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Intraspecific temporal resource partitioning at white-tailed deer feeding sites

Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 139-146页

作者： david B. STONE james A. MARTIN Bradley S. COHEN Thomas J. PREBYL Charlie KILLMASTER Karl V. MILLER Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken SC USA Department of Biology Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN USA Georgia Department of Natural Resources Atlanta GA USA

Individuals may reduce competition by temporally partitioning their use of a shared resource. Behavioral differences between sexes in ungulates may encourage segregation as individuals attempt to avoid antagonistic interactions. However, dominant sex and age groups may reduce subordinates' access to food resources, regardless of the subordinate's sex. We hypothesized that white-tailed deer Odocoileus Virginian us temporally segregated at supplemental feedi ng sites based on social rank (subordinate: yearling males and adult females;dominant: adult males) and that segregation was affected by phase of the breeding season and diel cycle. If deer temporally segregate according to social rank, we predicted that the resulting activity patterns would manifest in one social class being relatively more susceptible to hunter-induced mortality. We used a multistate modeling approach to quantify temporal segregation and calculated the probability that a feeding site was in a particular state during diurnal and nocturnal hours for each of the 3 phases of the breeding season. We determined that transition probabilities differed by season and diel cycle and dominant and subordinate social classes clearly avoided each other, with <1% co-occurrenee at feedi ng sites. During the pre-breedi ng seas on, the probability of a subordi nate being present during diurnal hours was *** more likely than a dominant being present, but did not differ during nocturnal hours. There was no difference for dominants and subordinates during diurnal or no cturnal hours during the breedi ng season .In the post-breedi ng season, subordi nates were 1.7x more likely to occur at the feeding site than a dominant during diurnal hours but they did not differ during nocturnal hours. Our results indicate that dominance status influences temporal segregation at feeding sites and is affected by the phase of the breeding season. Therefore, the resulti ng activity patterns may in crease subordi nates' risk to human

关键词： competition multistate modeling predation risk supplemental feeding sites intraspecific temporal resource partitioning white-tailed deer

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Influence of bladder neck suspension stitches on early continence after radical prostatectomy： a prospective randomized study of 180 patients

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第6期13卷 806-811页

作者： Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg Martin Nicolaus Panagiotis Kallidonis Minh Do Anja Dietel Tim Haifner George Sakellaropoulos james Hicks david Nikoleishvili Evangelos Liatsikos Department of Urology University of Leipzig Leipzig 04103 Germany Department of Urology University of Patras Medical School Patras 26500 Greece Department of Medical Physics University of Patras Patras 26500 Greece

Several techniques have been introduced to improve early postoperative continence. In this study, we evaluated the impact of bladder neck （vesicourethral anastomosis） suspension on the outcome of extraperitoneal endoscopic radical prostatectomy （EERPE）. In this research, a total of 180 patients underwent EERPE. Group 1 included patients who underwent nerve-sparing EERPE （nsEERPE）（n=45）, and Group 2 included patients who underwent nsEERPE with bladder neck suspension （BNS, n=45）. Groups 3 （n=45） and 4 （n=45） included patients who received EERPE and EERPE with BNS, respectively. Patients were randomly assigned to receive BNS with their nsEERPE or EERPE procedure. Perioperative parameters were recorded, and continence was evaluated by determining the number and weight of absorbent pads （pad weighing test） on the second day after catheter removal and by a questionnaire 3 months postoperatively. Two days after catheter removal, 11.1% of Group 1, 11.1% of Group 2, 4.4% of Group 3 and 8.9% of Group 4 were conti nent. The average urine loss was 80.4, 70.1, 325.0 and 291.3 g for the each of these groups, respectively. At 3 months, 76.5% of Group I and 81.3% of Group 2 were continent. The continence figures for Group 3 and 4 were 48.5% and 43.8%, respectively. Similar overall rates were observed in all groups. In conclusion, although there are controversial reports in the literature, early continence was never observed to be significantly higher in the BNS groups when compared with the non-BNS groups, regardless of the EERPE technique performed.

