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The decision-making dimension of the systems approach to management

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Chinese Business Review 2010年第2期9卷 27-33页

作者： james kennedy Turkson School of Business Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi 00233 Ghana

Theoretically, a system is anything that is made up of various parts. Theses parts are known as subsystems. At every point in time, these parts should work in harmony so that objectives could be achieved successfully. A system could be inanimate or animate item. Examples of inanimate systems include vehicles, households, computer and institution. Examples of animate systems are human being, animal and insect. Both inanimate and animate systems are made up of various subsystems. Such subsystems are required to co-operate, collaborate and work together so that set objectives could be achieved successfully. From practical managerial point of view, business organizations are equally systems that are made up of subsystems which may take the form of departments, sections and/or units. It is supposed to be collaborations among the managers and other members in these departments, sections and/or units so that organizational objectives could be achieved. All the managers in various departments, sections and/or units are required to work together as a team to make the system coherent and closely-knit to make disintegration impossible. Closely related to the systems approach to management is managerial decision-making. Decision-making is a very important function of every manager＇s job. The success and failure stories of many organizations are the result of the quality of decisions made. Many organizations have survived turbulent conditions. Others have also collapsed in spite of favourable conditions. These varying conditions are the result of the quality of decisions made by managers at positions of authority and responsibility. Therefore the systems approach to management enjoins top managers in particular to be very circumspect and cautious in certain decision-making activities. This is because, the quality of decision a manager makes can go a long way to determine the success or failure story of an organization as exemplified in the case study in this paper.

关键词： system sub-system synergy open-system closed-system management decision-making

Relationship between the exocrine and endocrine pancreas after acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第45期20卷 17196-17205页

作者： Stephanie L M Das james I C kennedy Rinki Murphy Anthony R J Phillips John A Windsor Maxim S Petrov Department of Surgery University of Auckland Department of Medicine University of Auckland

AIM: To determine the prevalence and time course of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in individuals with newly diagnosed prediabetes or diabetes mellitus after acute pancreatitis.

关键词： Pancreatogenic diabetes Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency Acute pancreatitis Endocrine insufficiency

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重要的是就在身边

英语学习 2001年第12期 16-17页

作者： james M.kennedy 张敏

为出人头地,为功成名就,我们必须学会冷静地"思考", 感受我们身边的平凡。但同时却忘记了如何去认真地"感受" "What's the most importantthing you've done in yourlife?"The question wasput to me during a presentation I gaveto a group of *** answer came to me in *** it's not the one I gave,because the setting wasn't *** alawyer in the entertainment industry,I knew the audience wanted to hearsome amusing stories about my workwith well-known *** here'sthe true answer,the one that leapt from

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MC 68020 32位微处理器介绍

计算技术与自动化 1985年第3期 43-50页

作者： PAUL F. GROEPLER james kennedy 陈顺益李楚

MC68020是Motorola 68000微处理器系列的最新机种,具有独立的32位数据总线和地址总线,是一种全新的32位微处理机,芯片内含有指令缓冲存贮器,动态总线宽度控制,协处理器接口。目标代码与M68000系列兼容,具有新的高级语言寻址方式。 MC68... 详细信息

MC68020是Motorola 68000微处理器系列的最新机种,具有独立的32位数据总线和地址总线,是一种全新的32位微处理机,芯片内含有指令缓冲存贮器,动态总线宽度控制,协处理器接口。目标代码与M68000系列兼容,具有新的高级语言寻址方式。 MC68020是一种HCMOS微处理器,在37.5×35.0mm方形管芯上大约有200000只晶体管。时钟频率为16.67MHz(60毫微秒时钟周期),功耗小于1.5瓦,持续处理指令速率为2—3百万条指令/秒,最高处理指令速率大于8百万条指令/秒。 MC68020的组成图1是MC68020的方块图,我们简要介绍其功能。

关键词：寄存器间接寻址主处理器 MC 68020 32 字节基地址存贮器存储器协处理器微处理器

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患者需要知道什么样的药物信息?

英国医学杂志中文版 2004年第2期7卷 117-118页

作者： David Dickinson D K Raynor james G kennedy Silvia Bonaccorso Jeffrey L Sturchio 翟晓梅 Consumation 53 Hosack Road London SW17 7QW consultant in consumer information design Pharmacy Practice and Medicines Management Group University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JT professor of pharmacy practice medicines and their users

提供和交换准确可靠的药物信息是医患关系的一部分,不过谁应该提供这些信息?我们邀请患者、临床医生和制药工业的代表来回答这个问题。

关键词：药物信息副作用注意事项眼药方法

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Selective toxicity of hydroxyl-rich carbon nanodots for cancer research

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Nano Research 2018年第4期11卷 2204-2216页

作者： Tak H. Kim Joseph P. Sirdaarta Qian Zhang Ehsan Eftekhari james St. John Derek kennedy Ian E. Cock Qin Li Queensland Micro and Nano Technology Center & School of Engineering Griffith University 170 Kessels Rd Nathan OLD 4111 Australia Australian Rivers Institute & School of Natural Sciences Griffith University 170 Kessels Rd Nathan QLD 4111 Australia Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Gfiffith University 46 Don Young Rd Nathan QLD 4111 Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Parkland Drive Southport QLD 4222 Australia

