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A new bacteria-free strategy induced by MaGal2 facilitates pinewood nematode escape immune response from its vector beetle

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 1087-1102页

作者： Chi Zhang jacob D.Wickham Lilin Zhao Jianghua Sun State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Symbiotic microbes play a crucial role in regulating parasite–host interactions;however,the role of bacterial associates in parasite–host interactions requires *** this study,we showed that,instead of introducing numerous symbiotic bacteria,dispersal of 4th-stage juvenile(JIV)pinewood nematodes(PWNs),Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,only introduced few bacteria to its vector beetle,Monochamus alternatus(Ma).JIV showed weak binding ability to five dominant bacteria species isolated from the beetles’pupal *** was especially the case for binding to the opportunistic pathogenic species Serratia marcescens;the nematodes’bacteria binding ability at this critical stage when it infiltrates Ma for dispersal was much weaker compared with Caenorhabditis elegans,Diplogasteroides asiaticus,and propagative-stage *** associated bacterium ***,which was isolated from the beetles’pupal chambers,was unfavorable to Ma,because it caused a higher mortality rate upon injection into *** addition,*** in the tracheae caused more immune effector disorders compared with PWN ***_Galectin2(MaGal2),a pattern-recognition receptor,was up-regulated following PWN *** MaGal2 protein formed aggregates with five dominant associated bacteria in ***,MaGal2 knockdown beetles had up-regulated prophenoloxidase gene expression,increased phenoloxidase activity,and decreased PWN *** study revealed a previously unknown strategy for immune evasion of this plant pathogen inside its vector,and provides novel insights into the role of bacteria in parasite–host interactions.

关键词： galectin immune evasion pinewood nematode symbiotic bacteria vector beetle

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China＇s Belt and Road Initiative：Perspectives from India

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China & World Economy 2017年第5期25卷 78-100页

作者： Jabin T. jacob Fellow Institute of Chinese Studies India

China ＂s Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） is often simplistically understood as beingopposed by lndia and supported by Pakistan. The reality on the ground is rather morecomplex. The emerging consensus in lndia appears to be that, far from being exclusivelyan economic and infrastructure development program, the BRI may be understood as along-term strategic initiative that seeks to convert China ＂s current economic might intodiplomatic influence. While attempts have been made by Beijing, the reflexive lndiansuspicion of Chinese international projection, including of China ＂s BRL has not yetbeen met by a coherent discourse designed to specifically address lndian concerns. Incontrast, in Pakistan, widespread acceptance of the importance and necessity of theChina-Pakistan Economic Corridor is increasingly coupled with concerns within sectorsof Pakistani society over the fairness, transparency and eventual economic outcomesof the project. Accordingly, this paper is divided into two parts： the first looks at howlndian analysts have viewed and responded to the Chinese discourse and arguments onthe BR1; the second considers the debate over the China-Pakistan Economic Corridorwithin Pakistan.

关键词： diplomacy, economic integration, infrastructure development, mutual mistrust, strategic competition

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Hydration Lubrication in Biomedical Applications:From Cartilage to Hydrogels

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第2期3卷 213-223页

作者： Weifeng Lin jacob Klein Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 76100Israel

