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Liver regeneration biology:Implications for liver tumour therapies

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2021年第12期12卷 1101-1156页

作者： Christopher Hadjittofi Michael Feretis jack martin Simon Harper Emmanuel Huguet University Department of Surgery Addenbrookes HospitalNIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences CenterCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom

The liver has remarkable regenerative potential,with the capacity to regenerate after 75%hepatectomy in humans and up to 90%hepatectomy in some rodent models,enabling it to meet the challenge of diverse injury types,including physical trauma,infection,inflammatory processes,direct toxicity,and immunological *** understanding of liver regeneration is based largely on animal research,historically in large animals,and more recently in rodents and zebrafish,which provide powerful genetic manipulation experimental *** immensely valuable,these models have limitations in extrapolation to the human *** vitro models have evolved from 2-dimensional culture to complex 3 dimensional organoids,but also have shortcomings in replicating the complex hepatic micro-anatomical and physiological *** process of liver regeneration is only partially understood and characterized by layers of *** regeneration is triggered and controlled by a multitude of mitogens acting in autocrine,paracrine,and endocrine ways,with much redundancy and cross-talk between biochemical *** regenerative response is variable,involving both hypertrophy and true proliferative hyperplasia,which is itself variable,including both cellular phenotypic fidelity and cellular trans-differentiation,according to the type of *** interactions occur between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells,and regeneration is affected by the status of the liver parenchyma,with differences between healthy and diseased ***,the process of termination of liver regeneration is even less well understood than its *** complexity of liver regeneration biology combined with limited understanding has restricted specific clinical interventions to enhance liver ***,manipulating the fundamental biochemical pathways involved would require cautious assessment,for fear of unintended ***,current knowledge provides guiding princip

关键词： Liver Liver regeneration potential Regeneration biology Tumour Therapies

Endothelial dysfunction contributes to severe COVID-19 in combination with dysregulated lymphocyte responses and cytokine networks

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第1期7卷 243-257页

作者： Louisa Ruhl Isabell Pink Jenny F.Kiihne Kerstin Beushausen Jana Keil Stella Christoph Andrea Sauer Lennart Boblitz Julius Schmidt Sascha David Hans-martin jack Edith Roth Markus Cornberg Thomas F.Schulz Tobias Welte Marius M.Hoper Christine S.Falk Institute of Transplant Immunology MHHDHanoverGermany Department of Pneumology MHHDHanoverGermany Department of Intensive Care Medicine University of ZurichCHZurichSwitzerland Division of Molecular Immunology Internal Medicine IIINikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular MedicineFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NurnbergDErlangenGermany Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology MHHDHanoverGermany Center for Individualized Infection Medicine CiiM HanoverGermany lnstitute of Virology MHHDHanoverGermany German Center for Infection Research DZIFTTU-IICHMarburgGermany Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST MHHHanoverGermany German Center for Lung Diseases DZL/BREATH MarburgGermany

The systemic processes involved in the manifestation of life・threatening COVID-19 and in disease recovery are still incompletely understood,despite investigations focusing on the dysregulation of immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 *** define hallmarks of severe COVID-19 in acute disease(n=58)and in disease recovery in con valesce nt patie nts(n=28)from Han nover Medical School,we used flow cytometry and proteomics data with unsupervised clustering *** our observational study,we combined analyses of immune cells and cytokine/chemokine networks with endothelial activation and *** patients displayed an altered immune signature with prolonged lymphopenia but the expansion of granulocytes and plasmablasts along with activated and terminally differentiated T and NK cells and high levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific *** core signature of seven plasma proteins revealed a highly inflammatory microenvironment in addition to endothelial injury in severe *** within this sign ature were associated with either disease progression or *** summary,our data suggest that besides a strong inflammatory response,severe COVID-19 is driven by endothelial activation and barrier disruption,whereby recovery depends on the regeneration of the endothelial integrity.

关键词： cytokine networks signature

Colorectal liver metastases: Current management and future perspectives

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2020年第10期11卷 761-808页

作者： jack martin Angelica Petrillo Elizabeth C Smyth Nadeem Shaida Samir Khwaja HK Cheow Adam Duckworth Paula Heister Raaj Praseedom Asif Jah Anita Balakrishnan Simon Harper Siong Liau Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis Emmanuel Huguet Department of Surgery Addenbrookes HospitalNIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences CentreCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom Department of Precision Medicine Division of Medical OncologyUniversity of Campania"L.Vanvitelli"Napoli 80131Italy&Medical Oncology UnitOspedale del Mare80147 Napoli Italy Department of Oncology Addenbrookes HospitalNIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences CentreCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom Department of Radiology Addenbrookes HospitalNIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences CentreCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridge CB220QQUnited Kingdom Department of Nuclear Medicine Addenbrookes HospitalNIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences CentreCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Addenbrookes HospitalNIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences CentreCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom

The liver is the commonest site of metastatic disease for patients with colorectal cancer,with at least 25%developing colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)during the course of their *** management of CRLM has evolved into a complex field requiring input from experienced members of a multi-disciplinary team involving radiology(cross sectional,nuclear medicine and interventional),Oncology,Liver surgery,Colorectal surgery,and *** management is based on assessment of sophisticated clinical,radiological and biomarker *** incomplete evidence in this very heterogeneous patient group,maximising resection of CRLM using all available techniques remains a key objective and provides the best chance of long-term survival and *** this end,liver resection is maximised by the use of downsizing chemotherapy,optimisation of liver remnant by portal vein embolization,associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,and combining resection with ablation,in the context of improvements in the functional assessment of the future remnant *** resection may safely be carried out laparoscopically or open,and synchronously with,or before,colorectal surgery in selected *** unresectable patients,treatment options including systemic chemotherapy,targeted biological agents,intraarterial infusion or bead delivered chemotherapy,tumour ablation,stereotactic radiotherapy,and selective internal radiotherapy contribute to improve survival and may convert initially unresectable patients to *** evolving areas include biomarker characterisation of tumours,the development of novel systemic agents targeting specific oncogenic pathways,and the potential reemergence of radical surgical options such as liver transplantation.

关键词： Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases Management Review

Fusarium pseudograminearum and *** affect the root system architecture of bread wheat

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作物学报：英文版 2023年第1期11卷 316-321页

作者： Ahmed Saad jack Christopher Anke martin Stephen McDonald Cassandra Percy Centre for Crop Health University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD 4350Australia University of Queensland Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation(QAAFI)Leslie Research FacilityToowoombaQLD 4350Australia

Yield losses of bread wheat due to crown rot can be more severe when drought conditions occur during the grain-filling *** architecture characteristics are important for soil exploration and belowground resource acquisition and are essential for adaptation to water-limited *** such as root angle,length and density have been strongly associated with acquisition efficiency and contribute to yield stability of the *** impact of crown rot pathogens on wheat root architecture is poorly *** examined differences in root angle,length and number,as well as dry root weight of the crown rot-susceptible bread wheat cultivar,Livingston inoculated with one of two crown rot pathogens Fusarium culmorum or Fusarium pseudograminearum in a transparent-sided root observation *** adverse impacts on plant health and growth were revealed by visual discolouration of the leaf sheaths;fresh and dry shoot weight;leaf area of the oldest and the youngest fully expanded leaf and leaf *** of most recorded root system measurements were reduced when inoculated with either *** or *** contrast,root angle was increased in the presence of *** but was not significantly changed by *** development of whiteheads and grain losses in bread wheat caused by crown rot have previously been associated with blockages of the vascular *** method employed here was able to identify differences in the pathogen impacts on roots,which were not detected using previous *** research indicates that in the presence of *** and *** infection,not only reductions in the size and biomass of the shoot system but also changes in the length,biomass and architecture of the root system could play an important role in yield loss.

关键词： Crown rot Root characteristics Livingston Wheat

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Late-entry commercial thinning effects on Pinus banksiana:growth, yield, and stand dynamics in Québec, Canada

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 95-106页

作者： martin-Michel Gauthier Stéphane Tremblay Ministère des Forêts de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service

We studied late-entry commercial thinning effects on growth, yield, and regeneration in a 48-year-old jack pine(Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stand. Applied thinning intensities were 27, 32, and 47% of merchantable basal area(BA) excluding skidding trails. After 15 years, mean diameter at breast height of surviving trees in the 47% BA removal increased by 4.9 cm(25%) compared to the unthinned control. The 47% BA removal also increased gross merchantable volume(GMV) tree-1by 46% compared to the control. The 27% BA removal had twice as much GMV ha-1compared to the 47% BA removal after15 years. Moreover, cumulative GMV ha-1was much higher in the 27% BA removal than in the unthinned control. The highest thinning intensity produced larger trees on average, while the lowest thinning intensity maximized volume production per hectare. Maintenance of acceptable growing stock throughout the 15-year period in the 27% BA removal could provide other ecosystem functions such as biodiversity enhancement or wildlife habitat by delaying senescence. Regeneration data showed that a shift in species composition occurred in the understory. After 15 years, the understory was dominated by black spruce(Picea mariana(Mill.) B.S.P.), white birch(Betula papyrifera Marsh.), and trembling aspen(Populus tremuloides Michx.). If regenerating jack pine is an objective after final overstory removal, additional efforts will be needed to re-establish this species.

