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Current and future applications of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of the brain in hepatic encepha-lopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第19期12卷 2969-2978页

作者： VP Bob Graver M Alex Dresner Daniel M Forton Serena Counsell David J Larkman Nayna Patel howard C Thomas Simon D taylor-Robinson hepatology Section Division of Medicine A St Mary's CampusFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonSouth Wharf StreetLondon W2 1NYUnited Kingdom Imaging Sciences DepartmentClinical Sciences DivisionFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondon W12 0HSUnited Kingdom Imaging Sciences Department Clinical Sciences Division Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondon W12 0HSUnited Kingdom hepatology Section Division of Medicine A St Mary's CampusFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonSouth Wharf StreetLondon W2 1NYUnited Kingdom

hepatic encephalopathy （hE） is a common neuropsychiatric abnormality, which complicates the course of patients with liver disease and results from hepatocellular failure and/or portosystemic shunting. The manifestations of hE are widely variable and involve a spectrum from mild subclinical disturbance to deep coma. Research interest has focused on the role of circulating gut-derived toxins, particularly ammonia, the development of brain swelling and changes in cerebral neurotransmitter systems that lead to global CNS depression and disordered function. Until recently the direct investigation of cerebral function has been difficult in man. however, new magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） techniques provide a non-invasive means of assessment of changes in brain volume （coregistered MRI） and impaired brain function （fMRI）, while proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy （^1h MRS） detects changes in brain biochemistry, including direct measurement of cerebral osmolytes, such as myoinositol, glutamate and glutamine which govern processes intrinsic to cellular homeostasis, including the accumulation of intracellular water. The concentrations of these intracellular osmolytes alter with hyperammonaemia. MRS-detected metabolite abnormalities correlate with the severity of neuropsychiatric impairment and since MR spectra return towards normal after treatment, the technique may be of use in objective patient monitoring and in assessing the effectiveness of various treatment regimens.

关键词： hepatic encephalopathy Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Diffusion weighted imaging Arterial spin labeling Functional MRI

Controlled temperature-mediated curcumin release from magneto-thermal nanocarriers to kill bone tumors

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第5期7卷 107-117页

作者： A.Khodaei F.Jahanmard h.R.Madaah hosseini R.Bagheri A.Dabbagh h.Weinans Amin Yavari Institute for nanoscience and nanotechnology sharif university of technologytehraniran department of orthopedics university medical center utrechtutrechtthe netherlands department of materials science and engineering sharif university of technologytehraniran school of medicine faculty of health and medical sciencestaylor’s universitysubang jayamalaysia regenerative medicine utrecht utrecht universityutrechtthe netherlands

Systemic chemotherapy has lost its position to treat cancer over the past years mainly due to drug resistance,side effects,and limited survival *** a plethora of local drug delivery systems to solve this issue,the combinatorial strategy of chemo-hyperthermia has recently received *** we developed a magneto-thermal nanocarrier consisted of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(SPIONs)coated by a blend formulation of a three-block copolymer Pluronic F127 and F68 on the oleic acid(OA)in which Curcumin as a natural and chemical anti-cancer agent was *** subsequent nanocarrier SPION@OA-F127/F68-Cur was designed with a controlled gelation temperature of the shell,which could consequently control the release of *** release was systematically studied as a function of temperature and ph,via response surface methodology(RSM).The bone tumor killing efficacy of the released curcumin from the carrier in combination with the hyperthermia was studied on MG-63 osteosarcoma cells through Alamar blue assay,live-dead staining and apoptosis caspase 3/7 activation *** was found that the shrinkage of the F127/F68 layer stimulated by elevated temperature in an alternative magnetic field caused the curcumin *** the maximum release concentration and cell death took place at 45℃,treatment at 41℃ was chosen as the optimum condition due to considerable cell apoptosis and lower side effects of mild *** cell metabolic activity results confirmed the synergistic effects of curcumin and hyperthermia in killing MG-63 osteosarcoma cells.

关键词： Osteosarcoma Magnetic hyperthermia Curcumin MRI contrast agent

夏季修剪对苹果幼树光合作用蒸腾作用叶片脱落和干重积累的影响

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落叶果树 1982年第2期 40-41页

作者： B.h.taylor D.C.Feree 王金政丁少华

绵羊对不同型兰舌病病毒连续攻击后的临床表现和血清学应答的研究

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中国兽药杂志 1985年第1期22卷 41-45页

作者： M.h.Jeggo I.D.Gumn W.P.taylor 洪雷英国动物病毒研究所上海动植物检疫所

对一组已受蓝舌病病毒型5（BTV5）感染的英国绵羊,以同型病毒攻毒,发现其体内对该种攻毒具有保护作用,并产生同型

关键词：中和抗体攻毒绵羊 BTV 血清型血清变种病毒株蓝舌病病毒病毒血症血清学临床表现

地幔包体中可能的非平衡氧同位素效应—一种代替 Kyser-O’Neil-Carmichael18O/16O 地温计的方法

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地球与环境 1987年第7期 45-49+59页

作者： R.T.Gregory ,h.P.taylor Jr ,郑建平,路凤香武汉地院武汉地院

引言Kyser等（1981,1982）最近在其两篇文章中提出,超镁铁岩δ18O的变化比以往所认为的要大得多,也比月球的要大得多。这明显地扩大了我们对地幔中18O/16O变化的认识范围。基于上述资料并假定Ca-Mg元素分配地温计对这些地幔包体中的矿... 详细信息

