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sagittal crest morphology decoupled from relative bite performance in Pleistocene tapirs(Perissodactyla:Tapiridae)

Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 254-277页

作者： Lisa VAN LINDEN Kim sTOOPs Larissa c.c.s.DUMBÁ Mario A.cOZZUOL jamie A.MAcLAREN Functional Morphology Lab Department of BiologyCampus Drie EikenUniversiteit AntwerpenAntwerpenBelgium Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas GeraisBrazil Evolution and Diversity Dynamics Lab Department of GeologyUniversitéde LiègeQuartier AgoraLiègeBelgium

Bite force is often associated with speciﬁc morphological features,such as sagittal crests.The presence of a pro-nounced sagittal crest in some tapirs(Perissodactyla:Tapiridae)was recently shown to be negatively correlated with hard-object feeding,in contrast with similar cranial structures in carnivorans.The aim of this study was to investi-gate bite forces and sagittal crest heights across a wide range of modern and extinct tapirs and apply a comparative investigation to establish whether these features are correlated across a broad phylogenetic scope.We examined a sample of 71 specimens representing 15 tapir species(5 extant,10 extinct)using the dry-skull method,linear measurements of cranial features,phylogenetic reconstruction,and comparative analyses.Tapirs were found to ex-hibit variation in bite force and sagittal crest height across their phylogeny and between different biogeographical realms,with high-crested morphologies occurring mostly in Neotropical species.The highest bite forces within tapirs appear to be driven by estimates for the masseter–pterygoid muscle complex,rather than predicted forces for the temporalis muscle.Our results demonstrate that relative sagittal crest height is poorly correlated with relative cranial bite force,suggesting high force application is not a driver for pronounced sagittal crests in this sample.The divergent biomechanical capabilities of different contemporaneous tapirids may have allowed multiple species to occupy overlapping territories and partition resources to avoid excess competition.Bite forces in tapirs peak in Pleistocene species,independent of body size,suggesting possible dietary shifts as a potential result of climatic changes during this epoch.

关键词： biogeography dry-skull method herbivory mastication niche partitioning Pleistocene

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忍住！别插手！让孩子独立的自我管理课

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作者： (日)高取志津香日本NPO法人jam网

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Effectivity of Thromboprophylxie in Dakar’s Medical Areas

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2020年第1期10卷 35-43页

作者： B. Djiba M. Dieng c. M. A. Halim M. sow B. s. Kane M. A. Ndour B. c. Fall N. Diagne A. c. Ndao A. Faye s. Ndongo A. Pouye Department of Internal Medicine Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar-Étoile Senegal Department of Internal Medicine Dalal Jam Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) is a real public health problem worldwide. The practice guide produced periodically by the American college of chest Physicians (AccP) has become the international standard. However, thromboprophylaxis remains underused. Methodology: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study. The goals of that study were to evaluate the effectiveness of the practice of thromboprophylaxis in the various medical services of the Dakar Public Hospitals. Our investigation was conducted for two weeks in september 2017. Results: 160 patients were included (81 men and 79 women) in our series, with male predominance: sex ratio of 1.02. The average age was 48. Infectious pathologies were the predominant clinical pictures (35% of cases). The thromboembolic risk factors (RF) mainly found were represented by prolonged bed rest, followed by cardiovascular (RF): age greater than 60 years (31.2%), hypertension (8.8%), obesity (4.4%) and diabetes (3.8%). The thromboembolic RF of patients hospitalized in these medical services has been evaluated empirically. We noted a lack of use of the VTE risk assessment scores. 40.9% (n = 56) of patients received overall VTE prophylaxis, a rate corresponding to almost half of those at risk (51.4%). This result reflects an under-use of thromboprophylaxis in the Dakar medical environment and a low level of adherence by practicians to the guidelines on VTE prophylaxis. conclusion: It is therefore recommended to develop a national strategy to assess patients at risk for VTE, as well as measures to educate and inform doctors about the appropriate forms of thromboprophylaxis.

关键词： Thromboprophylaxis Anticoagulant Thromboembolic Disease

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Immunosuppressive Treatment of connective Tissue Disease and Occurrence of Tuberculosis

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2020年第2期10卷 57-63页

作者： M. Dieng B. Djiba B. s. Kane B. c. Fall M. A. Ndour M. sow N. Diagne A. c. Ndao A. Faye s. Ndongo A. Pouye service de Médecine Interne hôpital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar-étoile Sénégal service de Médecine interne hôpital Dalal Jam Dakar Sénégal

