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Histamine_2-receptor antagonists: Rapid development of tachyphylaxis with repeat dosing

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2014年第2期5卷 57-62页

作者： Johnson W McRorie james A Kirby Philip b Miner Quantitative Sciences Procter and GambleMasonOH 45040United States Corporate Pharmacy The Kroger CompanyCincinnatiOH 45246United States Oklahoma Foundation for Digestive Research Oklahoma CityOK 73104United StatesPresident

Histamine_2-receptor antagonists(H_2RAs) are availableover-the-counter (OTC) for the treatment and prevention of heartburn, but more than occasional, singledose use can lead to rapid development of tachyphylaxis. The aim of this review is to assess the publishedevidence regarding the development of tachyphylaxiswith repeat usage of H_2RAs. PubMed and SCOPUS were searched across all years to identify clinical studies thatexamined the development of tachyphylaxis with repeated dosing of H_2RAs. Although a single (first) doseof an H_2RA can be effective for controlling gastric acidand preventing or relieving food-related heartburn, numerous studies confirm that tachyphylaxis, also knownas tolerance, is consistently detected at the first timepoint assessed after the first dose, including the second day and/or second dose. Even if symptom relief isachieved with an H_2RA, it may be due to desensitizationof the esophagus to acid exposure, potentially providingsymptom relief without significantly decreasing esophageal acid exposure. When recommending OTC drugsfor treatment of frequent heartburn, clinicians shouldbe aware of the potential for rapid development oftachyphylaxis in patients who use H_2RAs for 2 or more consecutive days. Even if symptom relief is achieved, it may be due to desensitization of the esophagus to acid by the H_2RA, potentially providing symptom relief without significantly decreasing esophageal acid exposure. Other strategies, such as an OTC proton pump inhibitor, may be needed to optimize management of frequent heartburn.

关键词： Histamine2-receptor antagonist Tachyphylaxis Tolerance Gastric pH

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Colorful facial markings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： brett M.Culbert james b.barnett Isaac Y.Ligocki Matthew G.Salena Marian Y.L.Wong Ian M.Hamilton Sigal balshine Department of Integrative biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Department of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of biology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral *** signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small ***,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging Lake Tanganyika Neolamprologus pulcher visual signals

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A new fractal algorithm to model discrete sequences

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Chinese Physics b 2010年第9期19卷 274-278页

作者：翟明岳 Heidi Kuzuma james W. Rector School of EE Engineering North China Electric Power University Department of Civil Engineering University of California Lawrence berkeley Laboratory

Employing the properties of the affine mappings, a very novel fractal model scheme based on the iterative function system is proposed. We obtain the vertical scaling factors by a set of the middle points in each affine transform, solving the difficulty in determining the vertical scaling factors, one of the most difficult challenges faced by the fractal interpolation. The proposed method is carried out by interpolating the known attractor and the real discrete sequences from seismic data. The results show that a great accuracy in reconstruction of the known attractor and seismic profile is found, leading to a significant improvement over other fractal interpolation schemes.

关键词： fractal interpolation the vertical scaling factors iterative function system seismic data

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Tinnitus : theory and management /

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2004年

作者： Snow james b.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Soil-transmitted helminth egg contamination from soil of indigenous communities in selected barangays in Tigaon, Camarines Sur, Philippines

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第9期13卷 409-414页

作者： james Owen C.Delaluna Mary Jane C.Flores Vicente Y.belizario Jr. Jose Isagani b.Janairo Derick Erl P.Sumalapao biology Department College of ScienceDe La Salle UniversityManila Philippines biological Control Research Unit Center for Natural Sciences and Environmental ResearchDe La Salle UniversityManila Philippines Department of Parasitology College of Public HealthUniversity of the PhilippinesManila Philippines Department of Epidemiology and biostatistics College of Public HealthUniversity of the PhilippinesManila Philippines

Objective:To provide baseline data on the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis egg contamination in the soil among indigenous ***:A total of 317 soil samples from three barangays of indigenous communities communities in Tigaon,Camarines Sur,Philippines were examined for soil-transmitted helminthiasis egg contamination using optimized sugar flotation ***:Of the soil samples examined,141(44.48%)were contaminated by Ascaris spp.,Toxocara spp.,and Trichuris *** cumulative prevalence varying across the study sites(Pby Toxocara *** Trichuris *** a prevalence of 41.96%,7.57%,and 5.36%,***,Toxocara *** the highest intensity of contamination,followed by Ascaris *** Trichuris *** term of geometric mean soil-transmitted helminthiasis eggs recovered per one gram soil sample(34.25,21.45,and 11.85 respectively).Each study site harbors significant amount of soiltransmitted helminthiasis eggs and zoonotic Toxocara eggs,which present high risk of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection,particularly among children observed to play and cohabitate with animals known to be hosts of these ***:The alarming rate of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and Toxocara egg contamination reported in this study suggests that additional measures should be undertaken to control soil-transmitted helminthiasis and zoonotic intestinal infections in the country.

关键词： Indigenous peoples Soil-transmitted helminths Ascaris Toxocara Trichuris Public health

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CXCR4-Expressing Glial Precursor Cells Demonstrate Enhanced Migratory Tropism for Glioma

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第6期3卷 1086-1091页

作者： Moneeb Ehtesham reid C. Thompson Department of Neurological Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville USA.

