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Effects of rodent abundance and richness on cache pilfering

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 331-338页

作者： jacob W.DITTEL Stephen B.VANDER WALL Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA Department of Biology and the Program in Ecology Evolutionand Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA

Scatterhoarding is a common behavioral strategy to conserve food during periods of scarcity,but this type of food storage is vulnerable to theft or pilferage.A variety of environmental factors and cache characteristics influence the rate of *** we investigate 2 environmental factors,which heretofore have not received much attention:the abundance and species richness of scatterhoarding animals in the vicinity of scatterhoarded *** measured the rate of cache pilferage at 7 sites that differed in the number and species composition of granivorous rodents in western Nevada using local native seeds and sunflower *** found that there was no difference between the pilferage rate of native seeds and sunflower seeds,but that sites with different rodent abundances had different pilferage *** rates were proportional to the abundance of scatterhoarding *** rodents removed seeds at the rate of 1.3%/day/rodent *** richness of scatterhoarding rodents was not correlated with rates of *** results suggest that density-dependent competition for scatterhoarded seeds is a strong determinant of pilferage rates.

关键词： cache pilfering competition food hoarding heteromyids rodent abundance scatter hoarding sciurids

VOLUME SEGMENTATION BY POST-PROCESSING DATA FROM SIMULATION OF SOLIDIFICATION IN THE METAL CASTING PROCESS

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2013年第S1期4卷 128-141页

作者： ELIZABETH jacob M.MANOJ ROSCHEN SASIKUMAR Computational Modeling and Simulation Unit National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Trivandrum–695019 India

In the process of interpreting simulation results,new post-processing techniques are *** work presents a post-processing method that analyzes the solidification pattern formed by simulation of the solidification process of molten metal in a mold to produce shaped *** generally involve numerical solutions of differential equations which are discretized by dividing the three-dimensional computational domain into small finite volume elements using a 3D *** locations of the grid points and values of the solidification time at these locations are used to divide the spatial data into 3D sections such that starting from a hotspot location within the section that has high solidification time,there is a gradient outwards with lower values of solidification *** section is assumed to be fed by one or more feeders that must freeze only after the section has solidified *** volume of a feeder can be determined from the volume of the section it is supposed to *** volume and surface area of sections are determined approximately to calculate feeder size and *** post-processing algorithm is a simulation-based quantitative approach to feeder design which in conventional foundry practice has been more of an art than *** is also general enough for use in other 3D segmentation applications.

关键词： Metal casting simulation solidification pattern volume segmentation feeder design.

Food-delivery behavior under crowd sourcing mobility services

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第4期9卷 676-691页

作者： Jianqiang Fan Xiaoxia Yao Luhao Zhou jacob Wood Chao Wang School of Economics and Management Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China Department of Business James Cook University SingaporeSingapore 387380Singapore

The rapid development of the online food-delivery industry,has led to not only increases in the number of the crowd-sourced shared food-delivery service drivers on our roads,but also growing urban traffic safety management *** study investigates the decision-making behaviors that exist between delivery drivers,their food-delivery platform and their potential impact on traffic *** the evolutionary game theory,stakeholder decision-making behaviors involving traffic safety within the food-delivery industry were *** our analysis,several behavioral influencers were identified,including penalties for traffic violations,the opportunity cost of delivery drivers complying with traffic rules,the costs associated with risk and strict management approaches,reputation incentives,costs related to the delivery platform being punished,the probability of compliance with traffic rules,and the probability of adopting a strict management approach by the delivery *** study demonstrates that stabilization strategies used by the food service industry differ when the types of government control measures also *** the government takes a more aggressive approach to regulation and control,compliance with the traffic rules and the adoption of strict enforcement measures by management are the only evolutionary stability strategies available to food-delivery *** part of a strict management strategy,appropriate compensation or incentive measures should be provided by the distribution ***,the fines given for traffic violations should be increased to create a safer road environment that has fewer traffic accidents involving food-delivery drivers.

