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Inhibition of GABAA-ρreceptors induces retina regeneration in zebrafish

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 367-374页

作者： Matthew R.kent Nergis Kara james G.Patton Department of Biological Sciences Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA

A potential treatment for retinal diseases is to induce an endogenous Müller glia(MG)-derived regenerative response to replace damaged *** contrast to mammalian MG,zebrafish MG are capable of mediating spontaneous *** seek to define the mechanisms that enable retina regeneration in zebrafish in order to identify therapeutic targets to induce mammalian retina *** previously used pharmacological and genetic methods to inhibit gamma aminobutyric acid A(GABAA)receptors in undamaged zebrafish retinas and showed that such inhibition could induce initiation of retina regeneration,as measured by the dedifferentiation of MG and the appearance of MG-derived proliferating progenitor ***,we show that inhibition of a pharmacologically distinct subset of GABAA receptors(GABAA-ρ)can also induce retina *** inhibition of both GABA receptor subtypes led to enhanced retina *** expression analyses indicate that inhibition of GABAA-ρreceptors induces a canonical retinal regenerative *** results support a model in which decreased levels of GABA,such as would occur after retinal cell death or damage,induce dedifferentiation of MG and the generation of proliferating progenitor cells during zebrafish retina *** experiments were approved by the Vanderbilt's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(Protocol M1800200)on January 29,2019.

关键词： gamma aminobutyric acid morpholino Müller glia neurotransmitter regeneration retina stem cells zebrafish

Like mother, like daughter： heritability of female Richardson＇s ground squirrel Urocitellus richardsonii cortisol stress responses

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 153-163页

作者： Kevin R. BAIROS-NOVAK Calen R RYAN Angela R. FREEMAN W. Gary anderson james F, HARE Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada Departmentof Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 5E2 Saskatchewan Canada Department ofAnthropology Northwestern University Evanston 60208 Illinois USA Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent 44242 Ohio USA

Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis liberates glucocorticoids, which provides an acute indication of an individual＇s response to stressors. The heritability of the stress response in wild mammals, however, remains poorly documented. We quantified the cortisol stress response of female Richardson＇s ground squirrels （RGSs） to handling and physical restraint, testing for：（1） the effects of individual age, time of day, and sample latency; （2） repeatability within individuals; （3） narrow-sense heritability; and （4） differences among individuals owing to potential genetic and/or environmental effects. We detected a positive linear relationship between baseline plasma cortisol （BL-cortisol） concentration and stress-induced plasma cortisol （Sl-cortisol） concentration that defined each individual＇s cortisol stress response. BL-cortisol, SI-cortisol, and stress response did not differ according to the time the sample was taken, or by subject age. Cortisol stress response was highly repeatable within individuals, had a mother-offspring heritability of h2 =0.40 ± 0.24 （mean ±SE）, full-sibling heritability of h2s = 0.37 ± 0.71, and half-sibling heritabil- ity of hHS^2 = 0.75 ± 1.41. Stress responses of sibling groups, immediate-family groups, and squir- rels within a given area did not differ, whereas those of individuals from more distantly related matrilines did. Our results highlight the natural variability in HPA axis reactivity among individuals by quantifying both BL- and SI-cortisol levels, demonstrate partial heritability of the stress response that is not attributable to environmental variation, and suggest that at least part of an indi- vidual＇s stress response can be accounted for by differences in matrilineal history.

关键词： glucocorticoids ground squirrel heritability hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity stress response.

Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type and Morphology in a Middle-Aged Elite Male Powerlifter Using Anabolic Steroids

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第4期3卷 404-411页

作者： Steven B.Machek kent A.Lorenz Marialice Kern Andrew J.Galpin james R.Bagley Muscle Physiology Laboratory Department of KinesiologyCollege of Health and Social SciencesSan Francisco State University1600 Holloway AvenueGym 101San FranciscoCA 94132USA Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory Department of HealthHuman Performanceand RecreationRobbins College of Health and Human SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTXUSA Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory Center for Sport PerformanceCalifornia State UniversityFullertonUSA

Powerlifting regularly exposes athletes to extreme stimuli such as chronic heavy resistance training(HRT),and many powerlifters choose to augment their performance with anabolic-androgenic steroids(AAS).However,little is known about the myocellular adaptations that occur from long-term HRT and AAS use,especially into middle *** were presented with the unique opportunity to study muscle cells from an elite-level powerlifter(EPL;age 40 years)with≥30 years of HRT experience and≥15 years of AAS *** purpose of this case study was to identify myocellular characteristics[myosin heavy chain(MHC)fiber type,fiber size,and myonuclear content]in EPL,as well as compare these data to existing *** participant underwent a resting vastus lateralis muscle biopsy and single fibers were analyzed for MHC content via SDS-PAGE.A subset of fibers underwent MHC-specific imaging analysis via confocal microscopy to identify cell size(cross-sectional area,CSA)and myonuclear domain(MND)*** fiber type distribution was 9% I,12% I/IIa,79% IIa,and 0% other *** pure MHC IIa(fast-twitch)fiber content was amongst the highest reported in the *** analysis of MHC IIa fibers revealed a mean CSA of 4218±933μm^(2) and MND of 12,548±3181μm^(3).While the fast-twitch fiber CSA was comparable to values in previous literature,mean MND was smaller than has been reported in untrained men,implying greater capacity for growth and *** findings showcase the unique muscle cell structure of an elite powerlifter,extending the known physiological limits of human muscle size and strength.

关键词： Resistance training Myonuclear domain Myonuclei Myosin heavy chain Confocal microscopy Muscle biopsy

Quantitative trait loci associated with soybean seed weight and composition under different phosphorus levels

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第3期60卷 232-241页

作者： Gokhan Hacisalihoglu Amy L.Burton Jeffery L.Gustin Selim Eker Safiye Asikli Elif Hakli Heybet Levent Ozturk Ismail Cakmak Atilla Yazici kent O.Burkey james Orf A.Mark Settles Department of Biological Sciences Florida A&M UniversityTallahasseeFL 32307USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServicePlant Science Research UnitRaleighNC 27607USA Horticultural Science Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Soil Science&Plant Nutrition Cukurova University01330 AdanaTurkey Faculty of Engineering&Natural Sciences Sabanci University34956 IstanbulTurkey Department of Agronomy&Plant Genetics University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

Seed size and composition are important traits in food crops and can be affected by nutrient availability in the soil. Phosphorus （P） is a non-renewable, essential macronutrient, and P deficiency limits soybean （G1ycine max） yield and quality. To investigate the associations of seed traits in low- and high-P environ- ments, soybean recombinant inbred lines （RILs） from a cross of cultivars Fiskeby III and Mandarin （Ottawa） were grown under contrasting P availability environments. Traits including individual seed weight, seed number, and intact mature pod weight were significantly affected by soil P levels and showed transgressive segregation among the RILs. Surprisingly, P treatments did not affect seed composition or weight, suggesting that soybeanmaintains sufficient P in seeds even in Iow-P soil. Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） were detected for seed weight, intact pods, seed volume, and seed protein, with five significant QTLs identified in Iow-P environments and one significant QTL found in the optimaI-P environment. Broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.78 （individual seed weight）, *** （seed protein）, 0.34 （seed oil）, and 0.98 （seed number）. The QTLs identified under low P point to genetic regions that may be useful to improve soybean performance under limiting P conditions.

关键词： Qian Qian China National Rice Research Institute China

"Natural" pathways to the development of novel vaccines for the aquaculture industry in China——an overview

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"Natural" pathways to the development of novel vaccines for ...

