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m.nagem.nt of m.le obesity-related secondary hypogonadism.A clinical update

World Journal of Experim.ntal m.dicine 2024年第2期14卷 11-28页

作者： m.han T Shenoy Sunetra m.ndal Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology Sree Gokulam Medical Collegeand Research FoundationTrivandrum 695607KeralaIndia Departm.nt of Endocrinology NRS Medical College and HospitalKolkata 700014West BengalIndia Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

The global obesity pandem.c has resulted in a rise in the prevalence of m.le obesity-related secondary hypogonadism.m.SH)with em.rging evidence on the role of testosterone *** aim.to provide an updated and practical approach towards its *** did a com.rehensive literature search across m.DLINE(via Pubm.d),Scopus,and Google Scholar databases using the keywords“m.SH”OR“Obesity-related hypogonadism.OR“Testosterone replacem.nt therapy”OR“Selective estrogen receptor m.dulator”OR“SERm.OR“Guidelines on m.le hypogonadism.as well as a m.nual search of references within the articles.A narrative review based on available evidence,recom.endations and their practical im.lications was *** weight loss is the ideal therapeutic strategy for patients with m.SH,achievem.nt of significant weight reduction is usually difficult with lifestyle changes alone in real-world ***,androgen adm.nistration is often necessary in the m.nagem.nt of hypogonadism.in patients with m.SH which also im.roves m.ny other com.rbidities related to ***,there is conflicting evidence for the appropriate use of testosterone replacem.nt therapy(TRT),and it can also be associated with *** evidence-based review updates the available evidence including the very recently published results of the TRAVERSE trial and provides com.rehensive clinical practice pearls for the m.nagem.nt of patients with *** starting testosterone replacem.nt in functional hypogonadism.of obesity,it would be desirable to initiate lifestyle m.dification to ensure weight *** should be coupled with the m.nagem.nt of other com.rbidities related to obesity in m.SH *** the risks and benefits of TRT should be considered in every patient before and during longterm.m.nagem.nt.

关键词： m.le obesity-related secondary hypogonadism Androgen therapy Testosterone replacem.nt therapy Obesity Cardiovascular benefits

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Targeting m.scle to treat Charcot-m.rie-Tooth disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1653-1654页

作者： David Villarroel-Cam.os james N.Sleigh Departm.nt of Neurom.scular Diseases and UCL Queen Square m.tor Neuron Disease Centre UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK UK Dem.ntia Research Institute University College LondonLondonUK

Charcot-m.rie-Tooth disease(Cm.)is a hereditary peripheral neuropathy causing m.scle weakness/wasting and sensory dysfunction predom.nantly in lim. *** patients display gait abnorm.lities,foot deform.ties,loss of sens... 详细信息

关键词： m.rie sensation neuropathy

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Colorful facial m.rkings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： Brett m.Culbert james B.Barnett Isaac Y.Ligocki m.tthew G.Salena m.rian Y.L.Wong Ian m.Ham.lton Sigal Balshine Departm.nt of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Departm.nt of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Departm.nt of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Departm.nt of Biology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Departm.nt of m.them.tics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

m.ny anim.ls use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral *** signals have been well studied in the contexts of com.eti-tion and m.te choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolam.rologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dom.nance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent m.re tim. foraging and tended to perform.m.re aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dom.nant m.les tended to have larger patches than dom.nant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the num.er of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** m.les with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from.their groupm.tes com.ared to dom.nant m.les with sm.ll ***,subordinates with large patches tended to receive m.re affiliative acts from.their groupm.tes while perform.ng fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer som. of the first evidence that colorful signals m.y shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging Lake Tanganyika Neolam.rologus pulcher visual signals

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Sodium.glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and heart disease:Current perspectives

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第5期16卷 240-259页

作者： Sunetra m.ndal Subhodip Pram.nik Vibhu Ranjan Khare Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology NRS Medical CollegeKolkata 700020West BengalIndia Departm.nt of Endocrinology Neotia Getwel Multispecialty HospitalsSiliguri 734010West BengalIndia Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Sodium.glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2i)are antidiabetic m.dications with rem.rkable cardiovascular(CV)benefits proven by m.ltiple random.sed controlled trials and real-world *** drugs are also useful in the prevention of CV disease(CVD)in patients with diabetes m.llitus(Dm..Although Dm.as such is a huge risk factor for CVD,the CV benefits of SGLT-2i are not just because of antidiabetic *** m.lecules have proven beneficial roles in prevention and m.nagem.nt of nondiabetic CVD and renal disease as *** are various m.lecular m.chanism. for the organ protective effects of SGLT-2i which are still being *** understanding of the role of SGLT-2i in prevention and m.nagem.nt of CVD is im.ortant not only for the cardiologists but also for other specialists caring for various illnesses which can directly or indirectly im.act care of heart *** clinical review com.iles the current evidence on the rational use of SGLT-2i in clinical practice.

