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Reducing the loss of genetic diversity associated with assisted colonization-like introductions of animals

Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 827-834页

作者： jaana kekkonen Jon E. BROMMER Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland

Translocations, especially assisted colonizations, of animals are increasingly used as a conservation management tool. In many cases, however, limited funding and other logistic challenges limit the number of individuals available for transloeation. In conservation genetics, small populations are predicted to rapidly lose genetic diversity which can deteriorate population survival. Thus, how worried should we be about the loss of genetic diversity when introducing small, isolated populations？ Historical species introductions provide a means to assess these issues. Here we review 13 studies of ＂assisted colonization-like＂ introductions of animals, where only a small known number of founders established an isolated population without secondary contact to the source population. We test which factors could be important in retaining genetic diversity in these cases. In many cases, loss in heterozygosity （-12.1%） was detected, and more seriously the loss in allelic richness （-27.8 %）. Number of founders seemed to have an effect but it also indicated that high population growth rate could help to retain genetic diversity, i.e. future management actions could be effective even with a limited number of founders if population growth would be enhanced. On the contrary, translocated organisms with longer generation times did not seem to retain more genetic diversity. We advocate that, where possible, future studies on translocated animals should report the loss of genetic diversity （both heterozygosity and allelic richness）, which is essential for meta-analyses like this one for deepening our understanding of the genetic consequences of assisted colonization, and justifying management decisions [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 827-834, 2015].

关键词： Introduced species Loss of genetic diversity Number of founders Conservation management Population growth rate Generation time

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Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG intervention on global serum lipidomic profiles in healthy adults

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第20期14卷 3188-3194页

作者： Riina A kekkonen Marko Sysi-Aho Tuulikki Seppnen-Laakso Ilkka Julkunen Heikki Vapaatalo Matej Orei Riitta Korpela University of Helsinki Institute of Biomedicine Pharmacology University of Helsinki VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland National Public Health Institute Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology

AIM: To investigate the effect of three weeks’ intervention with a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) bacteria on global serum lipidomic profiles and evaluate whether the changes in inflammatory variables (CRP, TNF-α and IL-6) are reflected in the global lipidomic profiles of healthy adults. METHODS: We performed UPLC/MS-based global lipidomic platform analysis of serum samples (n = 26) in a substudy of a randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled 3-wk clinical intervention trial investigating the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in healthy adults. RESULTS: A total of 407 lipids were identified, corresponding to 13 different lipid classes. Serum samples showed decreases in the levels of lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoGPCho), sphingomyelins (SM) and several glycerophosphatidylcholines (GPCho), while triacylglycerols (TAG) were mainly increased in the probiotic LGG group during the intervention. Among the inflammatory variables, IL-6 was moderatelyassociated by changes in global lipidomic profiles, with the top-ranked lipid associated with IL-6 being the proinflammatory LysoGPCho (20:4). There was a weak association between the lipidomic profiles and the two other inflammatory markers, TNF-α and CRP. CONCLUSION: This was the first study to investigate the effects of probiotic intervention on global lipidomic profiles in humans. There are indications that probiotic LGG intervention may lead to changes in serum global lipid profiles, as reflected in decreased GPCho, LysoGPCho and SM as well as mainly increased TAG.

关键词： Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Lipidomic Inflammatory mediators Healthy adults

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Probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris and Streptococcus thermophilus induce IL-12 and IFN-γ production

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第8期14卷 1192-1203页

作者： Riina A kekkonen Elina Kajasto Minja Miettinen Ville Veckman Riitta Korpela Ilkka Julkunen University of Helsinki Institute of Biomedicine Pharmacology PO Box 63 Helsinki 00014 Finland Valio Ltd Research Centre Meijeritie 4 00370 Helsinki Finland National Public Health Institute Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology Mannerheimintie 166 Helsinki 00300 Finland University of Helsinki Institute of Biomedicine Pharmacology PO Box 63 Helsinki 00014 Finland Foundation for Nutrition Research PO Box 30 Valio 00039 Finland Valio Ltd Research Centre Meijeritie 4 00370 Helsinki

