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In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn M.Priest jacob v.schluns Nathania Nischal Colton L.Gattis Jeffrey C.Wolchok Timothy J.Muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living ***-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in *** muscle loss(vML)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley *** lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of *** injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupled TCSPC has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss

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Comparing the Structural Parameters of the Milky Way to Other Spiral Galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 10-28页

作者： jacob A.Guerrette Aleksandr v.Mosenkov Dallin Spencer Zacory D.Shakespear Department of Physics and AstronomyN283 ESCBrigham Young University ProvoUT 84602USA

The structural parameters of a galaxy can be used to gain insight into its formation and evolution *** this paper,we strive to compare the Milky Way’s structural parameters to other,primarily edge-on,spiral galaxies in order to determine how our Galaxy measures up to the Local *** our comparison,we use the galaxy structural parameters gathered from a variety of literature sources in the optical and near-infrared wave *** compare the scale length,scale height,and disk flatness for both the thin and thick disks,the thick-to-thin disk mass ratio,the bulge-to-total luminosity ratio,and the mean pitch angle of the Milky Way’s spiral arms to those in other *** conclude that many of the Milky Way’s structural parameters are largely ordinary and typical of spiral galaxies in the Local Universe,though the Galaxy’s thick disk appears to be appreciably thinner and less extended than expected from zoom-in cosmological simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies with a significant contribution of galaxy mergers involving satellite galaxies.

关键词： Galaxy disk-galaxies fundamental parameters-Galaxy structure

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Respiratory Mechanics, Respiratory Muscle Strength, Control of ventilation and Gas Exchange in Patients with Autoimmune Liver Disease

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 25-38页

作者： Ahmet Baydur jacob Korula Divisions of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Los Angeles USA Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA Liver Diseases Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center Downey California USA

Objectives: To assess respiratory elastance and resistive properties in patients with autoimmune liver disorders using the passive relaxation expiration technique and compare findings to a group of patients with non-autoimmune liver disease and control subjects. These findings were then related to control of ventilation and gas exchange. A secondary objective was to assess respiratory muscle strength and gas exchange and their relation to respiratory mechanics. Methods: Measurements included respiratory elastance and resistance using the passive relaxation method. Pulmonary function, gas exchange and control of ventilation were assessed using standard methods. Results: a) Compared to control subjects, Ers in patients with liver disease was on average 50% greater than in controls;b) mean respiratory resistance, expressed as the respiratory constants, K1 and K2 in the Rohrer relationship, Pao/v’ = K1 + K2v’, was not different from control resistance;c) mean maximal inspiratory and maximal expiratory pressures averaged 36% and 55% of their respective control values;d) inspiratory occlusion pressure in 0.1 sec (P0.1) was increased and negatively associated with FvC;and e) increases in P0.1, mean inspiratory flow (vt/Ti) and presence of respiratory alkalosis confirmed the increase in ventilatory drive. Despite inspiratory muscle weakness in patients, P0.1/Pimax averaged 5-fold higher than in control subjects. Conclusions: Despite inspiratory muscle weakness and a v’E similar to that in normal subjects, central drive is increased in patients with chronic liver disease. The increase in ventilatory drive is related to smaller lung volumes and weakly associated with increase in respiratory elastance. Findings confirm that P0.1 is a reliable measure of central drive and is an approach that can be used in the evaluation of control of ventilation in patients with chronic liver dis

关键词： Autoimmune Liver Disease Control of ventilation Occlusion Pressure Passive Relaxation Method Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Respiratory Elastance Respiratory Resistance

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Nitrite sensor using activated biochar synthesised by microwave-assisted

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第1期5卷 1-11页

作者： Scarlett Allende Yang Liu Muhammad Adeel Zafar Mohan v.jacob Electronics Material Lab College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD4811Australia College of Science and Engineering James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD4811Australia

