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effect of dietary fiber and threonine content on intestinal barrier function in pigs challenged with either systemic *** lipopolysaccharide or enteric Salmonella Typhimurium

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 724-735页

作者： Michael O.Wellington Kimberley Hamonic jack e.c.krone John K.Htoo Andrew G.Van Kessel Daniel A.columbus Prairie Swine centre Inc.SaskatoonSK S7H 5N9Canada Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5A8Canada evonik Nutrition&care GmbH Hanau-WolfgangGermany

Background:The independent and interactive effects of dietary fiber(DF)and threonine(Thr)were investigated in growing pigs challenged with either systemic *** lipopolysaccharide(LPS)or enteric Salmonella Typhimurium(ST)to characterise their effect on intestinal barrier ***:In experiment 1,intestinal barrier function was assessed via oral lactulose and mannitol(L:M)gavage and fecal mucin analysis in pigs challenged with *** LPS and fed low fiber(LF)or high fiber(HF)diets with graded dietary *** lactulose recovery and L:M ratio increased(Pe LPS inoculation period in LF fed pigs but not in HF fed *** mucin output was increased(Ped HF compared to LF fed *** experiment 2,RT-qPcR,ileal morphology,digesta volatile fatty acid(VFA)content,and fecal mucin output were measured in Salmonella Typhimurium challenged pigs,fed LF or HF diets with standard or supplemented dietary *** inoculation increased(Pecal mucin output compared to the unchallenged *** Thr increased fecal mucin output in the HF-fed pigs(Fib×Thr;Peeding HF increased(Pconcentration in cecum and *** effect of either Thr or fiber on expression of gene markers was observed except a tendency(P=0.06)for increased MUc2 expression with the HF *** HF increased goblet cell numbers(Pconclusion:Dietary fiber appears to improve barrier function through increased mucin production capacity(i.e.,goblet cell numbers,MUc2 gene expression)and secretion(i.e.,fecal mucin output).The lack of effect of dietary Thr in Salmonella-challenged pigs provides further evidence that mucin secretion in the gut is conserved and,therefore,Thr may be limiting for growth under conditions of increased mucin production.

关键词： Barrier function e.coli lipopolysaccharide Fiber Goblet cells Mucin Salmonella Swine Threonine

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“机械灌注+”应用于扩大标准供肝移植--肝尽其用

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engineering 2024年第1期32卷 29-40页

作者： Zhoucheng Wang jack Martin Jiongjie Yu Kai Wang Kourosh Saeb-Parsy Xiao Xu Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310006China Department of Surgery Cambridge University Hospitals&NHS Foundation TrustCambridge CB22QQ UK Department of Surgery University of Cambridge&NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridge CB22QQUK Institute of Organ Transplantation Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003China

Transplantation represents the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases but is limited by the shortage of healthy donor *** criteria donor(ecD)liver grafts are increasingly utilized in clinical practice to mitigate this ***,impaired ischemic tolerance of these grafts jeopardizes organ viability during cold *** perfusion(MP)was designed to improve organ preservation and reduce posttransplant ***,it is increasingly evident that MP alone may not preserve ecD grafts *** emphasis has thus been placed on modified MP strategies,including the use of different perfusates,modified perfusion modalities,and different therapeutic ***,we introduce a novel term,"MP Plus,"denoting these additional strategies that are designed to restore organ function and potentially enable regeneration of ecD *** this review,we summarize the existing and potential modified MP strategies and discuss their advantages in reconditioning different ecD grafts in clinical settings.

关键词： Liver transplantation extended criteria donor Machine perfusion plus Organ shortage

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Application of the Shrinking Particle Model for the evaluation of Molecular Recyclability of PeT versus Semi-Aromatic Polyesters

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Open Journal of Physical chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 21-35页

作者： jack van Schijndel Sanne de Krom Dennis Molendijk Koen van Beurden Amarante Böttger Research Group Biopolymers/Green chemistry Centre of Expertise Safe & Resilient Society Avans University of Applied Science Breda Netherlands New Materials and Their Applications Centre of Expertise Safe & Resilient Society Avans University of Applied Science Breda Netherlands Department of Materials Science and engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

The molecular recyclability of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PeT) and three semi-aromatic polyesters poly (phloretic acid) (poly-H), poly (dihydroferulic acid) (poly-G), and poly (dihydrosinapinic acid) (poly-S) is evaluated in this study. PeT is an extensively used aromatic polyester, and poly-H, poly-G, and poly-S can be considered semi-aromatic poly (lactic acid) modifications. All these polyesters have been depolymerized at neutral pH and by acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolysis at two temperatures, i.e., 50˚c and 80˚c. Base-catalyzed depolymerization of virgin PeT leads to an isolated yield of 38% after 48 hours of reaction at 80˚c. contrary to these results for PeT, almost all the monomers of the semi-aromatic polyesters poly-H, poly-G, and poly-S are recovered with isolated yields larger than 90% at the same temperature after 15 minutes in a facile manner. A shrinking particle model used to determine the global kinetics of the base-catalyzed depolymerization showed that the rate rises with increasing temperature. Using the shrinking particle model, the intrinsic reaction rate constants were determined. It has been demonstrated that the rate coefficients of the depolymerization of the semi-aromatic polyesters poly-H, poly-G, and poly-S are between 2 and 3 orders of magnitude higher than those for PeT.