Neutron stars as extreme laboratories for gravity tests

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作者： james CHIN WU kent Toni CHAPMAN Chris LAWLOR IMDRU NSW DPISydneyAustralia School of Veterinary Science University of QueenslandAustralia International Animal Health School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Australia

＜正＞Traditionally, fish vaccines have been developed by first isolating and then characterising the identity of the causal pathogenic organism. The disease causing agent （ DC A） is then propagated in culture and then killed by various treatments before formulation as a vaccine in the appropriate adjuvant. Such simple strategies, while practical and economical to produce, can experience high rates of failure in the natural environment because key components of various biological interactions have not been studied. Understanding these components will contribute significantly in reducing the risk of vaccine breakdowns. The "Natural" pathway advocated in this paper represents a systematic and strategic approach that takes into consideration the following key features: Genomic analysis of both pathogenic and commensal isolates found on fish and their environment from as many different geographical locations as possible Analysing the interplay in population dynamics between these micro-organisms Dissecting the proteome of pathogens Analysing the immune response of fish by collecting serum and immune cells from susceptible and resistant fish encountering both natural and artificial challenge, and to examine these responses against a background of different genetics and vaccine challenge Genetic selection of disease resilient fish by immune response selection Optimising delivery of vaccines by continuous low dose pulsing via natural vectors

关键词： vaccines Vibrio bioremediation fish immunity genetic selection

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Science Bulletin 2022年第19期67卷 1946-1949页

作者： Lijing Shao kent Yagi Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China Department of Physics University of VirginiaCharlottesville 22904-4714USA

Neutrons were discovered 90 years ago by james *** concept of neutron stars was hypothesized around that time by Lev Landau,Walter Baade,and Fritz Zwicky,and it was further developed by Richard Tolman,Robert Oppenheimer,George Volkoff,and other *** stars are astrophysical compact objects formed after the death of massive stars(more massive than our own Sun).According to current understanding,the typical mass of neutron stars is comparable to that of the Sun,while the radius is only~*** its name implies,the main interior ingredients of such stars are neutrons,but they also consist of protons,electrons,muons,and presumably even more exotic particles,like hyperons,kaons,or *** field of neutron stars was bolstered by the discovery of radio pulsars by Jocelyn Bell Burnell,Antony Hewish,and collaborators in 1967[1].A famous achievement brought forth by the first binary pulsar,the so-called Hulse-Taylor pulsar,is the first-ever empirical proof that gravitational waves exist in our Universe[2].In 2017,the first binary neutron star merger was observed directly via gravitational waves(ripples of spacetime)and accompanied by enormous electromagnetic follow-up observations[3].

关键词： proof implies interior

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智能电网通信的发展:持续改进智能电网

中国科技财富 2011年第15期 70-74页

作者： james Frame Jeritt kent Ian Lawee 亚德诺半导体(ADI)

全球正在开展大量活动来升级电网，使电力能以更有效、更可靠、更环保也更经济的方式传输。其中包括升级电网发电、输配电和计量部分所用的各种设备和技术。这些升级活动的一个重要方面是在各种监控和计量设备中加入通信能力。目前有多... 详细信息

全球正在开展大量活动来升级电网，使电力能以更有效、更可靠、更环保也更经济的方式传输。其中包括升级电网发电、输配电和计量部分所用的各种设备和技术。这些升级活动的一个重要方面是在各种监控和计量设备中加入通信能力。目前有多种无线和有线通信技术在世界各地进行评估和部署。RF通信已成为许多地区和应用的首选技术，但也面临着自己的挑战。

关键词：智能电网电网通信有线通信技术计量设备通信能力 RF通信输配电电力

Treatment with Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Chemotherapy in Advanced Inoperable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Toxicity, Survival and Patterns of Failure in Relation to Treatment with High and Low Radiation Dose

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2015年第11期6卷 943-953页

作者： james K. Russo Daniel Grass kent E. Armeson John Stahl Tarek Dufan John Reynolds Aaron Luebke Anand K. Sharma Bismarck Cancer Center Bismarck ND USA Department of Radiation Oncology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA Department of Public Health Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA Department of Therapeutic Radiation Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA Department of Medical Oncology Sanford Health Bismarck ND USA Department of Medical Oncology St. Alexius Health Bismarck ND USA

