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Improved estimation of Pm_(2.5) brown carbon contributions to filter light attenuation

Particuology 2021年第3期19卷 1-9页

作者： Judith C.Chow L.-W.Antony Chen Xiaoliang Wang mark C.Green John G.watson Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNVUSA State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anChina Graduate Faculty Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of NevadaReno NevadaUSA Department of environmental and Occupational Health School of Public HealthUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNVUSA

multiwavelength light attenuation measurements have been acquired as part of thermal/optical carbon analysis in the *** Speciation Network(CSN)and the Interagency monitoring of PROtected Visual environments(ImPROVe)network beginning in *** are used to estimate Pm_(2.5)brown carbon(BrC)contributions to light absorption at various wavelengths,a useful method for separating biomass burning contributions from other *** of light transmitted through the filter deviates from Beers Law as the mass of light absorbing materials *** study estimates the effects of these deviations with empirical adjustment factors applied to samples for CSN from 2016 to 2017 and for ImPROVe from 2016 to *** for the filter loading effect results in an annual average increase of∼6-7%BrC contribution to light attenuation:from 3.6%to 10.7%for the urban,more heavily loaded CSN samples;and from 23.7%to 29.5%for the non-urban ImPROVe *** alternative method is examined for BrC and black carbon(BC)adjustments by calculating the AbsorptionÅngström exponent(AAe)for BC(i.e.,AAe_(BC))based on the ratios of 635 nm/780 nm light attenuation rather than assuming AAe_(BC)of *** paired-wavelength calculations result in a median AAe_(BC)of 0.76 for CSN and 0.8 for ImPROVe,with the majority of samples(i.e.,91%of CSN and 70%of ImPROVe)showing AAe_(BC)ming negligible contributions from BrC to AAe at longer wavelengths,the amount of light attenuation at shorter wavelengths(e.g.,405 nm)where BrC is dominant can be *** paired-wavelength method applied to the filter loading adjusted data has a greater effect on urban(fresh)than on non-urban(aged)aerosols,resulting in a factor of two increase in annual averaged BrC light attenuation(from 10.7%to 21.6%)for CSN and by a factor of 1.11(from 29.5%to 32.7%)for ImPROVe *** result demonstrates the importance of particle loading and AAe correction on quantifying BrC light attenuatio

关键词： Organic carbon Brown carbon elemental carbon Black carbon AbsorptionÅngström exponent

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国际贸易中的创业精神

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经济资料译丛 2011年第3期 34-42页

作者： james e. Rauch（） Joel watson（）孔令强（译）刘莉（译）不详贵州财经学院 550004 厦门大学嘉庚学院 363105

受国际贸易中的不完全信息和网络的重要性所启发,我们研究了"网络中介活动"的供给问题。我们假设,那些成为国际贸易中介的行为人首先在他们作为生产和销售雇员期间就积累起了对外交往的网络,然后成为销售这种网络的使用权的创业者。我... 详细信息

受国际贸易中的不完全信息和网络的重要性所启发,我们研究了"网络中介活动"的供给问题。我们假设,那些成为国际贸易中介的行为人首先在他们作为生产和销售雇员期间就积累起了对外交往的网络,然后成为销售这种网络的使用权的创业者。我们报告了支持该假说的结果,该结果来自对国际贸易中介的试点调查。然后,我们建立了一个关于这种创业精神(entrepreneurship)的、简单的一般均衡模型,并使用该模型进行比较静态和福利分析。其中的一个福利结论是:贸易中介可能缺乏足够的激励来维持或扩张其网络。这使人想起这样一个被某些国家所贯彻的政策原理,即:鼓励那些效仿日本综合商社的大型贸易公司的发展。

关键词：国际贸易创业精神一般均衡模型贸易中介福利分析不完全信息供给问题中介活动

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effects of Broussonetia papyrifera invasion and land use on vegetation characteristics in a tropical forest of Ghana

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第4期30卷 1363-1373页

作者： David m.Adigbli Alexander K.Anning james K.Adomako Benedicta Y.Fosu-mensah Institute for environment and Sanitation Studies University of GhanaLegonAccraGhana Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Department of Botany University of GhanaLegonAccraGhana

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera(paper mulberry)invasion and land use on the floristic composition of a dry semideciduous forest in ***-five plots(25 m×25 m each),distributed among three land uses-selectively logged(SL);abandoned farmlands(AF);and an undisturbed reference(RF)-were *** showed lower tree species richness(S),diversity(H’),evenness(S)and basal area(BA)in the SL(46,0.78,0.32 and 269.12 m2 ha-1,respectively)and AF(40,0.53,0.45,and 131.16 m^2 ha^-1)sites compared to the RF site(79,2.66,0.87,963.72 m^2 ha^-1).Similar patterns were found at the shrub layer,but no differences were observed at the herb ***-metric multidimensional scaling ordination revealed distinct species composition among the land *** two disturbed habitats,SL and AF,were associated with increased *** invasion particularly in the overstory,with importance value index and mean relative density of 45 and 65.03%,and 42 and 53.29%,***,the species was only sparsely represented in the RF *** density of *** correlated negatively with H’,S,e,BA,and native tree density and *** findings highlight the strong link between human land use(i.e.,logging and slash-andburn farming),invasion,and vegetation characteristics,and suggest the need to limit these disturbances to conserve biodiversity within tropical forest ecosystems.

