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Evaluation of maize inbred lines and topcross progeny for resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination

The crop Journal 2019年第1期7卷 118-125页

作者： jake c.fountain Hamed K.Abbas Brian T.Scully Hong Li Robert D.Lee Robert c.Kemerait Baozhu Guo USDA-ARS crop Protection and Management Research Unit Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia USDA-ARS Biological control of Pests Research Unit USDA-ARS National Horticultural Research Laboratory Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Millet Research Institute Department of crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia

Pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination occurs in maize following kernel colonization by Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxin contamination resistance is a highly desired trait in maize breeding *** identification of novel sources of resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination is a major focus in germplasm screening efforts. Here, we performed a field evaluation of 64 inbred lines over two years for pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination. Topcrosses were also performed with two testers, B73 and Mo17, to generate 128 F1 hybrids which were also evaluated over two years. Hybrid performance was used to calculate both general combining ability(GcA) of the inbreds, and observed heterosis for aflatoxin resistance. Over both years of the study, aflatoxin concentrations ranged from 80 ± 47 to 17,617 ± 8816 μg kg^(-1) for inbreds, and from 58 ± 39 to 2771 ± 780 μg kg^(-1) for hybrids with significant variation between years and lines. The inbred lines cML52, cML69, cML247, GT-603, GEMS-0005, Hi63, Hp301, and M37 W showed ccumulation in both years of the study and less than the resistant check, Mp313 E, in at least one season. Among these, cML52, GT-603, and Hi63 also showed significant GcA with the testers in hybrid progeny. cML52, GT-603, and M37 W also showed heterotic effects of-13.64%,-12.47%, and-24.50%, respectively, with B73 resulting in reduced aflatoxin contamination. GT-603 also showed a similar heterotic effect for aflatoxin contamination,-13.11%, with Mo17 indicating that this line may serve as a versatile source of aflatoxin contamination resistance in breeding programs.

关键词： Aspergillus flavus Pre-harvest Aflatoxin Maize Topcross

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Evaluation of maize inbred lines for resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in the field

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The crop Journal 2017年第3期5卷 259-264页

作者： Baozhu Guo Xiangyun Ji Xinzhi Ni jake c.fountain Hong Li Hamed K.Abbas Robert D.Lee Brian T.Scully United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service(USDA-ARS) Crop Protection and Management Research UnitTiftonGAUnited States The University of Georgia Department of Plant PathologyTiftonGAUnited States Ecological Environment Protection Research Institute Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research UnitTiftonGAUnited States Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Millet Research InstituteChangzhiChina USDA-ARS Biological Control of Pests Research UnitStonevilleMSUnited States The University of Georgia Department of Crop and Soil SciencesTiftonGAUnited States USDA-ARS U.S.Horticultural Research LaboratoryFort PierceFLUnited States

Two important mycotoxins, aflatoxin and fumonisin, are among the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens, contaminating maize(Zea mays) and affecting crop yield and *** of maize to pre-harvest mycotoxin contamination, specifically aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and fumonisin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, is a goal in breeding programs that screen for these important traits with the aim of developing resistant commercial hybrids. We conducted two years of field evaluations on 87 inbred lines originating primarily in china and Mexico and not previously screened for *** objectives of our study were to identify resistant germplasm for breeding purposes and to examine possible relationships between resistances to the two mycotoxins. Aflatoxin and fumonisin were present in samples harvested from all lines in both *** of total aflatoxin ranged from 52.00 ± 20.00 to 1524.00 ± 396.00 μg kg^(-1),while those of fumonisin ranged from 0.60 ± 0.06 to 124.00 ± 19.50 mg kg^(-1). The inbred lines TUN15, TUN61, TUN37, cY2, and TUN49 showed the lowest aflatoxin accumulation and cN1, GT601, TUN09, TUN61, and MP717 the lowest fumonisin accumulation. TUN61 showed the lowest accumulation of both mycotoxins. This study confirmed previous observations that high levels of aflatoxin can coexist with fumonisin, with 55 maize lines showing a positive correlation coefficient between the concentrations of aflatoxin and fumonisin and 32 lines showing a negative correlation coefficient. These selected lines,particularly TUN61, may provide sources of resistance to mycotoxin contamination in breeding programs. However, the mechanism of resistance in this germplasm remains to be identified. Future research should also address factors that influence the fungus–plant interaction, such as herbivory and environmental stress.