Purpose: To investigate the toxicity, survival and patterns of failure in patients with advanced lung cancer treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and chemotherapy. Methods and Materials: Retrospective chart review of 68 total patients: 46 academic and 22 community center. Endpoints: Grade ≥ 3 pneumonitis, Grade ≥ 2 esophagitis, local, regional and distant failure, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: For the academic center patients, median follow-up was 19.2 months. Esophagitis: 0% Grade 3, 35% Grade 2, no significant difference between dose bins: <70 Gy vs. 70 Gy, 25% vs. 45% (p = 0.22), <66 Gy vs. 66 - 70 Gy, 28% vs. 39% (p = 0.53). Lung dose metrics and PTV size were not associated with Grade ≥ 3 pneumonitis. Esophageal V35, V50, and mean dose but not PTV size was associated with Grade 2 esophagitis. 1 year local, regional and distant failure = 6.5%, 6.5%, and 30.4%. No endpoint differences were seen between dose bins, though patients with smaller PTVs treated with 70 Gy did demonstrate improved OS (ns) when compared to those treated with <70 Gy. Community Center: Median follow-up 6.2 months with 15% Grade 2 esophagitis, no Grade 3 esophagitis. Two patients (9%) experienced Grade ≥ 3 pneumonitis. Conclusions: IMRT chemoradiation was well tolerated in a population with advanced NSCLC both in the academic and community settings. Severe pneumonitis rates were low and comparable to other series using IMRT and chemotherapy. Esophagitis was mild and associated with V35, V50 and mean dose. No significant benefit was seen for higher doses regarding survival, local, regional or distant control despite that higher dose bins had smaller tumors. Though not statistically significant, we did find a trend toward worse OS for <70 Gy when the PTV was less than the median PTV.

关键词： IMRT NSCLC Toxicity Survival Patterns of Failure Chemotherapy

SAMPLING METHODS AND APPROACHES USING RADIONUCLIDE TRACERS IN THE STUDY OF SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION AND CROSS MARGIN TRANSPORT IN NEARSHORE OF THE LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2003年第2期 266-277页

作者： J. Val KLUMP,David N. EDGINGTON,james T. WAPLES,Donald C. SZMANIA,Bruce E. BROWN,kent A. ORLANDINI Great Lakes WATER Institute University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Great Lakes WATER Institute University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Great Lakes WATER Institute University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Great Lakes WATER Institute University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Great Lakes WATER Institute University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Environmental Research Division Argonne National Laboratory Milwaukee WI USA Milwaukee WI USA Milwaukee WI USA Milwaukee WI USA Milwaukee WI USA Argonne IL USA

Preliminary results from an investigation of the U-238/Th-234 parent/daughter pair in the nearshore environments of Lake Michigan show that short-lived, naturally-occurring radionuclides are useful in determining the time scales of sediment transport processes on the orders of days to weeks. While the long term, depositional sink for some new particles entering the lake, either from rivers or shoreline erosion, has been well documented, the aggregate time scale of the processes by which these particles move from source to sink is not well quantified. These relatively 搉ew?particles may undergo numerous episodes of resuspension and redeposition before making their way through the coastal margin and entering the long term focusing processes active in the depositional basins of the lake. These episodic events can be large in scale and magnitude, resuspending as much or more material than is permanently deposited in the lake on an annual basis. Th-234, a particle reactive radionuclide with a 24 day half-life, would appear to be well suited as a tracer for following rapid particle movement, particle residence times in the overlying water, and alongshore transport processes. The remotely operated vehicle (ROV) deployed technique for collection of surface sediments residing in non-depositional (hard bottom) lakebeds and some preliminary time series results for transient excess Th-234 inventories in the nearshore of Lake Michigan are described.

关键词： Sediments Resuspension ROV Radionuclides Great Lakes