关键词： bladder suspension extraperitoneal endoscopic radical prostatectomy nerve-sparing positive surgical margins prostatectomy vesicourethral anastomosis

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HVDC Macrogrid Modeling for Power-flow and Transient Stability Studies in North American Continental-level Interconnections

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2017年第4期3卷 390-398页

作者： Marcelo A.Elizondo Nihal Mohan james O’Brien Qiuhua Huang david Orser Warren Hess Hilary Brown Wenchun Zhu Divya Chandrashekhara Yuri V.Makarov Dale Osborn james Feltes Harold Kirkham david Duebner Zhenyu Huang Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA 99354USA Midcontinent Independent System Operator EaganMN 55121USA Siemens PTI SchenectadyNY 12305USA

voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission lines are being constructed throughout the world,aided by advancements in power electronics and the potential value to transfer power between distant areas and off-shore *** HVDC lines within and across large AC interconnections could bring about economic benefits such as interregional capacity exchange and transfer of low-cost,distant electric energy directly to load *** addition,network configuration of HVDC lines could result in additional benefits that have not been deeply *** paper describes the modeling process for continentallevel power system interconnections with the addition of multiple HVDC lines configured as a *** models used for study are based on industry-accepted power-flow and dynamic system models for the North American Eastern and Western *** model provides insight on feasibility and initial steady-state and stability tests of the HVDC macrogrid and its interactions with the existing electricity infrastructure,opening the door to analysis of the technical value of such a macrogrid.

关键词： HVDC models HVDC transmission modeling power-flow power system dynamic stability power system planning

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The Interaction of Spinach Nitrite Reductase with Ferredoxin： A Site-Directed Mutation Study

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 407-415页

作者： Masakazu Hirasawa Jatindra N. Tripathy Ramasamy Somasundaram Michael K. Johnson Megha Bhalla james R Allen david B. Knaff Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409-1061 USA Department of Chemistry University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-1604 USA Institute for Biotechnology and Genomics Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409-1061 USA

A series of site-directed mutants of the ferredoxin-dependent spinach nitrite reductase has been characterized and several amino acids have been identified that appear to be involved in the interaction of the enzyme with ferredoxin. In a complementary study, binding constants to nitrite reductase and steady-state kinetic parameters of site-directed mutants of ferredoxin were determined in an attempt to identify ferredoxin amino acids involved in the interaction with nitrite reductase. The results have been interpreted in terms of an in-silico docking model for the 1：1 complex of ferredoxin with nitrite reductase.

关键词： Electron transport enzymology nitrogen metabolism molecular biology.

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Parkinson’s Disease—Apoptosis and Dopamine Oxidation

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Open Journal of Apoptosis 2012年第1期1卷 1-8页

作者： james david Adams Jr. University of Southern California

Tyrosine hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase and aldehyde dehydrogenase all form oxygen radicals as part of their mechanisms of action. These oxygen radicals damage dopaminergic neurons in the substantianigra of the midbrain and cause them to die by a process of necrosis or apoptosis. Oxygen radicals quickly abstract hydrogen from DNA forming DNA radicals and causing DNA fragmentation, activation of DNA protective mechanisms, NAD depletion and cell death. Tyrosine hydroxylase is present in all dopaminergic neurons, is involved in the synthesis of dopamine and forms oxygen radicals in a redox mechanism involving its cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin. Levodopa is used therapeutically in Parkinson’s disease patients since it is a precursor for dopamine, an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, and prolongs pa-tient’s lives. Monoamine oxidase converts dopamine into 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and forms oxygen *** dehydrogenase oxidizes the aldehyde and forms oxygen radicals and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. The treatment of Parkinson’s disease should involveinhibitors of oxygen radical formation in dopaminergic neurons and neuroprotective agents that stimulate DNA repair and prevent cell death.