CONSPECTUS:In the course of evolution,nature has achieved remarkably lubricated surfaces,with healthy articular cartilage in the major(synovial)joints being the prime example,that can last a lifetime as they slide past each other with ultralow friction(friction coefficientμ=the force to slide surfaces past each other/load compressing the surfaces<0.01)under physiological pressures(up to 10 MPa or more)).Such properties are unmatched by any man-made *** precise mechanism of low friction between such sliding cartilage tissues,which is closely related to osteoarthritis(OA),the most widespread joint disease,affecting hundreds of millions worldwide,has been studied for nearly a century,but is still not fully ***,the roles of load bearing by interstitial fluid within the cartilage bulk and that of thin exuded fluid films at the interface between the sliding cartilage surfaces have been proposed as the main lubrication *** recent work,however,suggests that molecular boundary layers at the surfaces of articular cartilage and other tissues play a major role in their *** particular,in recent years hydration lubrication has emerged as a new paradigm for boundary lubrication in aqueous media based on subnanometer hydration shells which massively reduce frictional *** vectors of hydration lubrication include trapped hydrated ions,hydrated surfactants,biological macromolecules,biomimetic polymers,polyelectrolytes and polyzwitterionic brushes,and close-packed layers of phosphatidylcholine(PC)vesicles,all having in common the exposure of highly hydrated groups at the slip *** them,vesicles(or bilayers)of PC lipids,which are the most widespread lipid class in mammals,are exceptionally efficient lubricating elements as a result of the high hydration of the phosphocholine headgroups they *** lipids are ubiquitous in joints,leading to the proposal that macromolecular surface complexes exposing PC bilayers

关键词： hydration frictional exceptional

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Dielectric and piezoelectric perfomance of lead-free ceramics of boron sodium gadolinate niobate at morphotropic phase boundary

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2020年第4期10卷 38-46页

作者： Nissamuddeen Kunnath jacob Philip Department of Instrumentation Cochin University of Science and Technology Cochin 682022 India Department of Physics PSMO College Tirurangadi Malappuram 676306 India Amal Jyothi College of Engineering Kanjirappally Kottayam 686518India

New lead-free piezoceramic nanocomposites of Boron Sodium Gadolinium Niobate(BNGN),with general formula(1-x)B_(0.5)Na_(0.5)GdO3xB_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_(3),exhibiting a Morphotropic Phase Boundary(MPB),have been synthesized following hydrothermal method followed by solid state *** occurrence of MPB at the composition with x=0.55,at which rhombohedral and monoclinic phases are found to coexist,has been confirmed using powder *** accounts for the occurrence of large remnant polarization when the sintered ceramic pellets are subjected to electric poling at 2KV/*** microstructure of various compositions is confirmed by SEM *** and piezoelectric properties of the samples are found to be comparable to those of commercial grade *** the MPB,the d_(33)coefficient is found to be 556 pC/N,which is close to that of commercial grade PZT,which makes BNGN a promising material to substitute lead containing PZT in the near future.

关键词： Piezoceramic nanocomposites morphotropic phase boundary Boron Sodium Gadolinium Niobate lead-free ceramics piezoelectric strain coefficient rhombohedral-monoclinic phase boundary

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Influences of at-sea fishery monitoring on science, management, and fleet dynamics

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2020年第3期5卷 107-112页

作者： jacob P.Kritzer Environmental Defense Fund 18 Tremont StreetBostonMA02108USA

Fisheries are complex systems comprised of scientific,management,fishing fleet,and ecological *** the composition,behavior,and functions of these sub-systems vary considerably,a review of case studies,research,and theory illustrates that one positive and pervasive influence across all can be at-sea monitoring of fishing activity and ***-sea monitoring provides reliable and high-resolution data on spatial and temporal patterns in effort and total catch,and the taxonomic and life stage composition of catch,thereby improving the science underlying management *** decisions can draw upon a wider range of approaches,such as rights-based management and finer scale spatial,temporal,and catch restrictions,that require the greater oversight facilitated by *** science and implementation can in turn increase confidence in management among the fishing fleet,bolstered by the knowledge that other fishers are equally accountable for their *** series of positive outcomes represent a self-reinforcing virtuous cycle in the ***,breakdowns in science,management,and fishing behavior can create an‘accountability cascade’of blame,distrust,and ***,effective at-sea monitoring,in combination with other reforms,can move fisheries away from overexploitation and toward *** to this transformation is a growing toolkit of technological innovations that increasingly make at-sea monitoring more feasible in fleets spanning diverse ecological,economic,political,and operational gradients.