The toxicity of nanoparticles in a biological system is an integration of effects arising from surface functionali~ particle size, ionic dissolution, etc. This complexity suggests that generalization of a material＇s toxicity may be inappropriate. Moreover, from a medicinal point of view, toxicity can be used for treatment of malignant cells, such as cancer. In this stud~ highly biocompatible carbon nanodots （gCDs） were synthesized by reacting citric acid and urea in glycerol, which resulted in abundant hydroxyl functional groups on the particle surface. gCDs show excitation-dependent photoluminescence but with bright green to yellow emission. Importantly, a series of toxicity assessments showed that as-synthesized gCDs possessed exceptional biocompatibilities to various biological entities including 18 bacteria species, Petunia axillaris seedlings, and Artemia franciscana nauplii. Furthermore, the particles were shown to have low to no toxic effects on human embryonic kidney （HEK-293）, breast （MCF-7）, and oral squamous （CAL-27） carcinoma cell lines. Of particular interest, the gCDs displayed antiproliferative activities against ovarian choriocarcinoma cells （JAr/Jeg-3 cell lines）, which may be further explored for cancer drug discovery.

关键词： carbon nanodots nanotoxicity fluorescence choriocarcinoma cells thioredoxin reductase

Alignment of the hindfoot following total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第10期12卷 791-801页

作者： james J Butler Nathaniel P Mercer Eoghan T Hurley Mohammad T Azam John G kennedy Department of Orthopedic Surgery Royal College Surgeons in IrelandDublin 18Ireland Department of Orthopedic Surgery NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10002United States

BACKGROUND There appears to be a close relationship between deformities at the knee joint and at the hindfoot in patients with knee osteoarthritis(OA).Despite this intrinsic link,there is a dearth of studies investigating alterations in hindfoot alignment following total knee arthroplasty(TKA)in patients with knee *** To evaluate changes in alignment of the hindfoot following TKA,foot and ankle clinical outcomes in terms of subjective clinical scoring tools following surgical intervention,and to analyse the level of evidence(LOE)and quality of evidence(QOE)of the included *** MEDLINE,EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were systematically reviewed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses *** reporting changes in the postoperative alignment of the hindfoot following TKA were *** level and QOE were recorded and *** Eleven studies with a total of 1142 patients(1358 knees)met the inclusion/exclusion *** studies were of LOE II and 5 studies were of LOE *** with preoperative varus knee deformity and valgus hindfoot deformity demonstrated improvement in hindfoot alignment post *** with preoperative varus knee deformity and varus hindfoot deformity demonstrated no improvement in hindfoot alignment following *** different radiographic parameters were used to measure the alignment of the hindfoot across the included studies,with the tibio-calcaneal angle most frequently utilised(27.3%).CONCLUSION This systematic review demonstrated that the hindfoot may display compensatory changes in alignment following TKA in patients with knee ***,the marked heterogeneity between the included studies and poor QOE limits any meaningful cross sectional comparisons between ***,well designed studies are necessary to determine the changes and outcomes of hindfoot alignment following TKA.

关键词： Total knee arthroplasty Hindfoot alignment Hindfoot Knee osteoarthritis Varus knee deformity Valgus hindfoot deformity

Community-Based Integrated Watershed Management

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2005年第1期3卷 60-64页

作者： kennedy N. Igbokwe Headquarters and Asia Regional Center Y.C. james Yen Center Silang Cavite 4118 Philippines

Community-based watershed management is different from the traditional natural resources management. Traditional natural resources management is a way from up to bottom, but the community-based watershed management is from bottom to up. This approach focused on the joining of different stakeholders in integrated watershed management, especially the participation of the community who has been ignored in the past. The purpose of this paper is to outline some of the important basic definitions, concepts and operational framework for initiating community-based watershed management projects and programs as well as some successes and practical challenges associated with the approach.

关键词： community-based watershed management

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Natural regeneration and ecological recovery in Mau Forest complex, Kenya

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Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第6期3卷 417-422页

作者： james Mwangi Kinjanjui Moses Karachi kennedy Nyambuti Ondimu Department of Geography Egerton University Egerton Kenya Department of Natural Resources Egerton University Egerton Kenya Department of Resource Survey and Remote Sensing Nairobi Kenya

This study investigated natural ecological recovery in parts of Western and Southwestern blocks of theMauForestcomplex that had experienced varied levels of disturbance. The extent and speed of regeneration in the disturbed regions since the eviction of the setter population were not known. This study thus now provides current baseline data on plant distribution, germination of soil bank seeds, and soil nutrient content. The number of tree species recorded at different levels of disturbance were in increas- ing order: moderately disturbed (MDF) > undisturbed (UDF) > heavy disturbed forest (HDF). Forest clearing reduced forest basal area and forest stocking of big trees (dbh ≥40 cm) in the HDF by more than 4 and 6 times, respectively, than those in UDF. Tree importance values indicated a reduction in commercially valuable species in HDF. Early colonizers and fire tolerant species were predominant in the HDF whereas non-commercial species dominated MDF. Viable soil seed reserves decreased with soil depth in all forests but content between 0 -20 cmsoil depth showed a potential to support regeneration. Total N, organic C and available P decreased with increase in forest disturbance. Overall, the disturbed sites showed a general potential for ecological recovery and natural regeneration to UDF status.

关键词： Disturbance Regeneration Soil Seed Bank Germination Nutrients