关键词： Aflatoxin Fumonisin Inbredline Maize Mycotoxin

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Resistance to Aspergillus flavus in maize and peanut:Molecular biology, breeding, environmental stress,and future perspectives

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The crop Journal 2015年第3期3卷 229-237页

作者： jake c.fountain Pawan Khera Liming Yang Spurthi N.Nayak Brian T.Scully Robert D.Lee Zhi-Yuan chen Robert c.Kemerait Rajeev K.Varshney Baozhu Guo Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Tifton GA USA International crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (IcRISAT) Hyderabad Telangana India USDA-ARS Crop Protection and Management Research Unit Tifton GA USA Huaiyin Normal University School of Life Sciences USDA-ARS US Horticultural Laboratory Fort Pierce FL USA Department of crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia Tifton GA USA Department of Plant Pathology and crop Physiology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

The colonization of maize(Zea mays L.) and peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus results in the contamination of kernels with carcinogenic mycotoxins known as aflatoxins leading to economic losses and potential health threats to humans. The regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis in various Aspergillus spp. has been extensively studied, and has been shown to be related to oxidative stress responses. Given that environmental stresses such as drought and heat stress result in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) within host plant tissues, host-derived ROS may play an important role in cross-kingdom communication between host plants and A. flavus. Recent technological advances in plant breeding have provided the tools necessary to study and apply knowledge derived from metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic studies in the context of productive breeding populations. Here, we review the current understanding of the potential roles of environmental stress, ROS, and aflatoxin in the interaction between *** and its host plants, and the current status in molecular breeding and marker discovery for resistance to A. flavus colonization and aflatoxin contamination in maize and peanut. We will also propose future directions and a working model for continuing research efforts linking environmental stress tolerance and aflatoxin contamination resistance in maize and peanut.

关键词： Host resistance Molecular breeding Aflatoxin contamination Reactive oxygen species ROS

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Evaluation of maize inbred lines and topcross progeny for resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination

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The crop Journal 2019年第1期

作者： jake c.fountain Hamed K.Abbas Brian T.Scully Hong Li Robert D.Lee Robert c.Kemerait Baozhu Guo

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Tuning the melting point and phase stability of rare-earth oxides to facilitate their crystal growth from the meltv

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Journal of Advanced ceramics 2022年第9期11卷 1479-1490页

作者： Matheus PIANASSOLA Kaden L.ANDERSON Joshua SAFIN can AGcA jake W.McMURRAY Bryan c.cHAKOUMAKOS Jöerg c.NEUEFEIND charles L.MELcHER Mariya ZHURAVLEVA Scintillation Materials Research center The University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge 37831USA Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge 37831USA Department of Nuclear Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA

The challenge of growing rare-earth(RE)sesquioxide crystals can be overcome by tailoring their structural stability and melting point via composition *** work contributes to the advancement of the field of crystal growth of high-entropy oxides.A compound with only small REs(Lu,Y,Ho,Yb,Er)_(2)O_(3)maintains a cubic c-type structure upon cooling from the melt,as observed via in-situ high-temperature neutron diffraction on aerodynamically levitated *** the other hand,a compound with a mixture of small and large REs(Lu,Y,Ho,Nd,La)_(2)O_(3)crystallizes as a mixture of a primary c-type phase with an unstable secondary *** of compositions(Lu,Y,Ho,Nd,La)_(2)O_(3)and(Lu,Y,Gd,Nd,La)_(2)O_(3)were grown by the micro-pulling-down(mPD)method with a single monoclinic B-type phase,while a powder of(Lu,Y,Ho,Yb,Er)_(2)O_(3)did not melt at the maximum operating temperature of an iridium-rhenium *** minimization of the melting point of the two grown crystals is attributed to the mismatch in cation *** electron probe microanalysis reveals that the general element segregation behavior in the crystals depends on the composition.

关键词： high-entropy oxides crystallography neutron diffraction crystal growth

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chain length-dependent cooperativity in fatty acid binding and oxidation by cytochrome P450_(BM3)(cYP102A1)

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Protein & cell 2011年第8期2卷 656-671页

作者： Benjamin Rowlatt jake A.Yorke Anthony J.Strong christopher J.c.Whitehouse Stephen G.Bell Luet-Lok Wong Department of chemistry University of OxfordInorganic Chemistry LaboratorySouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QRUK