关键词： Afram Headwaters Forest Reserve Broussonetia papyrifera Forest community characteristics Human-caused disturbances Plant invasion

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Brain Signaling in Psychiatric Disorders: What Can They Tell Us in the Absence of Behavioral Differences?

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第8期5卷 333-337页

作者： Jodi m. Gilman james m. Bjork Timothy e. Wilens Center for Addiction medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology Adult ADHD Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA

This is a commentary on the often-observed phenomenon of observing task-based brain signaling differences between clinical populations and healthy control participants in the absence of any behavioral decrements in the clinical group. We offer several explanations for why brain-based differences amid normative performance may be of interest to researchers and clinicians. First, neural processing in the clinical group may not be as efficient as that in the control group. Second, differences in activation could reveal important differences in the cognition behind the (normative) behavior. Third, differences in activation may be prognostic biomarkers of injury or decline. In addition, we contend that similar behavior between groups is important in properly interpreting brain data. Finally, we offer caveats and future directions to further clarify brain mechanisms underlying behavior in clinical populations.

关键词： fmRI Neuroimaging Normative Behavior Normative Performance Neural efficiency Prognostic Biomarker

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Coupled tripartite investigation of breaker fluid invasion and impact on hydrocarbon recovery in sandstone reservoirs

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Petroleum Research 2023年第3期8卷 338-349页

作者： Stella I.eyitayo Kazeem A.Lawal marshall C.watson Oladoyin Kolawole Ibrahim Abdullahi Asekhame U.Yadua Oluchukwu m.Okoh Saka matemilola Tunde Alabi Bob L.Herd Department of Petroleum engineering Texas Tech University807 Boston AveLubbockTX79409USA FIRST exploration and Petroleum Development Company(FIRST e&P) Nigeria John A.Reif Jr.Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ07102USA Nigerian Petroleum Development Company(NPDC) Nigeria

Breaker fluids are designed to dissolve filter cakes by breaking their long-chain molecules,thereby removing solid deposits on the wellbore *** breaker fluids are not intended to infiltrate the hydrocarbon reservoir,they can invade and cause formation damage by altering sandstone reservoirs'wettability and relative *** can lead to a reduction in the overall reservoir *** study coupled tripartite methods to investigate the potential impact of breaker invasion and transport in hydrocarbon reservoirs and its multiscale effect on the performances of sandstone *** utilized experimental,analytical,and numerical methods to assess and predict the susceptibility of reservoirs to breaker fluid invasion and *** experimental and empirical investigations considered varying breaker fluid formulations to evaluate the effects of breaker fluid concentration,formation temperature,and solution gas-oil ratio(GOR)on residual-oil saturation(ROS)and oil-water relative *** adopting the ROS and relative permeability associated with the 50%v/v breaker fluid mixture,the performance of the hydrocarbon reservoir was numerically simulated under the limiting scenarios of no-invasion,moderate-invasion,and deep-invasion of breaker *** results indicate a positive correlation between breaker fluid concentration and ROS,highlighting the risks that breaker fluid invasion and deep infiltration pose to hydrocarbon ***,results show that both live-oil condition(LOC)and dead-oil condition(DOC)reservoirs are susceptible to the detrimental impacts of breaker fluid infiltration,while their invasion can reduce hydrocarbon recovery in both LOC(-6%)and DOC(-28%).The multi-scale effects on reservoir performance are more pronounced at near-wellbore and DOC than at far-field and *** from this work provide valuable insights into the complexity of breaker-fluid invasion in sandstone reservoirs and the mitigation of as

关键词： Breaker fluid Fluid invasion Formation damage Fluid transport Near-wellbore alteration

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内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞氧化应激时Nrf2／ARe信号通路对抗氧化基因表达的调控:与动脉粥样硬化和先兆子痫的关系

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生理学报 2007年第2期59卷 117-127页

作者： Giovanni e. mann Jorg Niehueser-Saran Alan watson Ling Gao Tetsuro Ishii Patricia de Winter Richard C. m. Siow 皇家学院医学院心血管分部伦敦SEI 9NH英国筑波大学人类综合科学研究科分子和细胞生理学系茨城3058577日本

