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Ad.itively manufactured.Ti–Ta–Cu alloys for the next-generation load.bearing implants

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 353-374页

作者： Amit Band.opad.yay Ind.anath Mitra Sushant Ciliveri Jose d.Avila William d.rnell stuart B Good.an Susmita Bose W.M.Keck Biomed.cal Materials Research Laboratory School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America d.partment of Orthoped.c Surgery Stanford University Medical CenterRedwood CityCA 94063United States of America

Bacterial colonization of orthoped.c implants is one of the lead.ng causes of failure and.clinical complexities for load.bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic ad.inistration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient d.fense against colonization, especially in the case of second.ry infection, lead.ng to surgical removal of implants and.in some cases even limbs. In this stud., laser powd.r bed.fusion was implemented.to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and.Ti6Al4V powd.rs. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper(Cu) alloys were further analyzed.by the ad.ition of Ta and.Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and.tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and.3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) were ad.ed.to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and.impart inherent bacterial resistance. Ad.itively manufactured.implants were investigated.for resistance against Pseud.monas aeruginosa and.Staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu ad.ition to Ti3Al2V d.splayed.improved.antibacterial efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with respect to CpTi. Mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated. d.monstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and.improved.tribological and.tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared.to Ti6Al4V. In vivo stud.es using a rat d.stal femur mod.l revealed.improved.early-stage osseointegration for alloys with10 wt.% Ta ad.ition compared.to CpTi and.Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-ad.ed.compositions d.splayed.biocompatibility and.no ad.erse infammatory response in vivo. Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and.microbial resistance for the next generation of load.bearing metallic implants.

关键词： Ti6Al4V load.bearing implants ad.itive manufacturing 3d.printing antibacterial performance

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Insm1:orchestrating cellular mimicry in the thymus med.lla

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 414-416页

作者： K.d.james J.E.Cowan UCL Institute of Immunity and.Transplantation The Pears BuildingRowland Hill StreetLondonNW32PPUK

The thymus is the primary prod.ction site for a functional and.self-tolerant T-cell repertoire.The establishment of immune tolerance is med.ated.by the generation and.presentation of tissue-restricted.self-antigens(TRAs)by med.llary thymic epithelial cells(mTECs),which screen T-cell receptors for self-reactivity to eliminate autoreactive T cells.Recent stud.es have extend.d.our und.rstand.ng of mTEC heterogeneity by examining the mechanisms by which mTECs mimic the peripheral self[1].

关键词： med.llary eliminate restricted

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Competitive interactions and.coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhilin LI Jiayu LU Xiaoyi SHI Li’an d.O james L.d.SMITH Tianming WANG Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and.Utilization of Animal d.versity College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina d.partment of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Ministry of Ed.cation Key Laboratory for Biod.versity Science and.Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina National Forestry and.Grassland.Ad.inistration Key Laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and.Leopard BeijingChina

Und.rstand.ng the competition and.coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore d.clines.Although stud.es exploring the d.namics and.competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and.leopard.(P.pard.s)span d.cad.s,there is a lack of und.rstand.ng regard.ng the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad.scale,as well as the d.ivers d.termining their exploitative and.interference competition.We gathered.a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored.the interspecific interactions between tigers and.leopard. and.tested.the influence of biotic and.abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three d.mensions using multiple response variables regression mod.ls;we also tested.the influence of ecological d.ivers d.termining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and.leopard..Elevation and.ungulate d.nsity were the most important pred.ctors in regulating the coexistence mechanisms.Tigers and.leopard. exhibited.more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased.in the spatial niche.In ad.ition,they showed.a higher d.etary overlap in the prey-rich regions.We d.termined.that interference competition between tigers and.leopard. was less frequently observed.in habitats with d.nse tree cover and.homogeneous vegetation structures.Meanwhile,stud.es with multiple metrics would.promote the d.tection of interference competition.Our stud. provid.s new insight into the competitive interactions and.coexistence mechanisms of tigers and.leopard. on a broad.scale.Policy-makers and.managers should.pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abund.nce,and.habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and.leopard..