Introduction: The occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) during the follow-up of connective tissue diseases (cTD) is a particular situation often posing real diagnostic problems. This is an association described in the literature. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study at the internal medicine department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital. The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment that patients followed for cTD and suffering from TB took before the occurrence of this one. Results: During a study period of 11 years and 6 months, 21 cases of TB were diagnosed in 602 cases of cTD (0.03%). The predominance was female with a sex ratio (H/F) of 0.6. The median age was 42 years old. The majority of cases originated from the Dakar region (13 patients or 61.9%) and 85.7% had previous follow-up exclusively in modern medicine and 21 cases (95%) received the cTD’s treatment. This consisted of prednisone (90.5%) combined with methotrexate (52.4%), azathioprine (23.8%) or cyclophosphamide (19.4%). The respective medians doses of these drugs were 12.5 mg per day for prednisone, 13.5 mg per week for methotrexate and 100 mg per day for azathioprine. The median duration of patient follow-up was 36 months. The cumulative dose of prednisone during this period was 23.6 g and that of methotrexate 2.25 g. cTD were dominated by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (57.1%), and systemic lupus (19%). Isolated cases of systemic scleroderma, primary sjôgren, sHARP syndrom, mixed connective tissue disease, and multiple autoimmune syndrom were noted. TB was localized in 95% of cases, readily bilateral and poorly disseminated. The respective medians diagnostic delays for systemic disease and TB were 21 months and 5 months. Tuberculin intradermal reaction was performed in 16 cases and was positive in 9 cases, sputum bacilli was performed in 19 cases and was positive in 15 cases. conclusion: The association of TB and cTD was characterized by its rarity, its poorly disseminated character and its frequency on RA fie

关键词： Tuberculosis connective Tissue Disease corticosteroid Immunosuppressive Therapy

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Long-Term Oral corticosteroid-Therapy: Description of the Practice of Adjuvant Measures by Dakar Medical specialists

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2020年第2期10卷 70-78页

作者： M. Dieng B. Djiba M. sow B. s. Kane J. T. Ahouandogbo M. Ba M. A. Ndour B. c. Fall M. Niasse N. Diagne A. c. Ndao A. Faye s. Ndongo A. Pouye Department of Internal Medicine Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar-Etoile Senegal Department of Internal Medicine Dalal Jam Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Rheumatology Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar-Etoile Senegal

Introduction: The extended administration of corticoids by oral way for a length of more than 3 months defines the long-term-corticosteroid-therapy. This one, used in numerous indications, displays most often at the risk of undesirable effects linked sometimes to the habits of prescription of the doctors. Patients and Methods: In order to study the prescription modalities of this treatment, we conducted a cross-sectional, multicentric and descriptive study from June 1st, 2017 to August 1st, 2017, over a period of 2 months. It involved a questionnaire given to medical specialists of all medical specialties and practicing in the University Hospital of Dakar. Results: 170 doctors were interviewed. Dermatologists and internists were mostly found 19.4% and 18.8% or 33% and 34% doctors. systemic autoimmune diseases alone accounted for 48% of prescription reasons. Prednisone was prescribed in 88% of cases. The immunosuppressive dose of 1 mg/kg was most often prescribed. Practitioners very heterogeneously prescribe most adjuvant measures to prolonged systemic corticosteroid therapy. Thus, the recommendation of a low-sodium diet (38% of physicians), and the systematic prescriptions of proton pump inhibitors (44.7% of physicians) and vitamin-calcium supplementation were frequently performed by physicians (34% of physicians). While the low carbohydrate diet was advocated by less than a quarter of doctors and the prevention of pneumocystosis and osteoporosis were rare (respectively 61% and 52% of prescribers did not). conclusion: The global analysis of the habits of our medical specialists concerning the use of long-term glucocorticoids reflected a diversity of indications, heterogeneity of practices, with certain habits not in accordance with the usual recommendations.

关键词： corticosteroid Long-Term Oral corticosteroid systemic Disease Adjuvant Measures

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Regionalization of epididymal duct and epithelium in rats and mice by automatic computer-aided morphometric analysis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2005年第3期7卷 267-275,页

作者： c.soler J.J.deMonserrat M.Núez R.Gutiérrez J.Núez M.sancho T.G.cooper Departmentof Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology University of ValènciaValència 46112Spain Departamentode Ouímica y Biología Universidad del NorteBarranquillaColombia Instituteof Reproductive Medicine University of MünsterMünster D-48129Germany

Aim： To establish a rat and mouse epididymal map based on the use of the Epiquatre automatic software for histologic image analysis. Methods： Epididymides from five adult rats and five adult mice were fixed in alcoholic Bouin＇s fixative and embedded in paraffin. serial longitudinal sections through the medial aspect of the organ were cut at 10 jam and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. As determined from major connective tissue septa, nine subdivisions of the rat epididymis and seven for the mouse were determined, consisting of five sub-regions in the caput （rat and mouse）, one （mouse） or three （rat） in the corpus and one in the cauda （rat and mouse）. Using the Epiquatre software, several tubular, luminal and epithelial morphometric parameters were evaluated. Results： statistical comparison of the quantitative parameters revealed regional differences （2-5 in the rat, 3-6 in the mouse, dependent on parameters） with caput regions 1 and 2 being largely distinguishable from the similar remaining caput and corpus, which were in turn recognizable from the cauda regions in both species. conclusion： The use of the Epiquatre software allowed us to establish regression curves for different morphometric parameters that can permit the detection of changes in their values under different pathological or experimental conditions. （Asian J Androl 2005 sep; 7： 267-275）