关键词： Crowd sourcing mobility services Shared food-delivery Evolutionary game Behavior analysis Traffic safety

Spectroscopic studies of gel-grown lanthanum malonate crystals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2012年第3期30卷 245-249页

作者： Varghese Mathew Sabu jacob Lizymol Xavier K.E.Abraham Department of Physics St.Aloysius'CollegeEdathua-689573India Department of Physics S.B.CollegeChanganacherry-686101India

Lanthanum malonate crystals were grown by single tube ionic diffusion through silica gel. The crystallinity of the grown crystals was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction studies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and fourier transform （FT） Raman studies confirmed the presence of functional groups in the title compound. The optical band gap energy of the material was extracted from diffuse reflectance spectrum.

关键词： lanthanum malonate crystal growth X-ray diffraction analysis DRS studies FTIR and FT Raman studies rare earths

A balancing act between IFITM3 and IRF3

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第10期15卷 873-874页

作者： Temet M McMichael Mahesh Chemudupati jacob S Yount Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity Center for Microbial Interface BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

Interferon(IFN)-induced transmembrane protein 3(IFITM3)is a potent antiviral factor capable of restricting numerous virus infections.1 Viruses inhibited by IFITM3 generally enter cells via endocytosis,and are trafficked to IFITM3-positive intracellular membrane compartments.1,2 IFITM3-positive compartments are acidic and stain positive for a variety of endosomal,lysosomal and autophagosomal markers.2,3 Although the membrane fusion of many endocytic viruses,such as influenza virus,is triggered by acidic pH,fusion is blocked in the presence of IFITM3,and virions are degraded2,4,5(Figure 1).It has been proposed that IFITM3 alters membrane properties,including rigidity and curvature,to inhibit virus membrane fusion.5 The molecular mechanism underlying these IFITM3-induced membrane alterations is not well characterized,and whether IFITM3 has other cellular functions is also not known.

关键词： IFITM3 inhibited alterations

Minor fibrillar collagens,variable regions alternative splicing,intrinsic disorder,and tyrosine sulfation

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Protein & Cell 2012年第6期3卷 419-433页

作者： Ming Fang Reed jacob Owen McDougal Julia Thom Oxford Department of Biological Sciences Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA Biomolecular Research Center Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA

Minor fibrillar collagen types V and XI,are those less abundant than the fibrillar collagen types I,II and *** alpha chains share a high degree of similarity with respect to protein sequence in all domains except the variable *** variation and,in some cases,extensive alternative splicing contribute to the unique sequence characteristics of the variable *** unique expression patterns in tissues exist,the functions and biological relevance of the variable regions have not been *** this review,we summarize the existing knowledge about expression patterns and biological functions of the collagen types V and XI alpha *** of biochemical similarities among the peptides encoded by each exon of the variable region suggests the potential for a shared *** alternative splicing,conservation of biochemical characteristics in light of low sequence conservation,and evidence for intrinsic disorder,suggest modulation of binding events between the surface of collagen fibrils and surrounding extracellular molecules as a shared function.

关键词： minor fibrillar collagens variable regions alternative splicing fibrillogenesis heparan sulfate binding sites intrinsic disorder tyrosine sulfation

A new bacteria-free strategy induced by MaGal2 facilitates pinewood nematode escape immune response from its vector beetle

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 1087-1102页

作者： Chi Zhang jacob D.Wickham Lilin Zhao Jianghua Sun State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Symbiotic microbes play a crucial role in regulating parasite–host interactions;however,the role of bacterial associates in parasite–host interactions requires *** this study,we showed that,instead of introducing numerous symbiotic bacteria,dispersal of 4th-stage juvenile(JIV)pinewood nematodes(PWNs),Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,only introduced few bacteria to its vector beetle,Monochamus alternatus(Ma).JIV showed weak binding ability to five dominant bacteria species isolated from the beetles’pupal *** was especially the case for binding to the opportunistic pathogenic species Serratia marcescens;the nematodes’bacteria binding ability at this critical stage when it infiltrates Ma for dispersal was much weaker compared with Caenorhabditis elegans,Diplogasteroides asiaticus,and propagative-stage *** associated bacterium ***,which was isolated from the beetles’pupal chambers,was unfavorable to Ma,because it caused a higher mortality rate upon injection into *** addition,*** in the tracheae caused more immune effector disorders compared with PWN ***_Galectin2(MaGal2),a pattern-recognition receptor,was up-regulated following PWN *** MaGal2 protein formed aggregates with five dominant associated bacteria in ***,MaGal2 knockdown beetles had up-regulated prophenoloxidase gene expression,increased phenoloxidase activity,and decreased PWN *** study revealed a previously unknown strategy for immune evasion of this plant pathogen inside its vector,and provides novel insights into the role of bacteria in parasite–host interactions.