Developing applications for the by-products obtained from waste processing is vital for resource *** synthesis of ZnCl2-activated biochar with high electrocatalytic activity was carried out by the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of pineapple peel and subsequent chemical activation *** biochar is employed in the electrochemical sensing of nitrite by drop casting in a glassy carbon electrode(GCE).The activated biochar exhibited a stacked carbon sheet,254 m2 g−1 Brunauer,Emmett and Teller(BET)surface area,0.076 cm3 g−1 pore volume,189.53 m2 g−1 micropore area and oxygen-containing functional *** electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the modified GCE showed a reduced charge transfer resistance of 61%.This is crucial to determine the electrochemical properties of *** sensor showed a significant current response and an excellent limit of detection of 0.97µmol L−*** modified-activated biochar electrochemical sensor demonstrated high selectivity,reproducibility(RSD=2.4%),and stability(RSD=2.6%).

关键词： Microwave-assisted pyrolysis Biochar Nitrite Electrochemical sensor

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AModified Search and Rescue Optimization Based Node Localization Technique inWSN

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1229-1245页

作者： Suma Sira jacob K.Muthumayil M.Kavitha Lijo jacob varghese M.Ilayaraja Irina v.Pustokhina Denis A.Pustokhin Department of Computer Science and Engineering Christian College of Engineering and TechnologyOddanchatram624619India Department of Information Technology PSNA College of Engineering and TechnologyDindigul624622India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering K.Ramakrishnan College of TechnologyTiruchirappalli621112India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Christian College of Engineering and TechnologyOddanchatram624619India School of Computing Kalasalingam Academy of Research and EducationKrishnankoil626128India Department of Entrepreneurship and Logistics Plekhanov Russian University of EconomicsMoscow117997Russia Department of Logistics State University of ManagementMoscow109542Russia

Wireless sensor network(WSN)is an emerging technology which find useful in several application areas such as healthcare,environmentalmonitoring,border surveillance,*** issues that exist in the designing of WSN are node localization,coverage,energy efficiency,security,and so *** spite of the issues,node localization is considered an important issue,which intends to calculate the coordinate points of unknown nodes with the assistance of *** efficiency of the WSN can be considerably influenced by the node localization ***,this paper presents a modified search and rescue optimization based node localization technique(MSRONLT)*** major aim of theMSRO-NLT technique is to determine the positioning of the unknown nodes in *** the traditional search and rescue optimization(SRO)algorithm suffers from the local optima problemwith an increase in number of iterations,MSRO algorithm is developed by the incorporation of chaotic maps to improvise the diversity of the *** application of the concept of chaotic map to the characteristics of the traditional SRO algorithm helps to achieve better exploration ability of the MSRO *** order to validate the effective node localization performance of the MSRO-NLT algorithm,a set of simulations were performed to highlight the supremacy of the presented model.A detailed comparative results analysis showcased the betterment of the MSRO-NLT technique over the other compared methods in terms of different measures.

关键词： Node localization WSN chaotic map search and rescue optimization algorithm localization error

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TREM2 as an evolving therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2680-2681页

作者： jacob George Cognyxx Pharmaceuticals Tel Aviv Israel and Kaplan Heart CenterRehovotIsrael

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2(TREM2) is type I transmembrane protein receptor found in osteoclasts, dendritic cells, macrophages, and microglia(Ulland and Colonna, 2018). In the central nervous system, TREM2 expression is confined exclusively to microglia. TREM2 comprises an extracellular v-type immunoglobulin(Ig) ectodomain, a connecting stalk followed by a transmembrane region and a short C-terminal tail.