关键词： rat mouse epididymis morphometry zonation computer-aided image analysis Epiquatre software

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The importance of an indigenous tree to southern African communities with specific relevance to its domestication and commercialization: a case of the marula tree

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Forestry studies in china 2011年第1期13卷 36-44页

作者： Neo c MOKGOLODI DING You-fang Moffat P sETsHOGO MA chao LIU Yu-jun National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 P. R. China Department of Biological sciences University of Botswana Private Bag UB00704 Gaborone Botswana

Local communities in southern Africa derive many benefits from marula [sclerocarya birrea（A.Rich.） Hochst.***.caffra（sond.） Kokwaro].These include the contribution of this species towards health,nutrition,food security and conservation by sharing local skills and knowledge related to it.Marula fruits can be eaten fresh,squeezed to make juice,brewed in traditional beer or used to make jam and jelly.The kernels are also edible and can be pressed to extract oil for cooking and cosmetics,i.e.,for skin and hair application.The bark,roots,seeds and leaves are exploited for traditional medicinal purposes.Marula has acquired significant commercial value since its fruits and other products have entered local,regional and international trade in southern Africa.To diver-sify fruit production and satisfy the increasing demands for this resource,several domestication initiatives have been carried out at regional and international levels.The accumulated knowledge and skills relevant to the establishment and commercialization of marula therefore provide an effective guide in areas where marula remains undomesticated or underutilized.We discuss the great importance of marula in southern Africa to reveal its great potential to regions where it remains unexploited.

关键词： sclerocarya birrea subsp caffra marula southern Africa domestication commercialization

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强抗干扰电磁感应新方法

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地球物理学进展 2011年第5期26卷 1819-1823页

作者：郭有刚 Александр Симаков 华北有色地质勘查局综合普查大队资源勘查院廊坊065201 俄罗斯圣彼得堡国立大学地质学院圣彼得堡199034

在城市中进行地球物理勘探,传统的勘探方法是很难做到的,它受到强电磁、地下管线、管道等诸多方面的干扰.无线电频率电磁波法是利用无线电波频率信号进行勘探的一种地球物理勘探新方法,它通过不接地电极和磁道探头接收高频无线电波信号... 详细信息

在城市中进行地球物理勘探,传统的勘探方法是很难做到的,它受到强电磁、地下管线、管道等诸多方面的干扰.无线电频率电磁波法是利用无线电波频率信号进行勘探的一种地球物理勘探新方法,它通过不接地电极和磁道探头接收高频无线电波信号,有效的压制城市中复杂交错的人文电磁干扰,利用相应软件,经过Occam算法实现矢量、标量计算,可以得到与地下地质结构、构造相吻合的反演成果,从而为城市大型建筑的建设降低隐患.此外,其简便、灵活的勘测手法,还可以应用在地质填图、勘探和探矿工程、水文地质工程、垃圾填埋调查、管道渗漏等方面.

关键词：城市勘探浅层矿产勘查无线电频率电磁法抗干扰

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轨道运输噪音改善研析与对策——以台北捷运地下隧道为例

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隧道建设 2007年第S2期27卷 48-52页

作者：张宽勇张思许俊逸颜邦杰李昱莹魏文隽台北科技大学土木系中华顾问工程司捷运部交通部高速铁路工程局台北捷运公司

台湾因人口集中都会区且道路年增率远不及车辆年增率,形成都会区内及城际道路交通日益频繁与拥塞,台湾目前陆运交通主流与世界趋势相同,主要以轨道运输系统为陆运交通主要解决方案,同时近年来在降低环境污染及增加能源使用效能之呼声下... 详细信息

台湾因人口集中都会区且道路年增率远不及车辆年增率,形成都会区内及城际道路交通日益频繁与拥塞,台湾目前陆运交通主流与世界趋势相同,主要以轨道运输系统为陆运交通主要解决方案,同时近年来在降低环境污染及增加能源使用效能之呼声下,更使得铁路运输亦再度成为最佳解决方案。近年来台北捷运系统中和线古亭站穿越民房下方潜盾隧道段、维修线中华路区段及板桥线西门站至龙山寺站地下隧道,沿线接获越来越多居住其上的居民对振动噪音污染生活质量之抱怨与不满,同时因民众环保意识的日渐抬头,民众对捷运行驶的噪音愈来愈不能忍受,噪音陈情的地点也愈来愈多,目前虽采取许多改善措施,但似乎不能满足沿线居民的需求。此篇论文即针对轨道运输系统中台北捷运地下隧道分轨道噪音之成因进行分析,并经分析评估,拟定出各轨道噪音案在地下隧道的防治对策,并对部分防治对策做一长期监测,并对部分监测数据进行初步分析比对,厘清对策与成因在理论上及实务上之成效比对,从而进行设计上之回馈,以提供轨道运输在环境噪音防治之最佳方案。

关键词：噪音轮轨波状磨耗

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