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Nest sanitation behavior does not increase the likelihood of parasitic egg rejection in herring gulls

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current Zoology 2021年第6期67卷 675-681页

作者： james B.STRATTON Donald c.DEARBORN Department of Biology Bates CollegeLewistonME04240USA

Birds’behavioral response to brood parasitism can be influenced not only by evolution but also by context and individual *** could include nest sanitation,in which birds remove debris from their ***,nest sanitation behavior might be an evolutionary precursor to the rejection of parasitic ***,the context or experience of performing nest sanitation behavior might increase the detection or prime the removal of parasitic eggs,but evidence to date is *** tested incubation-stage nests of herring gulls Larus argentatus to ask whether nest sanitation increased parasitic egg *** an initial set of 160 single-object experiments,small,red,blocky objects were usually rejected(18 of 20 nests),whereas life-sized,3D-printed herring gull eggs were not rejected whether red(0 of 20)or the olive-tan base color of herring gull eggs(0 of 20).Next,we simultaneously presented a red,3D-printed gull egg and a small,red *** nests exhibited frequent nest sanitation(small,red block removed at 40 of 48 nests),but egg rejection remained uncommon(5 of those 40)and not significantly different from control nests(5 of 49)which received the parasitic egg but not the priming ***,performance of nest sanitation did not shape individuals’responses to ***,parents were more likely to reject the parasitic egg when they were present as we approached the nest to add the experimental *** on the underlying mechanism,this could also be a case of experience creating variation in responses to parasitism.

关键词： brood parasitism egg rejection herring gull nest sanitation behavior

Geochronology,Mineralogy,and Geochemistry of the Tonsteins from the Permo–carboniferous Benxi Formation,Ordos Basin,North china craton

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第5期97卷 1355-1371页

作者： WANG Luojing LÜDawei ZHANG Zhihui james c.HOWER Munira RAJI ZHANG Yushuai SHEN Yangyang GAO Jie Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals College of Earth Sciences and EngineeringShandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266590China University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy ResearchLexingtonKY 40511USA Sustainable Earth Institute University of PlymouthDevon PL48AAUK

Tonstein layers are found worldwide in the Permo-carboniferous coal-bearing *** study investigates the geochronology,mineralogy,and geochemistry of four tonstein samples from the Permo-carboniferous Benxi Formation,Ordos Basin,North china craton(Ncc).The typical features of the studied tonsteins include thin beds,lateral continuity,angular quartz grains,and euhedral zircons with similar U-Pb ages,indicating a significant pyroclastic *** addition,the tonstein samples have low TiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)ratios(concentrations with obvious negative Eu anomalies,indicating that the tonsteins have a felsic magma ***,compared with the mean composition of clay shale,the studied tonsteins are characterized by high concentrations of the elements Nb and Ta,which may affect the concentration of the corresponding elements in surrounding coal *** zircon U-Pb ages of the tonsteins(293.9-298.8 Ma)provide a precise chronological framework on the Benxi Formation in the Ordos Basin,constraining the Gzhelian-Aselian *** tonsteins were probably sourced from arc volcanism along the western margin of the Ncc during the early Permian,implying that the Alxa Terrane had not amalgamated with the Ncc at that time.

关键词： tonsteins geochemistry Permo–carboniferous North china craton

Painful intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammation:from laboratory evidence to clinical interventions

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Bone Research 2021年第1期9卷 1-14页

作者： Feng-Juan Lyu Haowen cui Hehai Pan Kenneth Mc cheung Xu cao james c.Iatridis Zhaomin Zheng School of Medicine South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina Department of Spine Surgery The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Breast Tumor center Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Orthopedics&Traumatology The University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina Department of Orthopedic Surgery Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Leni and Peter W.May Department of Orthopedics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA Pain Research center Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina

Low back pain(LBP),as a leading cause of disability,is a common musculoskeletal disorder that results in major social and economic *** research has identified inflammation and related signaling pathways as important factors in the onset and progression of disc degeneration,a significant contributor to *** mediators also play an indispensable role in discogenic *** suppression of LBP is a primary goal of clinical practice but has not received enough attention in disc research ***,an overview of the advances in inflammation-related pain in disc degeneration is provided,with a discussion on the role of inflammation in IVD degeneration and pain *** models,mechanical models,and spontaneous models as the main animal models to study painful disc degeneration are discussed,and the underlying signaling pathways are ***,potential drug candidates,either under laboratory investigation or undergoing clinical trials,to suppress discogenic LBP by eliminating inflammation are *** hope to attract more research interest to address inflammation and pain in IDD and contribute to promoting more translational research.

关键词： degeneration eliminating enough

Effect of Graphene Nanoribbons (TexasPEG) on locomotor function recovery in a rat model of lumbar spinal cord transection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第8期13卷 1440-1446页

作者： c-Yoon Kim William K. A. Sikkema Jin Kim Jeong Ah Kim james Walter Raymond Dieter Hyung-Min chung Andrea Mana james M. Tour Sergio canavero Department of Stem cell Biology School of Medicine Konkuk University Seoul Korea Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Korea Department of chemistry Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering and The NanoCarbon Center Rice University Houston TXUSA Biomedical Omics Group Korea Basic Science Institute Cheongju-si Chungbuk Korea Research Service Hines Veterans Administration Hospital Hines IL USA HEAVEN/GEMINI International collaborative Group Turin Italy

A sharply transected spinal cord has been shown to be fused under the accelerating influence of membrane fusogens such as polyethylene glycol （PEG）（GEMINI protocol）. Previous work provided evidence that this is in fact possible. Other fusogens might improve current results. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of PEGylated graphene nanoribons （PEG-GNR, and called ＂TexasPEG＂ when prepared as lwt% dispersion in PEG600） versus placebo （saline） on locomotor function recovery and cellular level in a rat model of spinal cord transection at lumbar segment 1 （L1） level. In vivo and in vitro experiments （n -- 10 per experiment） were designed. In the in vivo experiment, all rats were submitted to full spinal cord transection at L1 level. Five weeks later, behavioral assessment was performed using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan （BBB） locomotor rating scale. Immunohistochemical staining with neuron marker neurofilament 200 （NF200） antibody and astrocyt- ic scar marker glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） was also performed in the injured spinal cord. In the in vitro experiment, the effects of TexasPEG application for 72 hours on the neurite outgrowth of SH-SYSY cells were observed under the inverted microscope. Results of both in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that TexasPEG reduces the formation of glial scars, promotes the regeneration of neurites, and thereby contributes to the recovery of locomotor function of a rat model of spinal cord transfection.

关键词： nerve regeneration spinal cord transfection spinal cord fusion GEMINI TexasPEG graphene nanoribbons

cryptocurrency valuation and ethics:a text analytic approach

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Journal of Management Analytics 2020年第3期7卷 367-388页

作者： james R.Barth Hemantha S.B.Herath Tejaswini c.Herath Pei Xu Department of Finance Auburn UniversityAuburnUSA Department of Accounting Brock UniversitySt.CatharinesCanada Department of Finance Operationsand Information SystemsBrock UniversitySt.CatharinesCanada Department of Systems and Technology Auburn UniversityAuburnUSA

A recent and potentially profound innovation is the creation of cryptocurrencies and the underlying technology that is essential for their use in various financial *** the anonymity of a user of a cryptocurrency,such digital currencies may be used for many different types of both lawful and illicit *** main purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which ethical considerations associated with the use of cryptocurrencies affect the valuations attached to such *** examination is based on a text analytic approach that involves measuring the extent to which ethical and unethical words are used in a discussion related to Bitcoin on Twitter to determine if there is a connection between ethics and cryptocurrency *** find the frequency of an unethical discussion about Bitcoin is negatively associated with its *** contrast,the frequency of an ethical discussion is positively associated with its price.