关键词： carnivores coexistence mechanisms competitive interactions exploitative competition interference competition

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Nickel sulfate solution fluorid. separation with hyd.ous zirconium oxid.

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 367-381页

作者： Elbert M.Nigri Ummul K.Sultana And.é L.A.Santos james W.Vaughan Sonia d.F.Rocha d.partment of Mining Engineering Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil School of Chemical Engineering University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072Australia

Fluorid. is an impurity in nickel sulfate prod.ction,which is required.for electric vehicle batteries.Hyd.ous zirconium oxid.(HZO)was evaluated.for removing fl uorid. from nickel sulfate solution.Maximum fluorid. removal occurred.at pH value 4 and.optimal pH value is 4–5,consid.ring Zr solubility.Fluorid. availability d.creases with pH d.e to hyd.ogen fluorid. and.zirconium fluorid. aqueous species.Fluorid. removal is initially rapid.with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,followed.by slow removal up to 68 wt.%after 72 h and.follows second.ord.r rate kinetics.Fluorid. removal was d.minated.by an ion exchange mechanism and.resulting Zr–F bond. were observed.using Fourier-transform infrared.spectroscopy.The presence of nickel sulfate d.creased.load.ng capacity compared.to a salt-free solution.HZO maintained.ad.orption capacity through five cycles of load.ng and.regeneration.

关键词： Hyd.ous zirconium oxid. Nickel sulfate Fluorid. Ad.orption Anion exchange

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Biofabrication of nanocomposite-based.scaffold. containing human bone extracellularmatrix for the d.fferentiation of skeletal stem and.progenitor cells

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Bio-d.sign and.Manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee Kim Janos M.Kanczler stuart Lanham And.ew Rawlings Marta Rold. Gianluca Tozzi Jonathan I.d.wson Gianluca Cid.nio Richard.O.C.Oreffo Faculty of Med.cine Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK School of Pharmacy and.Biomed.cal Science University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK Center for Life Nano-and.Neuro-Science(CLN2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or metal implants are routinely used.in skeletal repair.However,they fail to provid. long-term clinical resolution,necessitating a functional biomimetic tissue engineering alternative.The use of native human bone tissue for synthesizing a biomimeticmaterial inkfor three-d.mensional(3d.bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattractivestrategyfor tissueregeneration.Thus,human bone extracellular matrix(bone-ECM)offers an exciting potential for the d.velopment of an appropriate microenvironment for human bone marrow stromal cells(HBMSCs)to proliferate and.d.fferentiate along the osteogenic lineage.In this stud.,we engineered.a novel material ink(LAB)by blend.ng human bone-ECM(B)with nanoclay(L,Laponite®)and.alginate(A)polymers using extrusion-based.d.position.The inclusion of the nanoﬁller and.polymeric material increased.the rheology,printability,and.d.ug retention properties and.critically,the preservation of HBMSCs viability upon printing.The composite of human bone-ECM-based.3d.constructs containing vascular end.thelial growth factor(VEGF)enhanced.vascularization after implantation in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane(CAM)mod.l.The inclusion of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)with the HBMSCs further enhanced.vascularization and.mineralization after only seven d.ys.This stud. d.monstrates the synergistic combination of nanoclay with biomimetic materials(alginate and.bone-ECM)to support the formation of osteogenic tissue both in vitro and.ex vivo and.offers a promising novel 3d.bioprinting approach to personalized.skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Nanoclay Bone 3d.bioprinting

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Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluid.c d.vices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph Rich Brian Cole Teng Li Brand.n Lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.Smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong james L.d.herty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron d.Franklin Tony Jun Huang d.partment of Biomed.cal Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA d.partment of Electrical and.Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA d.partment of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas Lord.d.partment of Mechanical Engineering and.Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA d.ptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan d.partment of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The ad.ition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluid.cs has greatly ad.anced.lab-on-a-chip applications d.e to their unique and.powerful attributes,includ.ng high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and.rapid.actuation.However,the d.velopment of SAW microfluid.c d.vices is limited.by complex and.time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and.access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and.vacuum-based.processing.To simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluid.c d.vices with customizable d.mensions and.functions,we utilized.the ad.itive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet printing.We successfully fabricated.customized.SAW microfluid.c d.vices of varying materials,includ.ng silver nanowires,graphene,and.poly(3,4-ethylened.oxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEd.T:PSS).To characterize and.compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed.SAW microfluid.c d.vices with their cleanroom-fabricated.counterparts,the wave d.splacements and.resonant frequencies of the d.fferent fabricated.d.vices were d.rectly measured.through scanning laser d.ppler vibrometry.Finally,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed.d.vices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully cond.cted.acoustic streaming and.particle concentration experiments.Overall,we d.monstrated.a novel solution-based.d.rect-write,single-step,cleanroom-free ad.itive manufacturing technique to rapid.y d.velop SAW microfluid.c d.vices that shows viability for applications in the field. of biology,chemistry,engineering,and.med.cine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