关键词： Monitoring Accountability Uncertainty Incentives Compliance

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Fighting and aggressive sound determines larger male to win male-male competition in a bark beetle

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 203-214页

作者： Zhu-Dong Liu jacob D.Wickham Jiang-Hua Sun State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesChaoyang DistrictBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions Chinese Academy of SciencesChaoyang DistrictBeijingChina

Intrasexual selection occurs in male-male competition over access to females and usually results in the larger male *** much research has documented that size matters,little is known about how the larger male *** vale ns is an aggregating monogamous bark beetle in which males have large variation in body size and display intense competition over *** observation showed two males fight each other within the gallery by pushing/shoving and stridulated more when two males encountered each *** using two different-sized males synchronously competing showed that larger males won 95%of *** displacement experiments using muted and intact males of different or equal size were used to simulate male-male *** males displaced the smaller resident male in 90%of contests,while smaller males prevailed over larger residents in 6.7%of *** both males silenced,larger males displaced smaller males in 80%of con tests,while smaller males prevailed in 8%of con *** experiments using equal-sized males showed aggressive soundemitting males displaced muted males in 67%of contests,yet intact males displaced other intact males in only 37.5%of con *** analysis showed sound pressure level is an honest signal of body size and males chose soft sounds over loud aggressive sounds in ***,*** males have evolved dual behaviors,fighting and aggressive sounds associated with body size,to assess rivals to compete for a partner,gaining insights in male-male competition for this species and for other animals.

关键词： aggressive soun ds animal con test theory bark bee tie body size fighting male-male competition

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Inflammation and fibrosis in chronic liver diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第2期26卷 109-133页

作者： Sudeep Tanwar Freya Rhodes Ankur Srivastava Paul M Trembling William M rosenberg UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonRoyal Free CampusHampsteadLondon NW32PF United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Whipps Cross University HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLeytonstoneLondon E111NRUnited Kingdom

At present chronic liver disease(CLD),the third commonest cause of premature death in the United Kingdom is detected late,when interventions are ineffective,resulting in considerable morbidity and *** to the liver,the largest solid organ in the body,leads to a cascade of inflammatory *** inflammation leads to the activation of hepatic stellate cells that undergo transdifferentiation to become myofibroblasts,the main extra-cellular matrix producing cells in the liver;over time increased extra-cellular matrix production results in the formation of liver *** fibrogenesis may be viewed as having evolved as a“wound healing”process that preserves tissue integrity,sustained chronic fibrosis can become pathogenic culminating in CLD,cirrhosis and its associated *** the reference standard for detecting liver fibrosis,liver biopsy,is invasive and has an associated morbidity,the diagnostic assessment of CLD by non-invasive testing is ***,in this review the mechanisms by which liver inflammation and fibrosis develop in chronic liver diseases are explored to identify appropriate and meaningful diagnostic targets for clinical *** to differing disease prevalence and treatment efficacy,disease specific diagnostic targets are required to optimally manage individual CLDs such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis C *** facilitate this,a review of the pathogenesis of both conditions is also ***,the evidence for hepatic fibrosis regression and the mechanisms by which this occurs are discussed,including the current use of antifibrotic therapy.

关键词： Liver inflammation Fibrosis Cirrhosis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Chronic hepatitis C Chronic liver disease Anti-fibrotic Biomarker

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Pullthrough pitfalls in treating Hirschsprung disease

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第3期7卷 237-241页

作者： Kristy L Rialon jacob C Langer Pediatric Surgery Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA Surgery Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA General and Pediatric Surgery The Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto0ntarioCanada

INTRODUCTION Complications after a pullthrough for Hirschsprung disease can occur either early or late in the postoperative period.A small number of these patients may require reoper-ation,with rates varying from 3%to 28%at a large volume colorectal center.12 Indications for reoperation include stricture,leak,fistula,transition zone pullthrough or retained agan-glionosis,retained Soave cuff,or a Duhamel *** of these may manifest as obstruc-tive symptoms or constipation,which can be seen in 11%to 42%of patients.