AIM： To investigate the capacity of potentially probiotic strains from six bacterial genera to induce cytokine production alone or in combinations in order to identify potential enhancing or synergistic effects in order to select probiotic bacteria for in vivo purposes.METHODS： Cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） in response to stimulation with eleven different potentially probiotic bacterial strains from Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, L euconostoc a n d Propionibacterium genera was analysed. Production and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-y and IL-10 were determined by ELISA and Northern blotting, respectively.RESULTS： All tested bacteria induced TNF-α production. The best inducers of Thl type cytokines IL-12 and IFN-y were Streptococcus and Leuconostoc strains. All BiHdobacterium and Propionibacterium strains induced higher IL-IO production than other studied bacteria. Stimulation of PBMC with any bacterial combinations did not result in enhanced cytokine production suggesting that different bacteria whether gram-positive or gram- negative compete with each other during host cell interactions.CONCLUSION： The probiotic S. thermophilus and Leuconostoc strains are more potent inducers of Thl type cytokines IL-12 and IFN-γ than the probiotic Lactobacillus strains. Bacterial combinations did not result in enhanced cytokine production.

关键词： Probiotics Streptococcus Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium lactococcus leuconostoc Propionibacterium Immune response Cytokines Mononuclear cells

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Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus downregulates FCER1 and HRH4 expression in human mast cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第6期17卷 750-759页

作者： Anna Oksaharju Matti Kankainen Riina A kekkonen Ken A Lindstedtt Petri T Kovanen Riitta Korpela Minja Miettinen Wihuri Research Institute VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Biosystems Modelling Valio Ltd Research Centre University of Helsinki Institute of BiomedicineMedical Nutrition Physiology National Institute for Health and Welfare Department of Vaccines and Immune Protection

AIM:To investigate the effects of four probiotic bacteria and their combination on human mast cell gene expression using microarray ***:Human peripheral-blood-derived mast cells were stimulated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (***) GG (LGG),*** Lc705 (Lc705),Propionibacterium freudenreichii *** JS (PJS) and Bifidobacterium animalis *** Bb12 (Bb12) and their combination for 3 or 24 h,and were subjected to global microarray analysis using an Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 *** gene expression differences between unstimulated and bacteria-stimulated samples were further analyzed with GOrilla Gene Enrichment Analysis and Visualization Tool and MeV Multiexperiment ***:LGG and Lc705 were observed to suppress genes that encoded allergy-related high-affinity IgE receptor subunits α and γ (FCER1A and FCER1G,respectively) and histamine H4 ***,Lc705 and the combination of four probiotics had the strongest effect on the expression of genes involved in mast cell immune system regulation,and on several genes that encoded proteins with a pro-inflammatory impact,such as interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor *** genes that encoded proteins with anti-inflammatory functions,such as IL-10,were ***:Certain probiotic bacteria might diminish mast cell allergy-related activation by downregulation of the expression of high-affinity IgE and histamine receptor genes,and by inducing a pro-inflammatory response.

关键词： Probiotic bacteria Mast cells Microarray Allergy IgE receptor

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Potentially probiotic bacteria induce efficient maturation but differential cytokine production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第36期14卷 5570-5583页

作者： Sinikka Latvala Taija E Pietil Ville Veckman Riina A kekkonen Soile Tynkkynen Riitta Korpela Ilkka Julkunen Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology National Public Health Institute Mannerheimintie 166 Helsinki00300 Finland Pharmacology Instituteof Biomedicine University of Helsinki PO Box 63 Helsinki00014 Finland Research Center Valio Ltd Meijeritie 4 Helsinki 00370Finland