Fatty acid binding and oxidation kinetics for wild type P450_(BM3)(cYP102A1)from Bacillus megaterium have been found to display chain length-dependent homotropic *** and 13-methyl-myristate display Michaelis-Menten behavior while there are slight deviations with myristate at low ionic *** shows Michaelis-Menten kinetics and hyperbolic binding behavior in 100 mmol/L phosphate,pH 7.4,but sigmoidal kinetics(with an apparent intercept)in low ionic strength buffers and at physiological phosphate *** low ionic strength buffers both the heme domain and the full-length enzyme show complex palmitate binding behavior that indicates a minimum of four fatty acid binding sites,with high cooperativity for the binding of the fourth palmitate molecule,and the full-length enzyme showing tighter palmitate binding than the heme *** first flavin-to-heme electron transfer is faster for laurate,myristate and palmitate in 100 mmol/L phosphate than in 50mmol/L Tris(pH 7.4),yet each substrate induces similar high-spin heme *** palmitate in low phosphate buffer concentrations,the rate constant of the first electron transfer is much larger than *** results suggest that phosphate has a specific effect in promoting the first electron transfer step,and that P450_(BM3) could modulate Bacillus membrane morphology and fluidity via palmitate oxidation in response to the external phosphate concentration.

关键词： P450_(BM3) monooxygenase fatty acid cooperativity allosteric effect cYP102A1

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Quality of life in patients with gastroenteropancreatic tumours: A systematic literature review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第25期26卷 3686-3711页

作者： catherine Watson craig William Tallentire John K Ramage Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan Oscar RLeeuwenkamp Donna fountain PHMR Health Economics Pricing and ReimbursementLondon NW18XYUnited Kingdom Kings Health Partners NET centre Kings College Hospital LondonLondon SE59RSUnited Kingdom Advanced Accelerator Applications Geneva 1204Switzerland

BAcKGROUND Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours(GEP-NETs)are slow-growing cancers that arise from diffuse endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract(GINETs)or the pancreas(P-NETs).They are relatively uncommon,accounting for 2%of all gastrointestinal *** usual treatment options in advanced GEP-NET patients with metastatic disease include chemotherapy,biological therapies,and peptide receptor radionuclide *** the impact of treatment on GEP-NET patients is paramount given the nature of the ***-related quality of life(HRQoL)is increasingly important as a concept reflecting the patients’perspective in conjunction with the disease presentation,severity and *** To conduct a systematic literature review to identify literature reporting HRQoL data in patients with GEP-NETs between January 1985 and November *** The PRISMA guiding principles were ***,Embase and the cochrane library were *** extracted from the publications included type of study,patient population data(mid-gut/hind-gut/GI-NET/P-NET),sample size,intervention/comparators,HRQoL instruments,average and data spread of overall and sub-scores,and follow-up time for data *** Forty-three publications met the inclusion *** heterogeneous nature of the different study populations was evident;the percentage of female participants ranged between 30%-60%,whilst average age ranged from 53.8 to 67.0 *** studies investigated GI-NET patients only,six studies focused exclusively on P-NET patients and the remaining studies involved both patient populations or did not report the location of the primary *** most commonly used instrument was the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-c30(n=28)with consistent results across studies;the GI-NET-specific module Quality of Life Questionnaire-GINET21 was used in six of these studies.A number of randomised tria

关键词： Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours Health-related quality of life Systematic literature review chemotherapy Biological therapies Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy

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Aggressive behavioural interactions between swans(cygnus spp.)and other waterbirds during winter:a webcam-based study

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Avian Research 2020年第3期11卷 310-325页

作者： Kevin A.Wood Phoebe Ham jake Scales Eleanor Wyeth Paul E.Rose Wildfowl&Wetlands Trust Slimbridge Wetland CentreSlimbridgeGloucestershire GL27BTUK centre for Research in Animal Behaviour PsychologyWashington SingerUniversity of ExeterPerry RoadExeterDevon EX44QGUK University centre Sparsholt college SparsholtHampshire SO212NFUK

Background:Our understanding of any impacts of swans on other waterbirds(including other swans),and potential effects on waterbird community structure,remain limited by a paucity of fundamental behavioural and ecological data,including which species swans interact aggressively with and how frequently such interactions ***:Behavioural observations of aggression by swans and other waterbirds in winters 2018/2019 and 2019/2020,were carried out via live-streaming webcams at two wintering sites in the *** occurrence sampling was used to identify all aggressive interactions between conspecific or heterospecifics individuals,whilst focal observations were used to record the total time spent by swans on aggressive interactions with other *** tests were then used to assess whether the proportion of intraspecific aggressive interactions of each species differed from 0.5(which would indicate equal numbers of intraspecific and interspecific interactions).Zero-inflated generalized linear mixed effects models(ZIGLMMs)were used to assess between-individual variation in the total time spent by swans on aggressive interactions with other ***:All three swan species were most frequently aggressive towards,and received most aggression from,their *** 10-min focal observations showed that Whooper(cygnus cygnus)and Bewick’s Swans(*** bewickii)spent 13.8±4.7 s(means±95%cI)and 1.4±0.3 s,respectively,on aggression with other *** durations were equivalent to 2.3%and 0.2%of the Whooper and Bewick’s Swan time-activity budgets,*** selection indicated that the time spent in aggressive interactions with other swans was best-explained by the number of other swans present for Whooper Swans,and an interactive effect of time of day and winter of observation for Bewick’s ***,the relationship between swan numbers and Whooper Swan aggression times was not strong(R2=19.3%).conclusions:Whilst swans do exhibit some agg