关键词： Alzheimer therapeutic Colon

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Structural and microstructural description of relaxor-ferroelectric transition in quenched Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_(3)-BaTiO_(3)

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Journal of Materiomics 2022年第4期8卷 823-832页

作者： Andreas Wohninsland Ann-Katrin Fetzer Rachel Broughton jacob L.Jones K.v.Lalitha Department of Materials-and Geosciences Technical University of Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermany Department of Materials Science and Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695USA

Quenching lead-free Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_(3)-based ceramics from sintering temperature is established to increasethe depolarization temperature,Td and the lattice *** situ synchrotron X-ray diffractionmeasurements were carried out on furnace cooled and quenched Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_(3)-BaTiO_(3)(NBT-BT)with 6and 9 mol.%BT to discern the field-induced ferroelectric *** fractions were determined fromfull pattern Rietveld refinements and utilized together with the change in unit cell volume to calculatevolumetric strain resulting from phase ***-6BT demonstrates a cubic symmetry in thefurnace cooled state but quenching stabilizes the rhombohedral R3c phase and delays the formation of afield-induced,long range-ordered tetragonal phase,thereby shifting the onset of macroscopic strain tohigher fields.A field-induced phase transition from a weakly distorted rhombohedral to tetragonal phasecan be observed in furnace cooled ***,this phase transition cannot be detected inquenched NBT-9BT,since the ferroelectric tetragonal P4mm phase is stabilized in the initial *** to the furnace cooled materials,both the quenched compositions exhibit overall negligiblevolumetric strain as a function of electric ***,scanning electron micrographs of chemi-cally etched,poled and unpoled samples reveal an increased lamellar domain contrast in the *** these findings strengthen the hypothesis of a stabilized ferroelectric order resulting in theabsence of a field-induced phase transformation in quenched NBT-BT.

关键词： Lead-free Quenching Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_(3)-BaTiO_(3) Synchrotron diffraction Ferroelectric

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Risk of bias and reporting practices in studies comparing vO2max responses to sprint interval *** training:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第5期11卷 552-566页

作者： jacob T.Bonafiglia Hashim Islam Nicholas Preobrazenski Brendon J.Gurd School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada

Background:It remains unclear whether studies comparing _(max)imal oxygen uptake(vO_(2max))response to sprint interval training(SIT)***-intensity continuous training(MICT)are associated with a high risk of bias and poor reporting *** purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of bias and quality of reporting in studies comparing changes in vO_(2max) between SIT and ***:We conducted a comprehensive literature search of 4 major databases:AMED,CINAHL,EMBASE,and *** were excluded if participants were not healthy adult humans or if training protocols were unsupervised,lasted less than 2 weeks,or utilized mixed exercise *** used the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the CONSORT checklist for non-pharmacological trials to evaluate the risk of bias and reporting quality,***:Twenty-eight studies with 30 comparisons(3 studies included 2 SIT groups)were included in our meta-analysis(n=360 SIT participants:body mass index(BMI)=25.9±3.7 kg/m^(2),baseline vO_(2max)=37.9±8.0 mL/kg/min;n=359 MICT participants:BMI=25.5±3.8 kg/m^(2),baseline vO_(2max)=38.3±8.0 mL/kg/min;all mean±SD).All studies had an unclear risk of bias and poor reporting ***:Although we observed a lack of superiority between SIT and MICT for improving vO_(2max)(weighted Hedge’s g=0.004,95%con-fidence interval(95%CI):-0.08 to 0.07),the overall unclear risk of bias calls the validity of this conclusion into *** studies using robust study designs are needed to interrogate the possibility that SIT and MICT result in similar changes in vO_(2max).

关键词： Bias Cardiorespiratory fitness CONSORT Moderate-intensity continuous training Sprint interval training

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Systematic review of dynamization vs exchange nailing for delayed/non-union femoral fractures

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第7期9卷 92-99页

作者： jacob E vaughn Ronit v Shah Tarek Samman jacob Stirton Jiayong Liu Nabil A Ebraheim College of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Toledo Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Toledo Medical Center