关键词： galectin immune evasion pinewood nematode symbiotic bacteria vector beetle

The status of fertility control for rodents—recent achievements and future directions

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 964-980页

作者： Kyra jacobLINNERT Jens jacob Zhibin ZHANG Lyn A.HINDS Julius Kühn-Institute(JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and ForestsVertebrate ResearchMünsterGermany Department of Behavioral Biology University OsnabrückOsnabrückGermany State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CSIRO Health and Biosecurity CanberraACTAustralia

Management of overabundant rodents at a landscape scale is complex but often required to sustainably reduce rodent abundance below damage *** conventional techniques such as poisoning are not species speciﬁc,with some approaches becoming increasingly unacceptable to the general *** control,ﬁrst proposed for vertebrate pest management over 5 decades ago,has gained public acceptance because it is perceived as a potentially more species-speciﬁc and humane approach compared with many lethal *** ideal fertility control agent needs to induce infertility across one or more breeding seasons,be easily delivered to an appro-priate proportion of the population,be species speciﬁc with minimal side-effects(behavioral or social structure changes),and be environmentally benign and cost *** date,effective fertility control of rodents has not been demonstrated at landscape scales and very few products have achieved *** targets for fertility control include disrupting the hormonal feedback associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,gonad function,fertilization,and/or early *** review progress on the oral delivery of various agents for which laboratory studies have demonstrated efﬁcacy in females and/or males and synthesize progress with the development and/or use of synthetic steroids,plant extracts,ovarian speciﬁc peptides,and immunocontracep-tive *** are promising results forﬁeld application of synthetic steroids(levonorgestrel,quinestrol),chemosterilants(4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide),and some plant extracts(triptolide).For most fertility control agents,more research is essential to enable their efﬁcient and cost-effective delivery such that rodent impacts at a population level are mitigated and food security is improved.

关键词： ecologically based rodent management levonorgestrel quinestrol triptolide 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide

Evidence for a female-produced, long range pheromone of Anoplophora glabripennis （Coleoptera Cerambycidae）

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 355-371页

作者： jacob D.Wickham Zhichun Xu Stephen A.Teale Department of Environmental and Forest Biology SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry1 Forestry DriveSyracuseN Y 13210USA College of Forest Resources Beijing Forestry University Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Volatiles from female Asian longhorned beetle （ ALB ）, Anoplophora glabripenhis, were evaluated as candidate sex pheromone components. Previous studies on ALB have revealed several antennally active compounds from virgin females; however the origins and activity of these compounds were not apparent and require further investigation. We tested the hypothesis that one or more of the ALB contact sex pheromones is a precursor that undergoes abiotic oxidation to yield volatile pheromone components, and evaluated the activity of these compounds using laboratory and field bioassays. Gas chromatogra- phy coupled electroantennography detection （GC-EAD） analysis indicated the presence of three antennally active aldehydes （heptanal, nonanal, and hexadecanal） in female cuticular extracts exposed to ozone or UV and visible light. In laboratory bioassays using a Y-tube olfactometer, males were preferentially attracted to ozonized female body washes over crude body washes. Similarly, synthetic formulations of these compounds were preferred over controls in the olfactometer. Field trapping experiments conducted from 2006 to 2008 in Ningxia, China showed that synthetic lures of the three aldehydes formulated in a ratio simulating that of virgin females attracted more beetles compared to controls, and that combinations of these aldehydes, linalool oxide, and host kairomones captured more beetles than controls, and captured significantly more males.

关键词： Anoplophora glabripennis Asian longhorned beetle cuticular hydrocarbons,kairomone oxidation pheromone