关键词： patients Hirschsprung colorectal

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Water yield and biomass production for on a eucalypt-dominated Mediterranean catchment under different climate scenarios

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第5期34卷 1263-1278页

作者： Joao Rocha Ana Quintela Dalila Serpa Jan jacob Keizer Sérgio Fabres RAIZ-Forest and Paper Research Institute Quinta de S.FranciscoRua JoséEstevao(EN 230-1)3800–783 EixoAveiroPortugal Department of Environment and Planning Centre of Environmental and Marine Studies(CESAM)University of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago3810–193 AveiroPortugal

Worldwide,forests are vital in the regulation of the water cycle regulation and in water balance *** of ecohydrological responses of production forests is essential to support management strategies,especially where water is already *** climatological patterns are expected to impact thermopluviometric regimes,water cycle components,hydrological responses,and plant physiology,evapotranspiration rates,crop productivity and land management *** work(1)assessed the impacts of different predicted climate conditions on water yield;(2)inferred the impacts of climate change on biomass production on eucalypt-to-eucalypt succes *** this end,the widely accepted Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)was run with the RCA,HIRHAM5 and RACMO climate models for two emission scenarios(RCP 4.5 and8.5).Three 12-year periods were considered to simulate tree growth under coppice *** results revealed an overall reduction in streamflow and water yield in the catchment in line with the projected reduction in total annual ***,HIRHAM5 and RACMO models forecast a slight shift in seasonal streamflow of up to 2 months(for2024-2048)in line with the projected increase in precipitation from May to *** biomass production,the extreme climate model(RCA)and severe emis sion scenario(RCP 8.5)predicted a decrease up to 46%.However,in the less extreme and more-correlated(with actual catchment climate conditions)climate models(RACMO and HIRHAM5)and in the less extreme emission scenario(RCP 4.5),biomass production increased(up to 20%),and the growth cycle was slightly *** was proven to be a valuable tool to assess climate change impacts on a eucalypt-dominated catchment and is a suitable decision-support tool for forest managers.

关键词： Climate scenarios Forested catchments Forest ecohydrological modelling Eucalypt biomass production SWAT model

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In vitro antiplasmodial effect of ethanolic extracts of traditional medicinal plant Ocimum species against Plasmodium falciparum

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第2期5卷 103-106页

作者： Samuel jacob Inbaneson Sundaram Ravikumar Palavesam Suganthi Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies School of Marine SciencesAlagappa UniversityThondi CampusThondi-623 409Ramanathapuram DistrictTamil NaduIndia

Objective:To identify the possible antiplasmodial compounds from leaf,stem,root and flower extracts of Ocimum canum(***),Ocimum sanctum(***) and Ocimum basilicum (***).Methods:The ***,*** and *** were collected from Ramanalhapuram District,Tamil Nadu and the extraction was carried out in *** filter sterilized extracts(100,30,23,12.5,6.23 and 3.125μg/mL) of leaf,stem,root and flower extracts of ***,*** and *** were tested for antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum(***).The potential extracts were also tested for their phytochemical ***:The leaf extract of *** showed excellent antiplasmodial activity(IC_(50) 3538μg/mL) followed by leaf extract of ***(IC_(50) 4341μg/mL). The leaf extract of ***,root extracts of *** and ***,the stem and flower extracts of all the three tested Ocimum species showed IC_(50) values between 50 and 100μg/mL Statistical analysis reveals that,significant antiplasmodial activity(P<0.01) was observed between the concentrations and time of *** chemical injury to erythrocytes was also carried out and it shows that,there were no morphological changes in erythrocytes by the ethanolic extract of ***,*** and *** in vitro antiplasmodial activity might be due to the presence of alkaloids,glycosides,flavonoids,phenols,saponins,triterpenoids,proteins,resins, steroids and tannins in the ethanolic extracts of tested ***:The ethanolic leaf extracts of *** possess lead compounds for the development of antiplasmodial drugs.

关键词： Antiplasmodial activity IC_(50) Phytochemicals Plasmodium falciparum Ocimum species

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