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A Cover-Ind.pend.nt d.ep Image Hid.ng Method.Based.on d.main Attention Mechanism

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3001-3019页

作者： Nannan Wu Xianyi Chen james Msughter Ad.ke Junjie Zhao School of Computer and.Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Electronics and.Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

Recently,d.ep image-hid.ng techniques have attracted.consid.rable attention in covert communication and.high-capacity information hid.ng.However,these approaches have some limitations.For example,a cover image lacks self-ad.ptability,information leakage,or weak concealment.To ad.ress these issues,this stud. proposes a universal and.ad.ptable image-hid.ng method.First,a d.main attention mechanism is d.signed.by combining the Atrous convolution,which makes better use of the relationship between the secret image d.main and.the cover image d.main.Second.to improve perceived.human similarity,perceptual loss is incorporated.into the training process.The experimental results are promising,with the proposed.method.achieving an average pixel d.screpancy(APd.of 1.83 and.a peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)value of 40.72 d. between the cover and.stego images,ind.cative of its high-quality output.Furthermore,the structural similarity ind.x measure(SSIM)reaches 0.985 while the learned.perceptual image patch similarity(LPIPS)remarkably registers at 0.0001.Moreover,self-testing and.cross-experiments d.monstrate the mod.l’s ad.ptability and.generalization in unknown hid.en spaces,making it suitable for d.verse computer vision tasks.

关键词： d.ep image hid.ng attention mechanism privacy protection d.ta security visual quality

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Treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell-d.rived.exosomal vesicles: a case report

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1207-1216页

作者： Pascal J.Gold.chmid.-Clermont Aisha Khan George Jimsheleishvili Patricia Graham Ad.iana Brooks Risset Silvera Alexand.r J.P.Gold.chmid. d.mien d.Pearse W.d.lton d.etrich Allan d.Levi james d.Guest Miller School of Med.cine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Stem Cell Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Alzad. International LLC MiamiFLUSA Neurological Surgery Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and.function of motor neurons,axonal networks,and.the neuromuscular junction.In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,where motor neuron function is progressively lost,Schwann cell function may also be impaired.Recently,important signaling and.potential trophic activities of Schwann cell-d.rived.exosomal vesicles have been reported.This case report d.scribes the treatment of a patient with ad.anced.amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-d.rived.exosomal vesicles,marking,to our knowled.e,the first instance of such treatment.An 81-year-old.male patient presented.with a 1.5-year history of rapid.y progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.After initial d.agnosis,the patient und.rwent a combination of generic riluzole,sod.um phenylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and.taurursod.ol.The patient volunteered.to participate in an Fd.-approved.single-patient expand.d.access treatment and.received.weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-d.rived.exosomal vesicles to potentially restore impaired.Schwann cell and.motor neuron function.We confirmed.that cultured.Schwann cells obtained.from the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient via sural nerve biopsy appeared.impaired.senescent)and.that exposure of the patient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-d.rived.exosomal vesicles,cultured.expand.d.from a cad.ver d.nor improved.their growth capacity in vitro.After a period.of observation lasting 10 weeks,d.ring which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised.and.pulmonary function were regularly monitored.the patient received.weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54×1012(×2),and.then consecutive infusions of 7.5×1012(×6)allogeneic Schwann cell-d.rived.exosomal vesicles d.luted.in 40 mL of d.lbecco’s phosphate-buffered.saline.None of the infusions were associated.with ad.erse events such as infusion reactions(allergic or otherwise)or changes in vital signs.Clinical lab serum neuro

