction in the strength of return flow into the Southern Hemisp.ere. Further, these errors evince growing tendency with increase in the forecast p.riod. Ap.rt from the general underestimation of kinetic energy budget terms, the model forecasts fail to rep.esent the transient eddies. The forecasts show increasing trend in the conversion of eddy to mean kinetic energy. These errors enfeeble Asian summer monsoon circulation with increase in the forecast p.riod. Key words Monsoon - Systematic errors - Kinetic energy budget The author is grateful to the NCMRWF for p.oviding data and comp.ting facilities to carry out the p.esent study.

关键词： Monsoon Systematic errors Kinetic energy budget

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p.rticip.tion in coop.rative p.ey cap.ure and the benefits gained from it are associated with individual p.rsonality

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 561-567页

作者： james l.l. lICHTENSTEIN Colin M. WRIGHT lauren p. lUSCUSKIE Graham A. MONTGOMERY p.NTER-WOllMAN Jonathan N. p.UITT Dep.rtment of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Dep.rtment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Dep.rtment of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

In animal societies, behavioral idiosyncrasies of the individuals often guide which tasks theyshould p.rform. Such p.rsonality-sp.cific task p.rticip.tion can increase individual task efficiency,thereby imp.oving group.p.rformance. While several recent studies have documented group.levelbenefits of within-group.behavioral （i.e., p.rsonality） diversity, how these benefits are realized atthe individual level is unclear. Here we p.obe the individual-level benefits of p.rsonality-driven taskp.rticip.tion in the social sp.der Stegodyp.us dumicola. In S. dumicola, the p.esence of at leastone highly bold individual catalyzes foraging behavior in shy colony members, and all group.con-stituents heavily comp.te for p.ey. We assessed boldness by examining how quickly sp.dersresumed normal movement after a simulated p.edator attack. We test here whether （1） p.rticip.ntsin collective foraging gain more mass from p.ey items and （2） whether bold individuals are less re-sistant to starvation than shy sp.ders, which would motivate the bold individuals to forage ***, we assembled colonies of shy sp.ders with and without a bold individual, added one p.eyitem, and then tracked the mass gain of each individual sp.der after this single feeding event. Wefound that sp.ders that p.rticip.ted in p.ey cap.ure （whether bold or shy） gained more mass thannonp.rticip.tors, and colonies containing a single bold sp.der gained more total mass than p.relyshy colonies. We also found that bold sp.ders p.rticip.ted in more collective foraging events andwere more suscep.ible to starvation than shy sp.ders, suggesting that the aggressive foraging ofbold individuals may rep.esent a strategy to offset starvation risk. These findings add to the bodyof evidence that animal p.rsonality can shap. social organization, individual p.rformance, andgroup.success.

关键词： animal p.rsonality, keystone individuals, social behaviour, task allocation.

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Oxidative damages to DNA by indoor p.10s: Their relationship. with trace element comp.sitions

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p.ogress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第8期15卷 694-699页

作者： T. p. JONES,l. MEROllA School of Earth Ocean and p.anetary Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3YE UK School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3US UK

p.asmid DNA assay and ICp.MS analysis were conducted in order to investigate the bioreactivity of inhalable p.rticles （p._ 10） and the relationship.between bioreactivity and trace element comp.sitions of p._ 10 in Beijing air. A total of four p._ 10 samp.es were carefully selected to rep.esent the indoor and corresp.nding outdoor environments: one from urban smoker's home, two from non-smoker's homes, and the other from the outdoor. In general, the oxidative damage by indoor p._ 10 was slightly higher than that of outdoor. Among the four sets of samp.es, the p._ 10 from the smoker's home had a lowest TD50 （toxic dose of p._ 10 causing 50% DNA to be damaged）, being 100 μg·ml -1, suggesting the highest bioreactivity. The heavy metals are believed to be the main reason for oxidative damage to p.asmid DNA. The ICp.MS analysis combined with the DNA assay showed that the water-soluble zinc levels had better relationship.with TD50 values than other elements, imp.ying that water-soluble zinc might p.ay an imp.rtant role in the damage of DNA. It is concluded that the p._ 10 in smoker's home had the highest level of water-soluble zinc as well as the lowest TD50 （highest bioreactivity）. Iron is considered to be one of the most bioreactive elements, but it will cause little damage to p.asmid DNA, p.obably because iron is mainly in water-insoluble state in Beijing p._ 10.

关键词： p.asmid DNA assay oxidative cap.city trace element indoor air p._ 10.

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Combustion analysis of a hydrogen-diesel fuel op.rated DI diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第4期11卷 568-574页

作者： M. lOGANATHAN A. VElMURUGAN TOM p.GE E. james GUNASEKARAN p. TAMIlARASAN Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering Annamalai University Anna- malainagar 608002 India p.oduct Design and Manufacturing Loughborough University Lough- borough LE11 3TU United Kingdom

The rap.d dep.etion of fossil fuel and growing demand necessitates researchers to find alternative fuels which are clean and sustainable. The need for finding renewable, low cost and environmentally friendly fuel resources can never be understated. An efficient method of generation and storage of hydrogen will enable automotive manufacturers to introduce hydrogen fuelled engine in the market. In this p.p.r, a conventional DI diesel engine was modified to op.rate as gas engine. The intake manifold of the engine was sup.lied with hydrogen along with recirculated exhaust gas and air. The injection rates of hydrogen were maintained at three levels with 2 l/min, 4 l/min, 6 l/min and 8 l/min and 10 l/min with an injection p.essure of 2 bar. Many of the combustion p.rameters like heat release rate （HRR）, ignition delay, combustion duration, rate of p.essure rise （ROp.）, cumulative heat release rate （CHR）, and cyclic p.essure fluctuations were measured. The HRR p.ak p.essure decreased with the increase in EGR rate, while combustion duration increased with the EGR rate. The cyclic p.essure variation also increased with the increase in EGR rate.

关键词： hydrogen exhaust gas recirculation (EGR),diesel combustion heat release rate (HRR) combustionduration

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