AIM To analyze the literature on efficacy of dynamamization vs exchange nailing in treatment of delayed and nonunion femur *** Ultimately, 31 peer-reviewed articles with 644 exchanged nailing patients and 131 dynamization patients were identified and analyzed. The following key words were inputted in different combinations in order to search the field of publications in its entirety: "nonunion", "delayed union", "ununited", "femur fracture", "femoral fracture", "exchange nailing", "dynaiz(s)ation", "secondary nailing", "dynamic", "static", and "nail revision". The initial search yielded over 150 results, and was refined based on the inclusion criteria: Only studies reporting on humans, non-unions and delayed unions, and the usage of exchange nailing and/or dynamization as a secondary treatment after failed IM nailing. The resulting 66 articles were obtained through online journal access. The results were filtered further based on the exclusion criteria: No articles that failed to report overall union rates, differentiate between success rates of their reported techniques, or articles that analyzed less than 5 patients. RESULTS Exchange nailing lead to fracture union in 84.785% of patients compared to the 66.412% of dynamization with statistically comparable durations until union(5.193 ± 2.310 mo and 4.769 ± 1.986 mo respectively). Dynamically locking exchange nails resulted in an average union time of 5.208 ± 2.475 mo compared to 5.149 ± 2.366 mo(P = 0.8682) in statically locked exchange nails. The overall union rate of the two procedures, statically and dynamically locked exchange nailing yielded union rates of 84.259% and 82.381% respectively. Therefore, there was no significant difference between the different locking methods of exchange nailing for union rate or time to union at a significance value of P < 0.05. The analysis showed exchange nailing to be the more successful choice in the treatment of femoral non-unions in respect to its higher succ

关键词： Non-union Delayed union Dynamization Femoral fracture Exchange nailing

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Airborne Acoustic Transmission and Terrain Topography at SAINTGITS Amphitheatre:An Analysis of Outdoor Auditory Perception and Comparison of Contour Plots

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Sound & vibration 2022年第3期56卷 255-274页

作者： jacob Thottathil varghese Sajan Thomas Joselin Herbert Chacko Preno Koshy Arjun venugopal Department of Mechanical Engineering SAINTGITS College of EngineeringKottayam686532India APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University ThiruvanathapuramKerala695016India Part-Time Research Scholar Department of Mechanical EngineeringNICHENagercoil629180India Department of Mechanical Engineering NICHENagercoilTamil Nadu629180India

The arrangement of natural and physical features on the earth’s surface are a few among the countless items that govern the airborne acoustic transmission at boundary *** particular,if the acoustic waves are attributes of live concerts at open-air theatres,without losing the sheen and quality,the audience should certainly receive the unbroken depth of the ***,at all times,it is advisable to analyse the auditory receptiveness,particularly in all intended recreational *** current pandemic circumstances and the mandated COvID-19 prevention protocols encourage gatherings in naturally ventilated outdoor regions than confined *** work predicts and quantifies the acoustic experience at the naturally carved amphitheatre at SAINTGITS,an autonomous institution at the down South-West of the Indian *** entire recreational space at SAINTGITS AMPHI was separately modelled as a Base case and Advanced case,and were analysed using the acoustic modelling module of EASE Focus,a renowned simulation freeware,which is in strict adherence with the International *** variation in loudness received at the nearest and farthest ends of the amphitheatre was between 67 to 80 *** the Zero frequency SPL(Z-weighting)exhibited the loudness in the range of 81 to 85 dB and could maintain a safer auditory level for any human ear,it was confined to a hemispherical region near the sound source.A vertical beam angle of−4.0°was found to be effective *** procedures and analyses will certainly help the future organizers and stakeholders to effectively plan the resources to reap rich acoustic experience at terrain-centric *** surface topography and contours were plotted with another set of freeware,the CADMAPPER and the QUIKGRID,to compare terrain gradient with the known ***,this interdisciplinary research exhibits the extensive simulation capability of both EASE Focus and QUIKGRID and demonstrates the modelling v

关键词： Acoustic airborne transmission Sound Pressure Level(SPL) Amphitheatre SAINTGITS contour plot terrain topology safe acoustics

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