AIM： To analyze the ability of nine different potentially probiotic bacteria to induce maturation and cytokine production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells （moDCs）. METHODS： Cytokine production and maturation of moDCs in response to bacterial stimulation was analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and flow cytometric analysis （FACS）, respectively. The kinetics of mRNA expression of cytokine genes was determined by Northern blotting. The involvement of different signaling pathways in cytokine gene expression was studied using specific pharmacological signaling inhibitors. RESULTS： All studied bacteria induced the maturation of moDCs in a dose-dependent manner. More detailed analysis with S. thermophilus THS, B. breve Bb99, and L. lactis subsp, cremoris ARH74 indicated that these bacteria induced the expression of moDC maturation markers HLA class Ⅱ and CD86 as efficiently as pathogenic bacteria. However, these bacteria differed in their ability to induce moDC cytokine gene expression. S. thermophilus induced the expression of pro-inflammatory （TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and CCL20） and Thl type （IL-12 and IFN-γ） cytokines, while B. breve and L. lactis were also potent inducers of antiinflammatory IL-10. Mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） p38, phosphatidylinositol 3 （PI3） kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathways were shown to be involved in bacteria-induced cytokine production. CONCLUSION： Our results indicate that potentially probiotic bacteria are able to induce moDC maturation, but their ability to induce cytokine gene expression varies significantly from one bacterial strain to another,

关键词： Probiotic bacteria Immune response Cytokine Chemokine Dendritic cell Human Gene expression Signal transduction

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Ultra Short Pulsed Laser Deposition Technology for Industrial Applications

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2015年第5期5卷 196-205页

作者： Dr Jari Liimatainen Ville kekkonen Jarkko Piirto Juho Kaisto Dr Aleksey Zolotukhin Dr Saumyadip Chaudhuri Picodeon Oy Ltd Piisilta 1 91100 li Finland

PLD (Pulsed laser deposition technology) has been actively developed since 1980"s for variety of applications and materials systems. PLD technology has been considered as an attractive, flexible production method for complex oxides due to its intrinsic benefits for maintaining stoichiometry and producing good quality thin films e. g. for high temperature superconductors. Stoichiometric material transfer from target to substrate, excellent adhesion for various substrates and possibility to process wide range of materials is attractive technical advantages that can be utilized in variety of existing and emerging application areas. Industrial applications have been limited by e. g. undesirable particle formation in traditional PLD technology based on ns-second pulse lengths and challenges in scale-up for industrial production. This paper describes recent findings in the development and use of ultrashort, ultrafast pulse laser deposition technology for nanoporous functional films using ultra short pulse and ultrashort repetition rate laser and advanced scanning technology.

关键词：脉冲激光沉积技术工业应用超短脉冲 PLD技术材料系统重复频率激光生产方法化学计量

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Probiotic intervention has strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第13期14卷 2029-2036页

作者： Riina A kekkonen Netta Lummela Heli Karjalainen Sinikka Latvala Soile Tynkkynen Salme Jrvenp Hannu Kautiainen Ilkka Julkunen Heikki Vapaatalo Riitta Korpela University of Helsinki Institute of Biomedicine Pharmacology PO Box 63 00014 Helsinki Finland and Valio Ltd Research Centre Meijeritie 4 Helsinki 00370 Finland Valio LtdResearch Centre Meijeritie 4 Helsinki 00370 Finland National Public Health Institute Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology Mannerheimintie 166 Helsinki 00300 Finland Medcare Foundation nekoski Finland University of Helsinki Institute of Biomedicine Pharmacology PO Box 63 Helsinki 00014 Finland

AIM： To evaluate the effects of three potentially anti-inflammatory probiotic bacteria from three different genera on immune variables in setting based on previous in cytokine responses. healthy adults in a clinical vitro characterization of METHODS： A total of 62 volunteers participated in this randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled parallel group intervention study. The volunteers were randomized to receive a milk-based drink containing either Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG （LGG）, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 （Bb12）, or Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS （PJS） or a placebo drink for 3 wk. Venous blood and saliva samples were taken at baseline and on d 1, 7 and 21. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and at the end of intervention. RESULTS： The serum hsCRP expressed as the median AUC0-21 （minus baseline） was 0.018 mg/L in the placebo group, -0.240 mg/L in the LGG group, 0.090 mg/L in the Bb12 group and -0.085 mg/L in the PJS group （P = 0.014）. In vitro production of TNF-α from in vitro cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） was significantly lower in subjects receiving LGG vs placebo. IL-2 production from PBMC in the Bb12 group was significantly lower compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION： In conclusion, probiotic bacteria have strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults.

关键词： Probiotic Highly sensitive C-reactive protein Cytokine Inflammation Immune response Mononuclearcells

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