关键词： Tyrosine Hydroxylase Monoamine Oxidase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

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Preventive medicine and the traditional concept of living in balance

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World Journal of Pharmacology 2013年第3期2卷 73-77页

作者： james david Adams Jr Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Southern California

Chronic diseases such as arthritis, heart disease and type 2 diabetes are becoming much more common. The cost of maintaining patients inflicted with these diseases increases yearly. These diseases were less common prior to 1970. This paper will consider several questions. How do toxic lifestyles contribute to these chronic diseases? What is preventive medicine? How can traditional healing help educate people about disease prevention? What is the traditional concept of balance and how is it important in modern medicine? The dangers of obesity are discussed in terms of inflammatory adipokine and inflammatory fat production. Mechanisms of disease causation or promotion are reviewed for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritis and cancer. A preventive medicine approach to preventing or perhaps curing these diseases is given which involves treating toxic lifestyles and encouraging people to live in balance. The traditional concept of balance is explained in traditional Chinese medicine terms and in scientific terms. Yin and yang are cold and hot but can also be seen as agonist and antagonist. In addition, yin and yang can be seen as rest and exercise. When yin and yang are in balance, chi flows in the body. Chi is the flow of extracellular and intracellular signaling compounds and processes in the body. When the body isin balance, it can heal itself. The traditional concept of balance should be taught as a central principle of preventive medicine.

关键词： Preventive medicine Traditional healing Balance Arthritis Heart disease Type 2 diabetes Cancer

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Operational adaptations of the trachoma pre-validation surveillance strategy employed in Ghana:a qualitative assessment of successes and challenges

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第4期8卷 104-105页

作者： Laura Senyonjo Agatha Aboe Robin Bailey david Agyemang Benjamin Marfo Seth Wanye Elena Schmidt james Addy Karl Blanchet Research team SightsaversHaywards HeathUK Clinical Research Department London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUK 不详

Background:In 2009 Ghana began to design a trachoma pre-validation surveillance plan,based on then-current WHO *** plan aimed to identify active trachoma resurgence and identify and manage trichiasis cases,through both active and passive surveillance *** paper outlines and reviews the adaptations made by Ghana between 2011 and *** assessment will provide a learning opportunity for a number of countries as they progress towards elimination ***:A mixed methods approach was taken,comprising in-depth interviews and documents *** January and April 2016,20 in-depth interviews were conducted with persons involved in the operationalisation of the trachoma surveillance system from across all levels of the health system.A three-tier thematic coding framework was developed using a primarily inductive approach but also allowed for a more iterative approach,which drew on aspects of grounded ***:During the operationalisation of the Ghana surveillance plan there were a number of adaptations(as compared to the WHO recommendations),these included:(i)Inclusion of surveillance of active trachoma in the passive surveillance approach,as compared to trichiasis *** with case identification,challenges in implementation coverage and a non-specific reporting structure hampered effectiveness;(ii)Random selection and increase in number of sites selected for the active surveillance *** likely lacked the spatiotemporal power to be able to identify recrudescence in a timely manner;(iii)Targeted trichiasis door-to-door case searches,led by ophthalmic *** effective methodology to identify trichiasis cases but resource intensive;(iv)A buddy system between ophthalmic nurses to support technical skills in an elimination setting where it is difficult to attain diagnostic and surgical skills,due to a lack of *** strategy did not take into account the loss of proficiency within experienced ***

关键词： Trachoma Pre-validation Surveillance Elimination Case-finding Surveillance strategy Adaptation

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Percutaneous coronary interventions in the elderly:a 10-year experience in Northern New England

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2005年第1期2卷 17-22页

作者： david J.Malenka james T.DeVries Samuel J.Shubrooks for the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group Section of Cardiology Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center LebanonNH Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences Dartmouth Medical SchoolHanoverNHUSA for the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group Section of Cardiology Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center LebanonNHUSA for the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group Division of Cardiology Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center BostonMAUSA Jr