动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、慢性肾功能衰竭和先兆子痫等血管疾病时活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成增加,容易导致内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的损害和血管损伤,而细胞可以诱导多种编码Ⅱ相解毒酶和抗氧化蛋白的基因表达,从而减轻ROS... 详细信息

动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、慢性肾功能衰竭和先兆子痫等血管疾病时活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成增加,容易导致内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的损害和血管损伤,而细胞可以诱导多种编码Ⅱ相解毒酶和抗氧化蛋白的基因表达,从而减轻ROS和亲电子物质介导的细胞损伤。一个被称为抗氧化反应元件(antioxidant response element,ARe)或亲电子反应元件(electrophile response element,epRe)的顺式转录调控元件,可以介导诸如亚铁血红素加氧酶1、γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶、硫氧还蛋白还原酶、谷胱甘肽-S转移酶和NAD(P)H:苯醌氧化还原酶等基因的转录。其他抗氧化酶,如超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和非酶清除剂(如谷胱甘肽)等也参与ROS的清除。转录因子NF-e2相关因子2(nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2)是属于Cap‘n’Collar家族的转录因子,具有碱性亮氨酸拉链(basic region-leucine zipper,bZIP),它在ARe介导的抗氧化基因表达中起重要的作用。在正常情况下,Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白-1(Kelch-like eCH-associated protein-1,Keapl)与Nrf2耦联,并与肌动蛋白细胞骨架结合被锚定于胞浆,但是在半胱氨酸残基发生氧化的情况下,Nrf2和Keapl解耦联,进入细胞核并与ARe结合,从而激活多种抗氧化基因和Ⅱ相解毒酶基因的转录。蛋白激酶C、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶参与Nrf2／ARe信号转导的调控。本文综述了有关Nrf2／ARe信号转导通路在血管稳态和动脉硬化、先兆子痫等疾病情况下内皮及平滑肌细胞对抗持续性氧化应激中起的作用。

关键词：转录因子NF-e2相关因子2 抗氧化反应元件氧化应激内皮细胞血管平滑肌细胞亚铁血红素加氧酶胱氨酸转运体一氧化氮合酶抗氧化基因 Ⅱ相解毒酶动脉粥样硬化糖尿病先兆子痫

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Impact of postoperative intravenous fluid administration on complications following elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第5期17卷 402-407页

作者： Daniel martin Panagis m.Lykoudis Gabriel Jones David Highton Alan Shaw Sarah james Qiang Wei Giuseppe Fusai Division of Surgery&Interventional Science University College LondonGower StBloomsburyLondonWC1E 6BTUK Free Perioperative Research Group Royal Free HospitalPond stLondonNW3 2QGUK Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Royal Free HospitalPond stLondonNW3 2QGUK King’s College Hospital Denmark HillLondon SE5 9RSUK Neurocritical Care Unit the National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryQueen SquareLondonWC1N 3BGUK London School of Hygiene&Tropical medicine Keppel StreetLondonWC1E 7HTUK Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department of SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine79 Qingchun RoadHangzhou 310003China

Background: The impact of perioperative intravenous fluid administration on surgical outcomes has been documented in literature, but not specifically studied in the context of hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB) surgery. This study aimed to investigate the impact of postoperative intravenous fluid administration on intensive care unit(ICU), in this subgroup of patients. methods: A single-center retrospective cohort of 241 HPB patients was assessed, focusing on intravenous fluid administration in ICU, during the first 24 h. Intravenous fluid variables were compared to hospital stay and postoperative complications. Data were assessed using Spearman's correlation test for bivariate correlations and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results: The median volume of intravenous fluid administered in the first 24 h postoperatively was 4380 mL, of which 2200 mL was crystalloid, 1500 mL colloid and 680 mL "other" fluid. Patients with one or more complications had a higher median total intravenous fluid input(4790 vs. 4300 mL), higher colloid volume(20 0 0 vs. 150 0 mL), lower urine output(1595 vs. 1900 mL) and greater overall fluid balance( + 3040 vs. + 2553 mL) than those without complications. There were correlations between total intravenous fluid volume administered( r = 0.278, P enous colloid input( r = 0.278, P e output( r =-0.295, P e fluid balance( r = 0.344, P ength of hospital stay. Logistic regression model was constructed to predict the occurrence of one or more complications; total intravenous fluid volume and overall fluid balance were both independent significant predictors(OR = 2.463, P = 0.007; OR = 1.001, P = 0.011; respectively). Conclusions: Administration of high volumes of intravenous fluids in the first 24 hours post-HPB surgery, along with higher positive fluid balance is associated with a higher rate of complications and longer hospital stay. moreover, lower urine output is associated

关键词： Intravenous fluids Hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery Postoperative outcome

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mathematical modeling the Biology of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Whole Genome Adaptation

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2018年第10期9卷 520-533页

作者： james Lindesay Tshela e. mason William Hercules Georgia m. Dunston Department of Physics & Astronomy Howard University Washington USA National Human Genome Center Howard University Washington USA Department of microbiology Howard University Washington USA