关键词： jack pine Commercial thinning Stand yield Succession Delayed senescence Tree regeneration

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Effects of Plant Density on Boll Retention and Yield of Cotton in the Mid-South

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第4期8卷 891-906页

作者： jack C. McCarty Johnie N. Jenkins Russell W. Hayes martin J. Wubben Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit Crop Science Research Laboratory USDA-ARS Starkville MS USA

The number of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants being grown per unit of land area has gained attention due to the technology fees associated with seed containing value added traits. We investigated boll retention, yield, and yield components of cotton grown with reduced stands of 20% to 40% from the uniform planting pattern of four seeds per 30.5 cm of row. Five field experiments were conducted from 2012-2014 using eight treatments arranged in a randomized complete design with six replications. Yield and yield component data were collected. The plant one-row skip one-row treatment resulted in significant yield losses across all five experiments compared to the uniform planting pattern. Treatments with 20% stand reductions did not result in lower total yields;however, each plant in these treatments had to produce two additional bolls to maintain yield. Treatments which had at least 61 cm skips, 40% stand reduction, resulted in lower yields. Treatments had minor affects on boll weight, and lint percentage. The uniform planting pattern produced 67% of its yield from position one bolls compared to about 50% for treatments with reduced stands. Reduced stand treatments produced about 20% of their yield on monopodial branches compared to 10% for the uniform treatment. With modern precision planting equipments, opportunities exist to reduce seed rate and maintain yield;however, many production risk factors must also be considered before a reduced seeding rate is adopted.

关键词： Cotton Plant Population Fruit Retention Plant Skips

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马丁·伊登

2016年

作者： jack London[]

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美国农业研究体系——一个陈旧的结构?

世界农业 1984年第6期 12-14+52页

作者： martin Kenny,jack Kloppenburg,吕世简美国康乃尔大学农村社会学系美国康乃尔大学农村社会学系

近几个月来,生物技术在农业上的应用受到了有关方面的高度重视,不少单位还在考虑开展这方面的科研工作。本文作者回顾了美国研究分子生物学的历史以及与科研经费管理办法改变的关系。1982年下半年以来,由于生物技术的发展,美国国内对农... 详细信息

近几个月来,生物技术在农业上的应用受到了有关方面的高度重视,不少单位还在考虑开展这方面的科研工作。本文作者回顾了美国研究分子生物学的历史以及与科研经费管理办法改变的关系。1982年下半年以来,由于生物技术的发展,美国国内对农业部门科研经费的分配办法和农业研究体系的改革引起了一场剧烈的争论。美国生物技术在农业方面的研究起步比我们早,工作走在我们前面。他们的争论值得我们注意。他们的经验,他们的想法值得我们参考。

关键词：农业分子生物学石油化学生物技术洛克菲勒基金会美国美利坚合众国北美洲遗传工程基因工程补助经费科研经费

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商业生态系统的九大误解

销售与管理 2019年第15期 50-53页

作者： martin Reeves jack Fuller Michael G.Jacobides 波士顿咨询公司伦敦商学院

如果我们能够描述生态系统视角,并厘清有关该术语使用的种种误解和混乱,就可以为生态系统中有效的战略设计打下良好基础。与10年前相比,"生态系统"一词在年报中的出现频率增长了12倍。在现今全球最大的10家公司中,有7家都依赖于这样的系... 详细信息

如果我们能够描述生态系统视角,并厘清有关该术语使用的种种误解和混乱,就可以为生态系统中有效的战略设计打下良好基础。与10年前相比,"生态系统"一词在年报中的出现频率增长了12倍。在现今全球最大的10家公司中,有7家都依赖于这样的系统,所有这些公司都运用科技颠覆了所在行业乃至更广泛的经济领域。

关键词：生态系统协调者开放性共同进化数字化平台