引言Kyser等（1981,1982）最近在其两篇文章中提出,超镁铁岩δ18O的变化比以往所认为的要大得多,也比月球的要大得多。这明显地扩大了我们对地幔中18O/16O变化的认识范围。基于上述资料并假定Ca-Mg元素分配地温计对这些地幔包体中的矿物组合是有效的,Kyser等（1981）建立了辉石-橄榄石地温计:T（℃）=1.151-173Δ-68△2。

关键词：橄榄岩包体尖晶石分馏宝石精馏橄榄石岛状硅酸盐矿物辉石链状硅酸盐矿物 Kyser-O Neil-Carmichael 氧同位素非平衡

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混用除草剂防除野燕麦和阔叶杂草的研究

世界农药 1986年第4期 22-27页

作者： h. F. taylor M. P. C. Loader 王能武英国农业研究委员会杂草研究组织英国农业研究委员会杂草研究组织

在植物保护中需要混合使用多种农药,然而,混用很有可能降低效果,甚至使作物受到药害。目前,英国商品化的除草剂约有100种,随着品种的增多,作用特性类型也多了。实际上,农田杂草通常既有阔叶又有狭叶的种群,为了达到满意的防除,不可避免... 详细信息

在植物保护中需要混合使用多种农药,然而,混用很有可能降低效果,甚至使作物受到药害。目前,英国商品化的除草剂约有100种,随着品种的增多,作用特性类型也多了。实际上,农田杂草通常既有阔叶又有狭叶的种群,为了达到满意的防除,不可避免地要使用一种以上的有高度选择性的除草剂。为此,商品除草剂中含有两种或两种以上有效成分已很普遍。早在1969年,英国的复配除草剂商品已超过单剂的种数。化学公司致力于设计复配除草剂来扩大杀草谱,而农户也采取“桶混”的办法来混用除草剂或其他农药,以满足特殊的需要。这些配方的组合非常之多,而发生不可预见的后果的机会也几乎同样增多。当问题

关键词：野燕麦禾草灵燕麦草苯氧羧酸类除草剂除草剂阔叶杂草

Business Cycle in China since the Lehman Crisis:Interaction among Macroeconomic Policy,Economic Growth and Inflation

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China & World Economy 2013年第5期21卷 1-19页

作者： C.h.Kwan Zhinan Zhang Nomura Institute of Capital Markets Research

The major objectives of China＇s macroeconomic policy are to stabilize economic growth and inflation, which, in turn, are important factors determining key prices, such as the policy interest rate, the renminbi exchange rate and stockprices. In a framework that distinguishes different phases of the business cycle based on whether the current period＇s economic growth rate and inflation rate are above or below their ＂＇normal＂ values, this paper analyzes the interaction among macroeconomic policy, economic growth and inflation in China since the Lehman crisis, and the implications for these key prices. The path of China＇s economy indicates that stimulus measures taken by the government during the recession phase and tightening measures implemented during the overheating phase have helped minimize the fluctuation over the business cycle. Our analysis shows that Chinese authorities tend to rely more on adjusting the exchange rate than the interest rate to stabilize the economy. Comparing with conditions at the time of the post-Lehman recession, the current slowpace of economie growth in China may reflect not only weakening demand, but also a lowerpotential growth rate associated with the arrival of the Lewis turning point.

关键词： business cycle inflation Lehman crisis Lewis turning point taylor rule

A new classification for the family Graphidaceae(Ascomycota:Lecanoromycetes:Ostropales)

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第1期52卷 107-121页

作者： Eimy Rivas Plata Robert Lücking h.Thorsten Lumbsch Department of Biological Sciences University of Illinois-Chicago845 West Taylor Street(MC 066)ChicagoIL 60607USA Department of Botany The Field Museum1400 South Lake Shore DriveChicagoIL 60605-2496USA

A revised classification for the emended family Graphidaceae is proposed,based on recent phylogenetic studies,including the finding that three previously separated families(Asterothyriaceae,Gomphillaceae,Thelotremataceae)are nested within Graphidaceae and in part *** family comprises three major clades which are here delimited as subfamilies Fissurinoideae,Gomphilloideae,and *** latter is composed of three major clades which are formally delimited as tribes Graphideae,Ocellularieae,and *** addition,three new genera are described to accommodate the Ocellularia clandestina(Clandestinotrema)group,the Ocellularia cruentata group(Cruentotrema)and Myriotrema pycnoporellum(Pycnotrema).

关键词： Asterothyriaceae Classification Gomphillaceae Thelotremataceae

Artificial perturbation for solving the Korteweg-de Vries equation

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第12期7卷 2079-2082页

作者： KhELIL N. BENSALAh N. SAIDI h. ZERARKA A. Laboratory of Physics and Applied Mathematics University Med Khider BP 145 07000 Biskra Algeria

A perturbation method is introduced in the context of dynamical system for solving the nonlinear Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. Best efficiency is obtained for few perturbative corrections. It is shown that, the question of convergence of this approach is completely guaranteed here, because a limited number of term included in the series can describe a sufficient exact solution. Comparisons with the solutions of the quintic spline, and finite difference are presented.

关键词： Perturbation taylor series Quintic spline Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation