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Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhilin lI Jiayu lU Xiaoyi SHI li’an dUO james l.d.SMITH Tianming WANG Tianjin Key laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal diversity College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Ministry of Education Key laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and leopard BeijingChina

Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore *** studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and leopards(***)span decades,there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale,as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference *** gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models;we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and *** and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence *** and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial *** addition,they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey-rich *** determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation ***,studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference *** study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad ***-makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abundance,and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.

关键词： carnivores coexistence mechanisms competitive interactions exploitative competition interference competition

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Nickel sulfate solution fluoride separation with hydrous zirconium oxide

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 367-381页

作者： Elbert M.Nigri Ummul K.Sultana André l.A.Santos james W.Vaughan Sonia d.F.Rocha department of Mining Engineering Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil School of Chemical Engineering University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072Australia

Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle *** zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate *** fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5,considering Zr *** availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous *** removal is initially rapid,with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,followed by slow removal up to 68 wt.%after 72 h and follows second order rate *** removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform infrared *** presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free *** maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.

关键词： Hydrous zirconium oxide Nickel sulfate Fluoride Adsorption Anion exchange

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Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph Rich Brian Cole Teng li Brandon lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.Smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong james l.doherty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron d.Franklin Tony Jun Huang department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas lord department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA deptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The addition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluidics has greatly advanced lab-on-a-chip applications due to their unique and powerful attributes,including high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and rapid ***,the development of SAW microfluidic devices is limited by complex and time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and vacuum-based *** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluidic devices with customizable dimensions and functions,we utilized the additive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated customized SAW microfluidic devices of varying materials,including silver nanowires,graphene,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEdOT:PSS).To characterize and compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed SAW microfluidic devices with their cleanroom-fabricated counterparts,the wave displacements and resonant frequencies of the different fabricated devices were directly measured through scanning laser doppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed devices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully conducted acoustic streaming and particle concentration ***,we demonstrated a novel solution-based,direct-write,single-step,cleanroom-free additive manufacturing technique to rapidly develop SAW microfluidic devices that shows viability for applications in the fields of biology,chemistry,engineering,and medicine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

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An Automated,Highly Selective Reaction Monitoring Instrument Using Molecular Rotational Resonance Spectroscopy

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第2期2卷 57-62页

作者： Ann Adele Byars Khushi R.Kompally Emily Mechnick Reilly E.Sonstrom Alexander Mikhonin Justin l.Neill Ruth Boetzel james MacGregor Courtney Talicska Jian li Yizhou liu BrightSpec Inc.CharlottesvilleVirginia 22903United States Pfizer R&d UK limited Sandwich CT139NJUnited Kingdom Analytical Research and development Pfizer Research and DevelopmentGrotonConnecticut 06340United States

Online monitoring of chemical reactions by using analytical chemistry tools is a powerful way to maximize control over these *** this paper,we demonstrate the use of molecular rotational resonance,an emerging and extraordinarily selective spectroscopic technique,to perform automated reaction monitoring *** interface using a six-port valve with a calibrated sample loop,coupled to a temperature controlled inlet for analyte volatilization,was developed and *** reactions were chosen for initial characterization:an amine-aldehyde condensation reaction to form an imine product and an isotopic exchange reaction of aβ-ketoester with keto-enol *** spectrometer was able to provide kinetic information about the reaction and determine reaction *** the future,this system can be extended to detect and quantify impurities and characterize reaction selectivity,in addition to the reaction progress.

关键词： molecular rotational resonance spectroscopy reaction monitoring reaction kinetics isotopes process analytical technology

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Ground-based and additional science support for SMIlE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear d.G.Sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes d.d.Billet G.Chisham A.dimmock M.P.Freeman d.-S.Han M.d.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.james l.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae l.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere link Explorer(SMIlE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMIlE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMIlE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMIlE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SMIlE data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMIlE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMIlE conjunctions missions

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Addressing the impact of canine distemper spreading on an isolated tiger population in northeast Asia

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第6期18卷 994-1008页

作者： dawei WANG james l.d.SMITH Francesco ACCATINO Jianping GE Tianming WANG Ministry of Education Key laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering NFGA Key Laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard&College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA UMR SAdAPT INRAEAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-SaclayPALAISEAU CedexFrance

The continuation of the isolated Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)population living along the China-Russia border is facing serious challenges due to factors such as its small size(including 38 individuals)and canine distemper virus(CdV).We use a population viability analysis metamodel,which consists of a traditional individual-based demographic model linked to an epidemiological model,to assess options for controlling the impact of negative factors through domestic dog management in protected areas,increasing connectivity to the neighboring large population(including more than 400 individuals),and habitat *** intervention,under inbreeding depression of 3.14,6.29,and 12.26 lethal equivalents,our metamodel predicted the extinction within 100 years is 64.4%,90.6%,and 99.8%,*** addition,the simulation results showed that dog management or habitat expansion independently will not ensure tiger population viability for the next 100 years,and connectivity to the neighboring population would only keep the population size from rapidly ***,when the above three conservation scenarios are combined,even at the highest level of 12.26 lethal equivalents inbreeding depression,population size will not decline and the probability of extinction will bedings highlight that protecting the Amur tiger necessitates a multifaceted synergistic *** key management recommendations for this population underline the importance of reducing CdV threats and expanding tiger occupancy to its former range in China,but re-establishing habitat connectivity to the neighboring population is an important long-term objective.

关键词： Amur tiger canine distemper virus habitat connectivity metamodel population viability analysis(PVA)

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Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： james K.lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and *** present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of dl-Met and l-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and *** eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-Sl layer hybrid(TSl)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each *** treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)dl-Met injected(dlM);and 4)l-Met injected(lM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for *** results showed that both dlM and lM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(Pd to the *** dlM group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OClN)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSl genotype than the lM group(Pd insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(Md2),occludin(OClN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOd1),and GST3 genes than the TSl genotype(Plusion,these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal *** also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： dl-Methionine l-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

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The AlMA-QUARKS Survey.Ⅱ.The ACA 1.3 mm Continuum Source Catalog and the Assembly of dense Gas in Massive Star-Forming Clumps

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 119-139页

作者：许峰玮 Ke Wang Tie liu lei Zhu Guido Garay Xunchuan liu Paul Goldsmith Qizhou Zhang Patricio Sanhueza Shengli Qin Jinhua He Mika Juvela Anandmayee Tej Hongli liu Shanghuo li Kaho Morii Siju Zhang Jianwen Zhou Amelia Stutz Neal JEvans Kee-Tae Kim Shengyuan liu diego Mardones Guangxing li leonardo Bronfman Ken’ichi Tatematsu Chang Won lee Xing lu Xiaofeng Mai Sihan Jiao james O.Chibueze Keyun Su Viktor l.Tóth Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China department of Astronomy School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China departamento de Astronomía Universidad de ChileLas Condes7591245 SantiagoChile Jet Propulsion laboratory California Institute of Technology4800 Oak Grove DrivePasadena CA 91109USA Center for Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAI2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China department of Physics University of HelsinkiPO Box 64FI-00014 HelsinkiFinland Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695547KeralaIndia Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17D-69117 HeidelbergGermany department of Astronomy Graduate School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 6953121 BonnGermany departamento de AstronomÂıa Universidad de ConcepcionCasilla 160-CConcepci onChile department of Astronomy The University of Texas at AustinTexas 78712-1205USA Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of Korea Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia SinicaRoosevelt RoadTaipei 10617TaiwanChina South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeok-daeroYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of