关键词： Depolymerization Molecular Recycling Poly-H Poly-G Poly-S PeT circular Polymers

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Quantitative characterization of polyacrylamide–shale interaction under various saline conditions

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Petroleum Science 2017年第3期14卷 586-596页

作者： Samyukta Koteeswaran jack c.Pashin Josh D.Ramsey Peter e.clark School of chemical engineering Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater OK 74078 USA Boone Pickens School of Geology Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 USA

Interaction of polymer-containing injected fluids with shale is a widely studied phenomenon, but much is still unknown about the interaction of charged polyacrylamides such as anionic and cationic polyacrylamides with shale. The nature of interaction of charged polyacrylamides with shale is not well understood, especially from the perspective of assessing the potential for polyacrylamides to cause formation damage. Zeta potential and rheological measurements were made for chattanooga and Pride Mountain shales suspended in polyacrylamide solutions with and without inorganic salts and tetramethyl ammonium chloride（TMAc）. The change in zeta potential and viscosity with time was recorded. The magnitude of decrease in the absolute value of zeta potential with time is indicative of adsorption of polymer on the surface of shale and serves as a measure of the extent of polymer interaction with shale. The salts that were used in this study are potassium chloride（Kcl）, sodium chloride（Na cl）. This study quantified the interaction of anionic and cationic polyacrylamide with different North American *** the experimental results, it was determined that the polyacrylamides can interact strongly with shale, particularly the cationic polyacrylamide. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of interaction of anionic and cationic polyacrylamide with each shale sample in the presence of additives such as salts.

关键词： Anionic and cationic polyacrylamides chattanooga shale Pride Mountain shale Zeta potentialSlurry rheology

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The influence of moisture on the permeability of crushed shale samples

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Petroleum Science 2019年第3期16卷 492-501页

作者： Mercy Achang jack c.Pashin eliot A.Atekwana Boone Pickens School of Geology Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater OK 74078USA Department of Geological Sciences University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716IJSA

Shale cuttings and cores recovered from the subsurface and stored for hours to decades tend to dry out and lose moisture and hydrocarbons,leading to an increase in the effective matrix *** loss in shale samples is a fundamental sample preservation problem which can be solved by applying a standard moisture equilibration procedure to restore lost *** aim was to investigate the relationship between permeability and variable moisture as-received,as-received moisture-equilibrated and saturated moisture-equilibrated *** were crushed to a series of particle sizes(0.6-2.0)mm and moisture equilibrated at 97% relative *** show that moisture equilibration in the samples was achieved after 72 *** permeability of the saturated moisture-equilibrated and as-received moisture-equilibrated samples decreased exponentially with increase in moisture *** high correlation coefficient between permeability and particle size(r = 0.96 and 0.97)for moisture-equilibrated samples compared to 0.76 for as-received samples indicates that moisture equilibration improves permeability measurements in crushed shale ***,permeability measurements are repeatable for moisture-equilibrated samples compared to samples that were not equilibrated(as-received).We conclude that moisture content affects permeability and moisture equilibration normalizes and improves the repeatability of permeability measurements in crushed shale.

关键词： crushed shale Matrix permeability Moisture equilibration

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Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies

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current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 433-440页

作者： jack A Goldman Adam L crane Laurence e A Feyten emily collins Grant e Brown Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCCanada H4B 1R6

In animal communication systems,individuals that detect a cue(i.e.,“receivers”)are often influenced by characteristics of the cue *** instance,in many species,receivers avoid chemical cues that are released by emitters experiencing *** chemical“disturbance cues”appear to benefit receivers by warning them about nearby danger,such as a predator’s *** the active ingredients in disturbance cues have been largely unexplored,by-products of metabolized protein are thought to play a role for some *** so,the content(quality)and volume(quantity)of the emitter’s diet should affect their disturbance cues,thus altering how receivers perceive the cues and *** Poecilia reticulata are a species known to discriminate among disturbance cues from different types of donors,but dietary variation has yet to be *** this study,we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect disturbance cues released by guppy emitters(i.e.,experimental“donors”).Receivers discriminated between donor cue treatments,responding more strongly to cues from donors fed a protein-rich bloodworm diet(experiment 1),as well as an overall larger diet(experiment 2).We also found that receivers exposed to higher background risk were more sensitive to disturbance cue variation,with the strongest avoidance responses displayed by high-risk receivers toward disturbance cues from donors fed the high-quality ***,diet,and perhaps protein specifically,affects either the concentration or composition of disturbance cues released by *** variation may be important in information signaling in social species like the guppy.