关键词： cryptocurrency Bitcoin Ethics Dark Net crypto-crime Twitter text analytics market reaction

The structure of microbial populations in Nelore GIT reveals inter-dependency of methanogens in feces and rumen

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 577-586页

作者： Bruno G.N.Andrade Flavia A.Bressani Rafael R.c.cuadrat Polyana c.Tizioto Priscila S.N.de Oliveira Gerson B.Mourão Luiz L.coutinho james M.Reecy james E.Koltes Paul Walsh Alexandre Berndt Julio c.P.Palhares Luciana c.A.Regitano Embrapa Southeast Livestock São CarlosBrazil Department of Molecular Epidemiology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke(DIfE)NuthetalGermany NGS Genomic Solutions PiracicabaBrazil Department of Animal Science University of São Paulo/ESALQPiracicabaBrazil Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA NSilico Life Science DublinIreland

Background:The success of different species of ruminants in the colonization of a diverse range of environments is due to their ability to digest and absorb nutrients from cellulose,a complex polysaccharide found in leaves and *** rely on a complex and diverse microbial community,or microbiota,in a unique compartment known as the rumen to break down this *** in microbial populations of the rumen can affect the host’s development,health,and ***,accessing the rumen is stressful for the ***,the development and use of alternative sampling methods are needed if this technique is to be routinely used in cattle *** this end,we tested if the fecal microbiome could be used as a proxy for the rumen microbiome due to its *** investigated the taxonomic composition,diversity and inter-relations of two different GIT compartments,rumen and feces,of 26 Nelore(Bos indicus)bulls,using Next Generation Sequencing(NGS)metabarcoding of bacteria,archaea and ciliate ***:We identified 4265 Amplicon Sequence Variants(ASVs)from bacteria,571 from archaea,and 107 from protozoa,of which 143(96 bacteria and 47 archaea)were found common between both *** most prominent bacterial phyla identified were Bacteroidetes(41.48%)and Firmicutes(56.86%)in the ruminal and fecal microbiomes,respectively,with Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae UcG-005 the most relatively abundant genera identified in each *** most abundant archaeal phylum identified was Euryarchaeota,of which Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii,a methanogen,was the prevalent archaeal species identified in both *** were found exclusively identified in the rumen with Bozasella/Triplumaria being the most frequent genus ***-occurrence among ruminal and fecal ASVs reinforces the relationship of microorganisms within a biological ***,the co-occurrence of shared archaeal ASVs between microbiomes indicat

关键词： Archaea Bacteria Bos indicus Metabarcoding Methanobrevibacter Microbiome Microbiota

A comparison of the ballistic behaviour of conventionally sintered and additively manufactured alumina

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第2期16卷 275-282页

作者： Gareth james Appleby-Thomas Kevin Jaansalu Amer Hameed Jonathan Painter james Shackel Julie Rowley centre for Defence Engineering Cranfield Defence and SecurityCranfield UniversityShrivenhamSwindonSN68LAUK Department of chemistry and chemical Engineering Royal Military College of CanadaPO Box 17000Station ForcesKingstonOntarioK7K 7B4Canada

Production of ceramic armour solutions on-demand/in-theatre would have significant logistical and military ***,even assuming that such technologies could be successfully deployed in the field,such near net-shape manufacturing technology is relatively immature compared to conventional sintering of *** this study,the ballistic performance of a series of additively manufactured(AM)/rapidly-prototyped(RP)alumina tiles of 97.2%of the density of Sintox FATM were investigated using both forward-and reverse-ballistic *** experiments,undertaken with compressed gasguns,employed the depth-of-penetration technique and flash X-ray as primary diagnostics to interrogate both efficiency of penetration and projectile-target interaction,*** RP alumina was found to exhibit useful ballistic properties,successfully defeating steel-cored(AP)7.62×39 mm BXN rounds at velocities of up-to c.a.850 m/s,while exhibiting comparable failure modes to conventionally sintered armour-grade Sintox ***,where aced into the RP material failure modes changed dramatically with performance dropping below that of conventionally sintered ***,the results from both sets of experiments were complimentary and clearly indicated the potential of such RP materials to play an active role in provision of real-world body armour solutions provided quality control of the RP material can be maintained.