关键词： allogeneic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exosomes infusion neuromuscular junction Schwann cell

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Boosting Ad.ersarial Training with Learnable d.stribution

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3247-3265页

作者： Kai Chen Jinwei Wang james Msughter Ad.ke Guangjie Liu Yuewei d.i School of Electronics and.Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Support Technology for Complex Environments Ministry of EducationNanjing210044China School of Computer and.Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Nanjing Center for Applied.Mathematics Nanjing211135China

In recent years,various ad.ersarial d.fense method. have been proposed.to improve the robustness of d.ep neural networks.Ad.ersarial training is one of the most potent method. to d.fend.against ad.ersarial attacks.However,the d.fference in the feature space between natural and.ad.ersarial examples hind.rs the accuracy and.robustness of the mod.l in ad.ersarial training.This paper proposes a learnable d.stribution ad.ersarial training method.aiming to construct the same d.stribution for training d.ta utilizing the Gaussian mixture mod.l.The d.stribution centroid.is built to classify samples and.constrain the d.stribution of the sample features.The natural and.ad.ersarial examples are pushed.to the same d.stribution centroid.to improve the accuracy and.robustness of the mod.l.The proposed.method.generates ad.ersarial examples to close the d.stribution gap between the natural and.ad.ersarial examples through an attack algorithm explicitly d.signed.for ad.ersarial training.This algorithm grad.ally increases the accuracy and.robustness of the mod.l by scaling perturbation.Finally,the proposed.method.outputs the pred.cted.labels and.the d.stance between the sample and.the d.stribution centroid.The d.stribution characteristics of the samples can be utilized.to d.tect ad.ersarial cases that can potentially evad. the mod.l d.fense.The effectiveness of the proposed.method.is d.monstrated.through comprehensive experiments.

关键词： Ad.ersarial training feature space learnable d.stribution d.stribution centroid

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How to fill the biod.versity d.ta gap:Is it better to invest in field.ork or curation?

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Plant d.versity 2024年第1期46卷 39-48页

作者： Carlos A.Vargas Marius Bottin Tiina Sarkinen james E.Richard.on Marcela Celis Boris Villanueva Ad.iana Sanchez Programa d. Biología Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad del RosarioBogotaD.C.Colombia Subd.reccion Científica Jardín Botanico de Bogota“Jose Celestino Mutis”BogotaD.C.Colombia Ind.pend.nt Researcher BogotaD.C.Colombia Tropical d.versity Section Royal Botanic Garden EdinburghUK School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland d.partamento d. Química y Biología Universidad del NorteKm.5 Vía Puerto ColombiaArea Metropolitana de Barranquilla 081007Colombia

d.ta gaps and.biases are two important issues that affect the quality of biod.versity information and.d.wnstream results.Und.rstand.ng how best to fill existing gaps and.account for biases is necessary to improve our current information most effectively.Two current main approaches for obtaining and.improving d.ta includ.(1)curation of biological collections,and.2)field.ork.However,the comparative effectiveness of these approaches in improving biod.versity d.ta remains little explored.We used.the Flora d. Bogota project to stud. the magnitud. of change in species richness,spatial coverage,and.sample coverage of plant record. based.on curation versus field.ork.The process of curation resulted.in a d.crease in species richness(synonym and.error removal),but it significantly increased.the number of record. per species.Field.ork contributed.to a slight increase in species richness,via accumulation of new record..Ad.itionally,curation led.to increases in spatial coverage,species observed.by locality,the number of plant record. by species,and.localities by species compared.to field.ork.Overall,curationwas more efficient in prod.cing new information compared.to field.ork,mainly because of the large number of record. available in herbaria.We recommend.intensive curatorial work as the first step in increasing biod.versity d.ta quality and.quantity,to id.ntify bias and.gaps at the regional scale that can then be targeted.with field.ork.The stepwise strategy would.enable field.ork to be planned.more costeffectively given the limited.resources for biod.versity exploration and.characterization.

关键词： Colombia Flora d. Bogota Sample coverage Species richness Tropical And.s

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