Malignant glioma remains one of the most intractable of human cancers principally due to the highly infiltrative nature of these neoplasms. The use of neural precursor cells (NPC) has received considerable attention based on their ability to selectively migrate towards disseminated areas of tumor in vivo and their described ability to deliver tumor-directed therapies specifically to infiltrating tumor cells. Fundamental to optimizing the use of these cells for potential clinical translation is the development of an understanding regarding the biologic cues that govern their ability to migrate towards infiltrative glioma foci. To this end, in this paper we detail that NPC selected for double-expression of the glial-precursor marker A2b5 and the cell-surface chemokine receptor, CXCR4, demonstrate enhanced in vitro gliomadirected tropism. These findings demonstrate the relevance of these markers for the phenotypic segregation of an optimally tumor-tropic NPC sub-population as a means of enhancing NPC-based therapeutic strategies for the treatment of glioma.

关键词： Glioma CXCR4 Neural Precursor Cells brain Tumor(s)

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健康和技术

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生物工程进展 1992年第5期12卷 33-39页

作者： james b.Wyngaarden 袁萍美科学院

1992年5月19日—22日在丹麦召开的“世界工程技术科学院理事会”上,美国科学院外交秘书james ***作了一个有关“健康和技术”的报告,内容涉及封生物技术与医学和农业的关系。这项技术在美国的进展以及美国政府对待生物技术的政策等等。... 详细信息

1992年5月19日—22日在丹麦召开的“世界工程技术科学院理事会”上,美国科学院外交秘书james ***作了一个有关“健康和技术”的报告,内容涉及封生物技术与医学和农业的关系。这项技术在美国的进展以及美国政府对待生物技术的政策等等。这篇报告对于我们如何认识生物技术以及对生物技术的产品应采取的政策有一定的参考价值。中国科学院副院长胡启恒同志参加了会议并建议翻译成中文,现推荐发表在这刊物上,供各界读者参考。

关键词：生物工程学政策

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Anti-onchocerca Metabolites from Cyperus articulatus:Isolation,In Vitro Activity and In Silico‘Drug-Likeness’

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Natural Products and bioprospecting 2014年第4期4卷 243-249页

作者： Jonathan Alunge Metuge Smith b.babiaka james A.Mbah Fidele Ntie-Kang Godfred A.Ayimele Fidelis Cho-Ngwa ANDI Centre of Excellence Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaCameroon Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaCameroon Chemical and bioactivity Information Centre Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaCameroon

The aims of this investigation were to isolate active ingredients from the roots/rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus used as herbal medicine in Cameroon for the treatment of human onchocerciasis and to assess the efficacy of the metabolites on the Onchocerca *** antifilarial activity was evaluated in vitro on microfilariae(Mfs)and adult worms of the bovine derived Onchocerca ochengi,a close relative of Onchocerca *** was assessed in vitro on monkey kidney epithelial *** structures of the active compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods and their drug-likeness evaluated using Lipinski *** secondary metabolites,AMJ1[containing mustakone(1)as the major component]and linoleic acid or(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid(2)were *** compounds were found to kill both the microfilariae and adult worms of *** in a dose dependent *** IC50s for AMJ1 were 15.7 lg/mL for Mfs,17.4 lg/mL for adult males and 21.9 lg/mL for adult female worms while for linoleic acid the values were,15.7 lg/mL for Mfs,31.0 lg/mL for adult males and 44.2 lg/mL for adult *** present report provides the first ever evidence of the anti-Onchocerca efficacy of AMJ1 and linoleic ***,these secondary metabolites may provide a lead for design and development of new antifilarial agents.

关键词： Cyperus articulates Linoleic acid Microfilariae Mustakone Onchocerca ochengi Onchocerca volvulus

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Localised solid-state nanopore fabrication via controlled breakdown using on-chip electrodes

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Nano Research 2022年第11期15卷 9881-9889页

作者： Jasper P.Fried Jacob L.Swett binoy Paulose Nadappuram Aleksandra Fedosyuk Alex Gee Ondrej E.Dyck james R.Yates Aleksandar P.Ivanov Joshua b.Edel Jan A.Mol Department of Materials University of OxfordOxfordOX13PHUK School of Chemistry University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia Department of Chemistry Imperial College LondonLondonW120BZUK Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA Instituto de Tecnologia Química e biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de LisboaAv.da RepúblicaOeiras 2780-157Portugal School of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of LondonLondonE14NSUK

Controlled breakdown has recently emerged as a highly accessible technique to fabricate solid-state ***,in its most common form,controlled breakdown creates a single nanopore at an arbitrary location in the ***,we introduce a new strategy whereby breakdown is performed by applying the electric field between an on-chip electrode and an electrolyte solution in contact with the opposite side of the *** demonstrate two advantages of this ***,we can independently fabricate multiple nanopores at given positions in the membrane by localising the applied field to the ***,we can create nanopores that are self-aligned with complementary nanoelectrodes by applying voltages to the on-chip electrodes to locally heat the membrane during controlled *** new controlled breakdown method provides a path towards the affordable,rapid,and automatable fabrication of arrays of nanopores self-aligned with complementary on-chip nanostructures.

关键词： solid-state nanopores dielectric breakdown nanofabrication single-molecule sensing nanopore arrays

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极高分辨率反射法勘探

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国外油气勘探 1984年第5期 43-45页

作者： A.b.reid 刘颂威

本文虽是介绍用提高分辨率反射法探测铬铁矿,但是这里介绍的方法对于找极小断块仍有参考价值

关键词：检波器仪表纵波速度压缩波速反射体震源绕射点炮点检波点接收点铬铁矿尖晶石记录器记录仪罗克

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