关键词： Additive manufacture Rapidly prototyped Body armour Ballistics ceramics

Murine lung eosinophil activation and chemokine production in allergic airway inflammation

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第5期7卷 361-374页

作者： c Edward Rose Jr Joanne A Lannigan Paul Kim james J Lee Shu Man Fu Sun-sang J Sung Division of Pulmonary and critical care Department of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA Department of Microbiology University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA center for Immunity Inflammationand Regenerative Medicine and Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMayo Clinic ArizonaScottsdaleAZUSA

Eosinophils play important roles in asthma and lung *** models are widely used for assessing the functional significance and mechanistic basis for eosinophil involvements in these ***,little is known about tissue eosinophils in *** addition,little data on eosinophil chemokine production during allergic airway inflammation are *** this study,the properties and functions of homeostatic and activated eosinophils were *** from normal tissues expressed costimulation and adhesion molecules B7-1,B7-2 and IcAM-1 for Ag presentation but little major histocompatibility complex(MHc)class II,and were found to be poor stimulators of T-cell ***,these eosinophils expressed high levels of chemokine mRNA including c10,macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1a,MIP-1c,MIP-2,eotaxin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-5(McP-5),and produced chemokine *** intracellular chemokines decreased rapidly with concomitant surface marker downregulation upon in vitro culturing consistent with piecemeal *** eosinophils from mice with induced allergic airway inflammation exhibited increased chemokines mRNA expression and chemokines protein production and upregulated MHc class II and cD11c *** were also found to be the predominant producers of the ccR1 ligands ccL6/c10 and ccL9/MIP-1c in inflamed *** production of c10 and MIP-1c correlated with the marked influx of cD11bhigh lung dendritic cells during allergic airway inflammation and the high expression of ccR1 on these dendritic cells(Dcs).The study provided baseline information on tissue eosinophils,documented the upregulation of activation markers and chemokine production in activated eosinophils,and indicated that eosinophils were a key chemokine-producing cell type in allergic lung inflammation.

关键词： allergy chemokines eosinophils lung mouse

Dose estimation and shielding calculation for X-ray hazard at high intensity laser facilities

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chinese Physics c 2014年第12期38卷 82-87页

作者：邱睿张辉杨博 james c.Liu Sayed H.Rokni Michael B.Woods 李君利 Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of High Energy Radiation Imaging Fundamental Science Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education SLAc National Accelerator Laboratory: 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA

An ionizing radiation hazard produced from the interaction between high intensity lasers and solid targets has been observed. Laser-plasma interactions create “hot” electrons, which generate bremsstrahlung X-rays when they interact with ions in the target. However, up to now only limited studies have been conducted on this laser-induced radiological protection issue. In this paper, the physical process and characteristics of the interaction between high intensity lasers and solid targets are analyzed. The parameters of the radiation sources are discussed,including the energy conversion efficiency from laser to hot electrons, hot electron energy spectrum and electron temperature, and the bremsstrahlung X-ray energy spectrum produced by hot electrons. Based on this information,the X-ray dose generated with high-Z targets for laser intensities between 10^14 and 10^20W/cm^2 is estimated. The shielding effects of common shielding items such as the glass view port, aluminum chamber wall and concrete wall are also studied using the FLUKA Monte carlo code. This study provides a reference for the dose estimation and the shielding design of high intensity laser facilities.

关键词： X-ray high intensity laser dose shielding Monte carlo