As a living information and communications system, the genome encodes patterns in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reflecting human adaptation that optimizes population survival in differing environments. This paper mathematically models environmentally induced adaptive forces that quantify changes in the distribution of SNP frequencies between populations. We make direct connections between biophysical methods (e.g. minimizing genomic free energy) and concepts in population genetics. Our unbiased computer program scanned a large set of SNPs in the major histocompatibility complex region and flagged an altitude dependency on a SNP associated with response to oxygen deprivation. The statistical power of our double-blind approach is demonstrated in the flagging of mathematical functional correlations of SNP information-based potentials in multiple populations with specific environmental parameters. Furthermore, our approach provides insights for new discoveries on the biology of common variants. This paper demonstrates the power of biophysical modeling of population diversity for better understanding genome-environment interactions in biological phenomenon.

关键词： Genome-environment Interactions Genomic Adaptation SNP Functional Correlations

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Convergence to real-time decision making

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Frontiers of engineering management 2020年第2期7卷 204-222页

作者： james m.TIeN College of engineering University of MiamiCoral GablesFL 33124USA

Real-time decision making reflects the convergence of several digital technologies,including those concerned with the promulgation of artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies that underpin real-time *** specifically,real-time decision making can be depicted in terms of three converging dimensions:Internet of Things,decision making,and *** Internet of Things include tangible goods,intangible services,ServGoods,and connected *** making includes model-based analytics(since before 1990),information-based Big Data(since 1990),and training-based artificial intelligence(since 2000),and it is bolstered by the evolving real-time technologies of sensing(i.e.,capturing streaming data),processing(i.e.,applying real-time analytics),reacting(i.e.,making decisions in real-time),and learning(i.e.,employing deep neural networks).Real-time includes mobile networks,autonomous vehicles,and artificial general *** to decision making,especially real-time decision making,is the ServGood concept,which the author introduced in an earlier paper(2012).It is a physical product or good encased by a services layer that renders the good more adaptable and smarter for a specific purpose or *** of another communication sensors layer could further enhance its smartness and *** connected ServGoods constitute a solid foundation for the advanced products of tomorrow which can further display their growing intelligence through real-time decisions.

关键词： real-time decision making services goods ServGoods Big Data Internet of Things artificial intelligence wireless communications

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The structure of microbial populations in Nelore GIT reveals inter-dependency of methanogens in feces and rumen

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 577-586页

作者： Bruno G.N.Andrade Flavia A.Bressani Rafael R.C.Cuadrat Polyana C.Tizioto Priscila S.N.de Oliveira Gerson B.mourão Luiz L.Coutinho james m.Reecy james e.Koltes Paul Walsh Alexandre Berndt Julio C.P.Palhares Luciana C.A.Regitano embrapa Southeast Livestock São CarlosBrazil Department of molecular epidemiology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke(DIfE)NuthetalGermany NGS Genomic Solutions PiracicabaBrazil Department of Animal Science University of São Paulo/ESALQPiracicabaBrazil Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA NSilico Life Science DublinIreland

Background:The success of different species of ruminants in the colonization of a diverse range of environments is due to their ability to digest and absorb nutrients from cellulose,a complex polysaccharide found in leaves and *** rely on a complex and diverse microbial community,or microbiota,in a unique compartment known as the rumen to break down this *** in microbial populations of the rumen can affect the host’s development,health,and ***,accessing the rumen is stressful for the ***,the development and use of alternative sampling methods are needed if this technique is to be routinely used in cattle *** this end,we tested if the fecal microbiome could be used as a proxy for the rumen microbiome due to its *** investigated the taxonomic composition,diversity and inter-relations of two different GIT compartments,rumen and feces,of 26 Nelore(Bos indicus)bulls,using Next Generation Sequencing(NGS)metabarcoding of bacteria,archaea and ciliate ***:We identified 4265 Amplicon Sequence Variants(ASVs)from bacteria,571 from archaea,and 107 from protozoa,of which 143(96 bacteria and 47 archaea)were found common between both *** most prominent bacterial phyla identified were Bacteroidetes(41.48%)and Firmicutes(56.86%)in the ruminal and fecal microbiomes,respectively,with Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 the most relatively abundant genera identified in each *** most abundant archaeal phylum identified was euryarchaeota,of which methanobrevibacter gottschalkii,a methanogen,was the prevalent archaeal species identified in both *** were found exclusively identified in the rumen with Bozasella/Triplumaria being the most frequent genus ***-occurrence among ruminal and fecal ASVs reinforces the relationship of microorganisms within a biological ***,the co-occurrence of shared archaeal ASVs between microbiomes indicat

关键词： Archaea Bacteria Bos indicus metabarcoding methanobrevibacter microbiome microbiota

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