leveraging the high resolution,sensitivity,and wide frequency coverage of the Atacama large Millimeter/submillimeter Array(AlMA),the QUARKS survey,standing for“Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with AlMA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures”,is observing 139 massive starforming clumps at AlMA Band 6(λ~1.3 mm).This paper introduces the Atacama Compact Array(ACA)7 m data of the QUARKS survey,describing the ACA observations and data *** multiwavelength data,we provide the first edition of QUARKS atlas,offering insights into the multiscale and multiphase interstellar medium in high-mass star *** ACA 1.3 mm catalog includes 207 continuum sources that are called ACA *** gas kinetic temperatures are estimated using three formaldehyde transitions with a non-lTE radiation transfer model,and the mass and density are derived from a dust emission *** ACA sources are massive(16–84 percentile values of 6–160 M_(⊙)),gravity-dominated(M∝R^(1.1))fragments within massive clumps,with supersonic turbulence(M>1)and embedded star-forming *** find a linear correlation between the masses of the fragments and the massive clumps,with a ratio of 6%between the *** considering fragments as representative of dense gas,the ratio indicates a dense gas fraction(dGF)of 6%,although with a wide scatter ranging from 1%to 10%.If we consider the QUARKS massive clumps to be what is observed at various scales,then the size-independent dGF indicates a self-similar fragmentation or collapsing mode in protocluster *** the ACA data over four orders of magnitude of luminosity-to-mass ratio(l/M),we find that the dGF increases significantly with l/M,which indicates clump evolutionary *** observed a limited fragmentation at the subclump scale,which can be explained by a dynamic global collapse process.

关键词： stars:formation ISM:kinematics and dynamics ISM:clouds stars:protostars

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Aggregation-Induced Synthesis (AIS): Asymmetric Synthesis via Chiral Aggregates

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Research 2022年第4期2022卷 731-739页

作者： Hossein Rouh Yao Tang Ting Xu Qingkai Yuan Sai Zhang Jia-Yin Wang Shengzhou Jin Yu Wang Junyi Pan Hannah lWood james d.Mcdonald Guigen li department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTexas 79409-1061USA Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

A new chiral aggregate-based tool for asymmetric synthesis has been developed by taking advantage of chiral aggregates of GAP(Group-Assisted Purification)reagents,N-phosphonyl *** tool was proven to be successful in the asymmetric GAP synthesis of functionalized 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans by reacting salicyl N-phosphonyl imines with dialkyl bromomalonates in various cosolvent *** chiral induction can be controlled by differentiating between two asymmetric directions simply by changing the ratios of cosolvents which are commonly adopted in AIE(aggregation-induced emission)*** formation of chiral aggregates was witnessed by a new analytical tool-aggregation-induced polarization(AIP).The present synthetic method will be broadly extended for general organic synthesis,particularly,for asymmetric synthesis and asymmetric catalysis in the future.

关键词： asymmetric chiral synthesis

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land use legacy for a tropical myco-heterotroph: how spatial patterns of abundance, reproductive effort and success vary

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第2期12卷 367-375页

作者： Stephen McAuliffe james d.Ackerman Raymond l.Tremblay department of Environmental Science Humboldt State UniversityArcataCAUSA Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation University of Puerto RicoSan JuanPRUSA department of Biology University of Puerto Rico17 Ave Universidad Suite 1701San JuanPR 00925-2537USA department of Biology University of Puerto RicoHumacaoPRUSA

Aims Human land use such as agriculture and logging can have cascad-ing effects on the environment and severely influence forest eco-systems by altering structure,species composition and community *** activities may have long-term consequences,which impact forest *** investigated the legacy of his-torical anthropogenic land use on the current reproductive effort(RE)and success of the understory,myco-heterotrophic orchid,Wullschlaegelia calcarata in Puerto Rico’s tropical rain forest after 80 years of forest *** Our study site was the 16-ha luquillo Forest dynamics Plot in the luquillo Experimental *** used six 10 m×500 m transect lines that spanned areas with differing levels of historic canopy coverage which are correlated with land use *** recorded the abundance of *** plants and measured shoot height,number of flowers,fruit set for all plants and seed set from the most mature,undehisced fruit on a random subset of plants *** sought to determine whether or not there is a legacy of land use history on the RE and success of *** the varying degrees of historic disturbance,we predicted that RE and success would be highest in minimally disturbed old-growth forest,and that soil type differences would be insufficient to affect RE or *** Findings We found 1607 plants of ***,and only one was detected in the most historically disturbed area of the *** orchids were most abundant in the two least historically disturbed ***,the prevailing trend in all measures of RE is in the opposite direction with greater RE in the forest plots with intermediate levels of histori-cal ***,the best model(as a function of AICc and weights)to predict RE is a combination of soil type and cover ***,our measures of reproductive success(fruit and seed set)were best in the least historically disturbed sites and were not associated with soil ***,the b

关键词： forest recovery Orchidaceae tropical forest disturbance ecology Wullschlaegelia

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