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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2018年第4期2卷 312-321页

作者： Jianghao Sun mengliang Zhang Nicola Kubzdela Yaguang Luo james m.harnly Pei Chen US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterFood Composition and Methods Development LaboratoryBeltsvilleMD 20705USA Department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee State UniversityMurfreesboroTN 37132USA US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceFood Quality Lab/Environmental Microbial and Food Safety LabBeltsvilleMD 20705USA

Lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world and different management practice can result in considerable variability of the secondary *** injection mass spectrometry(FImS)combined with analysis of variance-principle component analysis(ANOVA-PCA)was used to study differences in the secondary metabolites originat-ing from different lighting conditions(Sunlight,white light,and florescent light)and lettuce varieties(Romaine and Lollo Rossa).Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry was used for putative marker compound *** acid,caffeic acid,chlorogenic acid,L-chicoric acid,and quercetin malonyl gluco-side varied significantly for Romaine lettuce grown under different light *** study showed that the combination of FImS fingerprinting and ANOVA-PCA can be a useful tool for the characterization of the sources of variance in plant materials regarding to genetic,environmental,and management factors.

关键词： Lettuce Lactuca sativa L. Flow injection mass spectrometric fingerprinting ANOVA-PCA

灯盏花及其药物灯盏花素中酚类成分的鉴定和含量测定(英文)

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天然产物研究与开发 2015年第6期27卷 962-970页

作者：张人伟樊献俄李来伟林隆泽 james m.harnly 昆明龙津药业股份有限公司昆明650091 e人类营养研究中心食品成分和测定方法研究实验室 USA20705

本研究采用一个标准高效液相色谱质谱(HPLC-PDA-ESI/mS)分析方法和酚类成分定量方法确定了灯盏花中的33个肉桂酸衍生物和16个黄酮类化合物,灯盏花素中18个黄酮类化合物。使用干燥后的绿原酸(326 nm)作为标准品,根据326 nm处紫外吸收峰... 详细信息

本研究采用一个标准高效液相色谱质谱(HPLC-PDA-ESI/mS)分析方法和酚类成分定量方法确定了灯盏花中的33个肉桂酸衍生物和16个黄酮类化合物,灯盏花素中18个黄酮类化合物。使用干燥后的绿原酸(326 nm)作为标准品,根据326 nm处紫外吸收峰相对强度和克分子(mole)相对响应因子(mRRF)确定了每个肉桂酸衍生物的含量。以同样的方式,使用干燥后的芹菜素(336 nm)和芦丁(354 nm)确定了8个芹菜素,3个木犀草素,3个黄酮醇3-糖苷和7-葡萄糖醛酸苷的含量。这是首次报道十余微量黄酮类化合物存在于灯盏花素,以及灯盏花全植物中每个酚类化合物的含量。

关键词：灯盏花全草灯盏花素肉桂酸衍生物黄酮苷 HPLC-PDA-ESI/mS 含量测定

Toward the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Real-Time Customization

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2020年第2期29卷 127-142页

作者： james m.Tien College of Engineering University of MiamiCoral GablesFlorida 33146USA

The outputs of a national economy can be partitioned into three sets of products:tangible goods(due to manufacturing,construction,extraction and agriculture),intangible services(due to an act of useful effort),and an integration of services and goods or,as initially defined by Tien(2012),***,these products can also be considered in terms of their relation to the first three Industrial Revolutions:the First Industrial Revolution(circa 1800)was primarily focused on the production of goods;the Second Industrial Revolution(circa 1900)was primarily focused on the mass production of goods;and the Third Industrial Revolution(circa 2000)has been primarily focused on the mass customization of goods,services or *** this follow-up paper,the Third Industrial Revolution of mass customization continues to accelerate in its evolution and,in many respects,is subsuming the earlier Industrial Revolutions of production and mass *** importantly,with the advent of real-time decision making,artificial intelligence,Internet of Things,mobile networks,and other advanced digital technologies,customization has been extensively enabled,thereby advancing mass customization into a Fourth Industrial Revolution of real-time ***,the moral,ethical,security and employment problems associated with both mass and real-time customization must be carefully assessed and mitigated,especially in regard to unintended *** ahead and with the advance of artificial general intelligence,this Fourth Industrial Revolution could be forthcoming in about the middle of the 21st Century;it would allow for multiple activities to be simultaneously tackled in real-time and in a customized manner.