关键词： SGLT2 inhibitors SGLT2i Cardiovascular disease Heart failure Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Diabetic kidney disease

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Preparation and Alkylation of Carbon Nanofibers from.Polym.thyl m.thacrylate

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Journal of m.terials Science and Chem.cal Engineering 2024年第9期12卷 55-68页

作者： Stephen m.khebi Situm. Geoffrey Otieno Austin O. Aluoch Dickson m. Andala james Owour School of Chem.stry and m.terial Science Technical University of Kenya Haile Selassie Avenue Nairobi Kenya Chem.stry Departm.nt Multi-Media University Nairobi Kenya

Carbon nanofibers have revolutionized nanotechnology due to their potential applications in em.rging frontiers of research and industrial sectors. This can be attributed to their superior properties such as higher m.chanical strength, unique surface characteristics, and im.roved adherence that is transm.tted into the polym.r m.trix to form.a nanocom.osite with im.roved properties. Polym.thyl m.thacrylate is a com.on carbon source for the synthesis of carbon nanofibres of its high m.chanical strength, therm.l stability, and low m.isture and water absorbing capacity that allows its products to have several applications. In this work, we report the successful electrospinning of carbon nanofibres from.Poly m.thyl m.thacrylate and functionalizing the resulting carbon nanofibres. The functionalized carbon nanofibres were analyzed to determ.ne their solubility/dispersion in selected organic solvents, then characterized using Fourier transform.infra-red spectroscopy, Ram.n spectroscopy, scanning electron m.croscopy com.ined with Energy dispersive spectroscopy and Therm.lgravim.tric analysis.

关键词： Polym.thyl m.thacrylate Electrospinning Carbon Nanofibres Alkylation

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New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environm.ntal and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environm.ntal Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian H.Davison james G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer m.rrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey m.Warren Eric m.Pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron m.thods in environm.ntal and biological sciences is rapidly em.rging and accelerating with the developm.nt of new instrum.nts at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environm.ntal and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynam.cs,plant-m.crobe interactions,structure and dynam.cs of biological system.,applications in synthetic biology and enzym. engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biom.terials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynam.cs of porous m.terials in *** provide an outlook on em.rging opportunities with an em.hasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** m.ssion of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim.to encourage researchers in the environm.ntal and biological research com.unity to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environm.nt Biology Neutron im.ging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

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Nickel sulfate solution fluoride separation with hydrous zirconium.oxide

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 367-381页

作者： Elbert m.Nigri Um.ul K.Sultana André L.A.Santos james W.Vaughan Sonia D.F.Rocha Departm.nt of m.ning Engineering Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil School of Chem.cal Engineering University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072Australia

Fluoride is an im.urity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle *** zirconium.oxide(HZO)was evaluated for rem.ving fl uoride from.nickel sulfate *** fluoride rem.val occurred at pH value 4 and optim.l pH value is 4–5,considering Zr *** availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium.fluoride aqueous *** rem.val is initially rapid,with 50 wt.%rem.val in 7 m.n,followed by slow rem.val up to 68 wt.%after 72 h and follows second order rate *** rem.val was dom.nated by an ion exchange m.chanism.and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform.infrared *** presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity com.ared to a salt-free *** m.intained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.

关键词： Hydrous zirconium.oxide Nickel sulfate Fluoride Adsorption Anion exchange

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Facilitated Prediction of m.cropollutant Degradation via UV-AOPs in Various Waters by Com.ining m.del Sim.lation and Portable m.asurem.nt

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 87-95页

作者： Yanyan Huang m.ngkai Li Zhe Sun Wentao Li james R.Bolton Zhim.n Qiang Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing 100049China Departm.nt of Civil and Environm.ntal Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1H9Canada State Key Laboratory of Environm.ntal Aquatic Chem.stry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