关键词： alarm cues chemical cues diet quality diet quantity protein

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Integration of molecular genetic technology with quantitative genetic technology for maximizing the speed of genetic improvement

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华南农业大学学报 2005年第S1期26卷 104-117页

作者： jack c.M. DeKKeRS Department of Animal Science and center for Integrated Animal Genomics 239D Kildee Hall Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA

To date,most genetic progress for quantita-tive traits in livestock has been made by selec-tion on phenotype or on estimates of breedingvalues(BBV)derived from phenotype,withoutknowledge of the number of genes that affect thetrait or the effects of each *** this quantita-tive genetic approach to genetic improvement,the genetic architecture of traits of interest hasessentially been treated as a‘black box’.De-spite this,the substantial rates of genetic im-provement that have been and continue to be a-chie...

关键词： molecular genetics quantitative genetic QTL MAS

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Machine learning algorithms for suicide risk:a premature arms race?

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General Psychiatry 2020年第6期33卷 429-431页

作者： jack c Lennon Department of Psychology Adler UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA

INTRODUcTION Machine learning(ML)techniques1 are becoming a major area of study in psychiatry,as ML possesses the theoretical capacity to draw conclusions based on a broad range of data once the system has been taught through a process of trial and ***,and arguably most importantly,ML can do so more quickly and accurately than clinicians.2 Several studies have demonstrated accuracy through the use of ML in various populations and geographic locations,further perpetuating the perceived need to incorporate ML into ongoing studies.

关键词： becoming learning conclusions

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Physics-based,data-driven approach for predicting natural ventilation of residential high-rise buildings

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Building Simulation 2022年第1期15卷 129-148页

作者： Vincent J.L.Gan Boyu Wang c.M.chan A.U.Weerasuriya jack c.P.cheng Department of Building School of Design and EnvironmentNational University of SingaporeSingapore117566 Department of civil and environmental engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong999077China

Natural ventilation is particularly important for residential high-rise buildings as it maintains indoor human comfort without incurring the energy demands that air-conditioning *** improve a building’s natural ventilation,it is essential to develop models to understand the relationship between wind flow characteristics and the building's *** more effort is still needed for developing such reliable,accurate,and computationally economical models instead of currently the most popular physics-based models such as computational fluid dynamics(cFD)*** paper,therefore,presents a novel model developed based on physics-based modelling and a data-driven approach to evaluate natural ventilation in residential high-rise *** model first uses cFD to simulate wind pressures on the exterior surfaces of a high-rise *** the surface pressures have been obtained,multizone modelling is used to predict the air change per hour(AcH)for different flats in various ***-driven prediction models are then developed using data from the simulation and deep neural networks that are based on mean absolute error,mean absolute percentage error,and a fusion algorithm *** data-driven models are used to predict the AcH of 25 *** results from multizone modelling and data-driven modelling are *** results imply a high accuracy of the data-driven prediction in comparison with physics-based *** fusion algorithm-based neural network performs best,achieving 96%accuracy,which is the highest of all models *** study contributes a more efficient and robust method for predicting wind-induced natural *** findings describe the relationship between building design(e.g.,plan layout),distribution of surface pressure,and the resulting AcH,which serve to improve the practical design of sustainable buildings.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics data-driven prediction machine learning multizone model natural ventilation residential building

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Sender and receiver experience alters the response of fish to disturbance cues

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current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 255-261页

作者： jack A.GOLDMAN Laurence e.A.FeYTeN Indar W.RAMNARINe Grant e.BROWN Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke St.WestMontrealQCH4B 1R6Canada Department of Lifte Sciences University of the West IndiesSt.AugustineTrinidad and Tobago

Predation is a pervasive selection pressure,shaping morphological,physiological,and behavioral phenotypes of prey *** studies have begun to examine how the effects of individual experience with predation risk shapes the use of publicly available risk assessment ***,we investigated the effects of prior predation risk experience on disturbance cue production and use by Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata under laboratory *** our first experiment,we demonstrate that the response of guppies from a high predation population(Lopinot River)was dependent upon the source of disturbance cue senders(high *** predation populations).However,guppies collected from a low predation site(Upper Aripo River)exhibited similar responses to disturbance cues,regardless of the sender *** our second experiment,we used laboratory strain guppies exposed to high versus low background risk *** results show an analogous response patterns as shown for our first *** exposed to high background risk conditions exhibited stronger responses to the disturbance cues collected from senders exposed to high(***)risk conditions and guppies exposed to low risk conditions were not influenced by sender ***,our results suggest that experience with background predation risk significantly impacts both the production of and response to disturbance cues in guppies.

关键词： disturbance cues ecology of information perceived risk predator-prey interactions Trinidadian guppy

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