关键词： Industrial revolutions big data goods services servgoods connected production mass customization real-time decision making Internet of Things artificial intelligence general

THE NEXT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:INTEGRATED SERVICES AND GOODS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2012年第3期21卷 257-296页

作者： james m.TIEN College of Engineering University of MiamiCoral GablesFlorida 33146USA

The outputs or products of an economy can be divided into services products ana gooas products （due to manufacturing, construction, agriculture and mining）. To date, the services and goods products have, for the most part, been separately mass produced. However, in contrast to the first and second industrial revolutions which respectively focused on the development and the mass production of goods, the next - or third - industrial revolution is focused on the integration of services and/or goods; it is beginning in this second decade of the 21st Century. The Third Industrial Revolution （TIR） is based on the confluence of three major technological enablers （i.e., big data analytics, adaptive services and digital manufacturing）; they underpin the integration or mass customization of services and/or goods. As detailed in an earlier paper, we regard mass customization as the simultaneous and real-time management of supply and demand chains, based on a taxonomy that can be defined in terms of its underpinning component and management foci. The benefits of real-time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable and are co-produced - as ＂servgoods＂ - in real-time, resulting in an overwhelming economic advantage to the industrialized countries where the consuming customers are at the same time the co-producing producers.

关键词： Big data decision analytics goods adaptive services digital manufacturing value chain supply chain demand chain mass production mass customization industrial revolution

ON INTEGRATION AND ADAPTATION IN COmPLEX SERVICE SYSTEmS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2008年第4期17卷 385-415页

作者： james m.TIEN College of Engineering University of miami Coral GablesFloridaUSA

The services sector employs a large and growing proportion of workers in the industrialized nations, and it is increasingly dependent on information and communication technologies. While the interdependences, similarities and complementarities of manufacturing and services are significant, there are considerable differences between goods and services, including the shift in focus from mass production to mass customization （whereby a service is produced and delivered in response to a customer＇s stated or imputed needs）. In general, services can be considered to be knowledge-intensive agents or components which work together as providers and consumers to create or co-produce value. Like manufacturing systems, an efficient service system must be an integrated system of systems, leading to greater connectivity and interdependence. Integration must occur over the physical, temporal, organizational and functional dimensions, and must include methods concerned with the component, the management, and the system. moreover, an effective service system must also be an adaptable system, leading to greater value and responsiveness. Adaptation must occur over the dimensions of monitoring, feedback, cybernetics and learning, and must include methods concerned with space, time, and system. In sum, service systems are indeed complex, especially due to the uncertainties associated with the human-centered aspects of such systems. moreover, the system complexities can only be dealt with methods that enhance system integration and adaptation. The paper concludes with several insights, including a plea to shift the current misplaced focus on developing a science or discipline for services to further developing a systems engineering approach to services, an approach based on the integration and adaptation of a host of sciences or disciplines （e.g., physics, mathematics, statistics, psychology, sociology, etc.）. In fact, what is required is a services-related transdisciplinary - beyond a s

关键词： Services service system system components system integration system adaptation system of systems decision informatics real-time decision making

BIG DATA:UNLEASHING INFORmATION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2013年第2期22卷 127-151页

作者： james m.TIEN College of Engineering University of Miami

At present, it is projected that about 4 zettabytes （or 10^＊＊21 bytes） of digital data are being generated per year by everything from underground physics experiments to retail transactions to security cameras to global positioning systems. In the U. S., major research programs are being funded to deal with big data in all five sectors （i.e., services, manufacturing, construction, agriculture and mining） of the economy. Big Data is a term applied to data sets whose size is beyond the ability of available tools to undertake their acquisition, access, analytics and/or application in a reasonable amount of time. Whereas Tien （2003） forewarned about the data rich, information poor （DRIP） problems that have been pervasive since the advent of large-scale data collections or warehouses, the DRIP conundrum has been somewhat mitigated by the Big Data approach which has unleashed information in a manner that can support informed - yet, not necessarily defensible or valid - decisions or choices. Thus, by somewhat overcoming data quality issues with data quantity, data access restrictions with on-demand cloud computing, causative analysis with correlative data analytics, and model-driven with evidence-driven applications, appropriate actions can be undertaken with the obtained information. New acquisition, access, analytics and application technologies are being developed to further Big Data as it is being employed to help resolve the 14 grand challenges （identified by the National Academy of Engineering in 2008）, underpin the 10 breakthrough technologies （compiled by the massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2013） and support the Third Industrial Revolution of mass customization.

关键词： Big data data acquisition data access data analytics data application decision informatics products processes adaptive services digital manufacturing mass customization third industrial revolution

VIEWING URBAN DISRUPTIONS FROm A DECISION INFORmATICS PERSPECTIVE

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2005年第3期14卷 257-288页

作者： james m. TIEN Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA

Urban infrastructures are the focus of terrorist acts because, quite simply, they produce the most visible impact, if not casualties. While terrorist acts are the most insidious and onerous of all disruptions, it is obvious that there are many similarities to the way one should deal with these willful acts and those caused by natural and accidental incidents that have also resulted in adverse and severe consequences. However, there is one major and critical difference between terrorist acts and the other types of disruptions： the terrorist acts are willful - and therefore also adaptive, if not coordinated. One must counter these acts with the same, if not more sophisticated, willful, adaptive and informed approach. Real-time, information-based decision making - which Tien （2003） has called the decision informatics paradigm - is the approach advanced herein to help make the right decisions at the various stages of a disruption. It is focused on decisions and based on multiple data sources, data fusion and analysis methods, timely information, stochastic decision models and a systems engineering outlook; moreover, it is multidisciplinary, evolutionary and systemic in practice. The approach provides a consistent way to address real-time emergency issues, including those concerned with the preparation for a major disruption, the prediction of such a disruption, the prevention or mitigation of the disruption, the detection of the disruption, the response to the disruption, and the recovery steps that are necessary to adequately, if not fully, recuperate from the disruption. The efforts of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security and its academically-based Homeland Security Centers of Excellence are considered within the proposed types, stages and decisions framework.

关键词： Data fusion data analysis adaptive algorithms decision modeling systems engineering

THE SPUTNIK OF SERVGOODS： AUTONOmOUS VEHICLES

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2017年第2期26卷 133-162页

作者： james m. Tien College of Engineering University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA

In an earlier paper （Tien 2015）, the author defmed the concept of a servgood, which can be thought of as a physical good or product enveloped by a services-oriented layer that makes the good smarter or more adaptable and customizable for a particular use. Adding another layer of physical sensors could then enhance its smartness and intelligence, especially if it were to be connected with each other or with other servgoods through the Internet of Things. Such sensed servgoods are becoming the products of the future. Indeed, autonomous vehicles can be considered the exemplar servgoods of the future; it is about decision informatics and embraces the advanced technologies of sensing （i.e., Big Data）, processing （i.e., real-time analytics）, reacting （i.e., real-time decision-making）, and learning （i.e., deep learning）. Since autonomous vehicles constitute a huge quality-of-life disruption, it is also critical to consider its policy impact on privacy and security, regulations and standards, and liability and insurance. Finally, just as the Soviet Union inaugurated the space age on October 4, 1957, with the launch of Sputnik, the first man-made object to orbit the Earth, the U. S. has inaugurated an age of automata or autonomous vehicles that can be considered to be the U. S. Sputnik of servgoods, with the full support of the U. S. government, the U. S. auto industry, the U. S. electronic industry, and the U.S. higher educational enterprise.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles goods services servgoods sensors Internet of Things decisioninformatics Big Data real-time analytics cloud computing deep learning privacy security regulations,standards liability insurance Sputnik

INTERNET OF CONNECTED SERVGOODS:CONSIDERATIONS,CONSEQUENCES AND CONCERNS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2015年第2期24卷 130-167页

作者： james m.Tien College of Engineering University of Miami

In an earlier paper （Tien 2012）, the author augurs that, in contrast to the first and second industrial revolutions which respectively focused on the development and the mass production of goods, the next - or third - industrial revolution is focused on the integration of services and/or goods; it began in this second decade of the 21st Century. The Third Industrial Revolution （TIR） is underpinned by the integration or mass customization of services and/or goods. The benefits of real-time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable and are co-produced as ＂ServGoods＂, resulting in an overwhelming economic advantage to the industrialized countries where the consuming customers are at the same time the co-producing producers. Adding sensors to these ServGoods and letting them connect or communicate among themselves or with other ServGoods can result in an Intemet of Things （i.e., connected ServGoods）. A number of considerations, consequences and concerns relating to such an Intemet of Connected ServGoods are discussed herein.

关键词： Goods services ServGoods sensors Big Data decision analytics adaptive services digital manufacturing value chain supply chain demand chain mass production mass customization industrial revolution Intemet of Things

mANUFACTURING AND SERVICES:FROm mASS PRODUCTION TO mASS CUSTOmIZATION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2011年第2期20卷 129-154页

作者： james m.TIEN College of Engineering University of MiamiCoral Gables

manufacturing and services constitute two of the five sectors of every country＇s economy;depending on the maturity of the economy,they are-in terms of employment-typically the two largest *** outputs or products of an economy can also be divided into goods products（due to manufacturing,construction,agriculture and mining） and services *** date,the goods and services products have,for the most part,been mass produced;it is the premise of this paper that recent technological advances-including flexible manufacturing,cloud computing,nanotechnology and smart sensing-can better enable the transformation from mass production to mass *** regard mass customization as the simultaneous and real time management of supply and demand chains,based on a taxonomy that can be defined in terms of its underpinning component and management *** a components perspective,we first consider the value chain of supplier,manufacturer,assembler,retailer,and customer,and then develop a consistent set of definitions for supply and demand chains based on the location of the customer order penetration *** a management perspective,we classify the methods that are employed in the management of these chains,based on whether supply and/or demand are flexible or ***,our management taxonomy highlights a very critical research area at which both supply and demand are flexible,thus *** management of supply and demand chains sets the stage for mass customization which is concerned with meeting the needs of an individualized customer *** and real time management of supply and demand chains set the stage for real time mass customization（e.g.,wherein a tailor first laser scans an individual＇s upper torso and then delivers a uniquely fitted jacket within a reasonable period,while the individual is waiting）.The benefits of real time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable

关键词： Value chain supply chain demand chain taxonomy real time management mass production mass customization manufacturing goods services