关键词： Aggression Agonistic behaviour Bewick’s Swans Intraspecific versus interspecific competition Remote data collection Waterfowl Whooper Swans

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Performance of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score,comparison with Vibration-controlled Transient Elastography Data,and Development of a Simple Algorithm to Predict Significant Liver Fibrosis in a community-based Liver Service:A Retrospective Evaluation

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Journal of clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第4期11卷 800-808页

作者： Tina Reinson Janisha Patel Mead Mathews Derek fountain Ryan M.Buchanan christopher DByrne Nutrition and Metabolism Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK National Institute for Health and care Research Southampton Biomedical Research CenterUniversity Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Hepatology Department University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUK St Mary’s Surgery SouthamptonUK core Minutes Ltd RingwoodUK clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

Background and Aims:Liver fibrosis is a key risk factor for cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma and end stage liver *** National Institute for Health and care Excellence guidelines for assessment for advanced(≥F3)liver fibrosis in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease recommend the use of enhanced liver fibrosis(ELF)test,followed by vibration-controlled transient elastography(VcTE).Performance of ELF at predicting significant(≥F2)fibrosis in real-world practice is *** assess the accuracy of ELF using VcTE;investigate the optimum ELF cutoff value to identify≥F2and≥F3;and develop a simple algorithm,with and without ELF score,for detecting≥***:Retrospective evaluation of patients referred to a community Liver Service for VcTE,Jan-Dec *** included:body mass index(BMI),diabetes status,alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels,ELF score and biopsy-validated fibrosis stages according to ***:Data from 273 patients were available.n=110 patients had *** showed fair performance for≥F2 and≥F3,area under the curve(AUc)=0.70,95%confidence interval(cI)0.64-0.76 and AUc=0.72,95%cI:0.65-0.79 ***≥F2 Youden's index for ELF=9.85 and for≥F3,ELF=*** ALT,BMI,and HbA1c(ALBA algorithm)to predict≥F2 showed good performance(AUc=0.80,95%cI:0.69-0.92),adding ALBA to ELF improved performance(AUc=0.82,95%cI:0.77-0.88).Results were independently ***:Optimal ELF cutoff for≥F2 is 9.85 and 9.95 for≥***,BMI,and HbA1c(ALBA algorithm)can stratify patients at risk of≥*** is improved by adding ALBA.

关键词： Primary health care Retrospective evaluation Liver disease Diabetes Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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MicroRNA-135a Modulates Hepatitis c Virus Genome Replication through Downregulation of Host Antiviral Factors

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第2期34卷 197-210页

作者： catherine Sodroski Brianna Lowey Laura Hertz T.jake Liang Qisheng Li Liver Diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health

cellular microRNAs(miRNAs) have been shown to modulate HcV infection via directly acting on the viral genome or indirectly through targeting the virus-associated host factors. Recently we generated a comprehensive map of HcV–miRNA interactions through genome-wide miRNA functional screens and transcriptomics analyses. Many previously unappreciated cellular miRNAs were identified to be involved in HcV infection, including miR-135a, a human cancerrelated miRNA. In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-135a in regulating HcV life cycle and showed that it preferentially enhances viral genome replication. Bioinformatics-based integrative analyses and subsequent functional assays revealed three antiviral host factors, including receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2(RIPK2), myeloid differentiation primary response 88(MYD88), and c-X-c motif chemokine ligand 12(cXcL12), as bona fide targets of miR-135a. These genes have been shown to inhibit HcV infection at the RNA replication stage. Our data demonstrated that repression of key host restriction factors mediated the proviral effect of miR-135a on HcV propagation. In addition,miR-135a hepatic abundance is upregulated by HcV infection in both cultured hepatocytes and human liver, likely mediating a more favorable environment for viral replication and possibly contributing to HcV-induced liver *** results provide novel insights into HcV–host interactions and unveil molecular pathways linking miRNA biology to HcV pathogenesis.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus (HcV) Genome replication Virus-host interactions miR-135a Antiviral factors

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