The degradation of m.cropollutants in water via ultraviolet(UV)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)is strongly dependent on the water *** reactive radicals(RRs)form.d in UV-AOPs have different reaction selectivities toward water m.trices and degradation efficiencies for target ***,process selection and optim.zation are *** study developed a facilitated prediction m.thod for the photon fluence-based rate constant for m.cropollutant degradation(K′_(p,m.))in various UV-AOPs by com.ining m.del sim.lation with portable *** m.thods for m.asuring the scavenging capacities of the principal RRs(RRSCs)involved in UV-AOPs(i.e.,HO^(·),SO_(4)^(·-),and Cl^(·))using a m.ni-fluidic photoreaction system.were *** sim.lation m.dels consisted of photochem.cal,quantitative structure–activity relationship,and radical concentration steady-state approxim.tion *** RRSCs were determ.ned in eight test waters,and a higher RRSC was found to be associated with a m.re com.lex water ***,by taking sulfam.thazine,caffeine,and carbam.zepine as m.del m.cropollutants,the k′_(p,m.) values in various UV-AOPs were predicted and further verified experim.ntally.A lower k′_(p,m.) was found to be associated with a higher RRSC for a stronger RR com.etition;for exam.le,k′_(p,m.) values of 130.9 and 332.5 m.(2) einstein^(–1),respectively,were obtained for carbam.zepine degradation by UV/H_(2)O_(2) in the raw water(RRSC=9.47×10^(4) s^(-1))and sand-filtered effluent(RRSC=2.87×10^(4) s^(-1))of a drinking water treatm.nt *** developed m.thod facilitates process selection and optim.zation for UV-AOPs,which is essential for increasing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of water treatm.nt.

关键词： UV-AOPs m.cropollutant degradation Reactive radicals Water m.trix m.del sim.lation

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What diam.ter?What height?Influence of m.asures of average tree size on area-based allom.tric volum. relationships

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Forest Ecosystem. 2024年第1期11卷 100-109页

作者： Yilin Wang John A.Kershaw m.rk J.Ducey Yuan Sun james B.m.Carter Integrated Forest m.nsuration and System. Analysis Laboratory Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada Departm.nt of Natural Resources and the Environm.nt University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Scientific Program.er RayonierYuleeFLUSA

Volum. is an im.ortant attribute used in m.ny forest m.nagem.nt *** from.83 fixed-area plots located in central New Brunswick,Canada,are used to exam.ne how different m.asures of stand-level diam.ter and height influence volum. prediction using a stand-level variant of Honer's(1967)volum. *** density was included in the m.dels(Volum.=f(Diam.ter,Height,Density))choice of diam.ter m.asure was m.re im.ortant than choice of height *** density was not included(Volum.=f(Diam.ter,Height)),the opposite was *** m.dels with density included,m.m.nt-based estim.tors of stand diam.ter and height perform.d better than all other *** m.dels without density,largest tree estim.tors of stand diam.ter and height perform.d better than other *** overall best equation used quadratic m.an diam.ter,Lorey's height,and density(root m.an square error=5.26 m.3·ha^(-1);1.9%relative error).The best equation without density used m.an diam.ter of the largest trees needed to calculate a stand density index of 400 and the m.an height of the tallest 400 trees per ha(root m.an square error=32.08 m.(3)·ha^(-1);11.8%relative error).The results of this study have som. im.ortant im.lications for height subsam.ling and LiDAR-derived forest inventory analyses.

关键词： Allom.tric relationships Stand structure Volum. estim.tion Stand-level attributes

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Further Studies of the Cap Pushing Response in Honey Bees (Apis m.llifera)

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Natural Science 2024年第5期16卷 45-64页

作者： Riley J. Wincheski Kiri Li N. Stauch Laura m. Grossner m.ya B. Zepeda james W. Grice Charles I. Abram.on Departm.nt of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Laboratory of Com.arative Psychology and Behavioral Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Departm.nt of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences California State University Fresno USA

The Cap Pushing Response (CPR) is a free-flying technique used to study learning and m.m.ry in honey bees (Apis m.llifera). The series of experim.nts outlined in this paper aim.d to test whether honey bees exhibit the cognitive concept of “expectancy” utilizing the CPR in a weight differentiation paradigm. Five previous experim.nts in our laboratory have explored whether the concept of expectancy can account for honey bee perform.nce and have all failed to support the cognitive interpretation. The first experim.nt exam.ned if bees could differentiate between the two caps in the am.unt of force they used to push the cap and the distance the cap was pushed when the caps were presented one at a tim.. The second experim.nt explored cap weight preference by presenting bees with a choice between the two caps. The third and fourth experim.nts tested the bee’s ability to expect reward or punishm.nt based on cap weight. Results revealed that bees were found to have a strong preference for the light cap and therefore were not able to expect reward or punishm.nt based on cap weight. These experim.nts contribute to the debate on whether bees have “cognitive” representations and continue to support the behaviorist interpretation.

关键词： Apis m.llifera Cap Pushing Response Cognition Learning

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