Background There is a paucity of information available for clinical decision making applying to the elderly patient population. Therefore, data of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) including demographic information on the elderly patients, procedural practices, and outcomes are needed. Objectives and Methods From consecutive PCIs of participating institutions, demographics data, clinical, angiographic success and adverse clinical outcomes were collected. Standard statistical methods were used to compare crude differences in patient and procedural characteristics across age groups. Results At baseline, the prevalence of comorbid conditions ( renal failure and heart failure) increased with age. Unstable angina or a non-ST elevation MI were the most common indications for PCI across all age groups. Fewer patients ≥ 80 years old were undergoing primary PCI and older patients were somewhat less likely to receive a Ⅱb/Ⅲa receptor blocker. Slightly more patients ≥ 80 years old underwent a 2-vessel PCI ( consistent with them having more multivessel disease) and these patients were more likely to have an intervention on a Type C lesion. Compared to patients ＜ 50 years old, those aged ≥ 70 years old had a significantly increased risk of death, MI, stroke, or vascular complications at the access site. Conclusions This study suggests increasing age is associated with increasing risk for an adverse outcome following PCI. This is in part attributable to case-mix but likely, also related to the changing physiology of aging. Despite the increased risk of the procedure, the clinical success rate for PCI is quite high and makes it a reasonable alternative for the treatment of CAD in the elderly.

关键词： coronary artery disease elderly percutaneous coronary intervention

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Chemotherapy plus percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in patients with inoperable colorectal liver metastases

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2011年第4期3卷 60-66页

作者： Joseph Sgouros james Cast Krishna K Garadi Maria Belechri david J Breen John RT Monson Anthony Maraveyas Academic Department of Oncology Castle Hill HospitalCottinghamHU16 5JQUnited Kingdom "Agii Anargiri" Cancer Hospital Radiology Department Castle Hill Hospital Academic Department of Oncology Castle Hill Hospital Division of Colorectal Surgery Department of Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center

AIM:To access the efficacy of chemotherapy plus radiofrequency ablation(RFA)as one line of treatment in inoperable colorectal liver ***:Eligible patients were included in three PhaseⅡ*** the first study percutaneous RFA was used first followed by 6 cycles of 5-fluorouracil,leucovorin and irinotecan combination(FOLFIRI)(adjunctive chemotherapy trial).In the other two,chemotherapy(FOLFIRI or 5-fluorouracil,leucovorin and oxaliplatin combination)up to 12 cycles was used first with percutaneous RFA offered to responding patients (primary chemotherapy trials).RESULTS:Thirteen patients were included in the adjunctive chemotherapy trial and 17 in the other *** inclusion they had 1-4 liver metastases(up to 6.5 cm in size).Two patients died during *** patients in the adjunctive chemotherapy trial and 44%in the primary chemotherapy studies had their metastases *** PFS and overall survival in the adjunctive study were 13 and 24 mo respectively while in the primary chemotherapy studies they were 10 and 21 mo *** one percent of the patients had tumour relapse in at least one previously ablated ***:Chemotherapy plus RFA in patients with low volume inoperable colorectal liver metastases seems safe and relatively *** high local recurrence rate is of concern.

关键词： Chemotherapy Colorectal cancer Liver metastases Radiofrequency ablation

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Towards an all-vanadium redox flow battery with higher theoretical volumetric capacities by utilizing the VO^2＋/V^3＋ couple

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第5期27卷 1381-1385页

作者： Wentao Duan Bin Li Dongping Lu Xiaoliang Wei Zimin Nie Vijayakumar Murugesan james P. Kizewski Aaron Hollas david Reed Vincent Sprenkle Wei Wang Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RO. Box 999 Richland Washington 99352 United States

An all-vanadium redox flow battery with V（IV） as the sole parent active species is developed by accessing the VO2＋/V3＋ redox couple. These batteries, referred to as V4RBs, possess a higher theoretical volumetric c... 详细信息

关键词： Vanadium Redoxreactions Redox flow battery Energy density Cu

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