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Development of Mathematical Model of Slag flow field and Temperature field in ESr System

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2000年第2期7卷 27-31页

作者： YANG Yin-dong SOMMErVILLE I D johnston r f McLEAN A University of Toronto LaTrobe University

The heat transfer phenomena and driving forces of slag bath flow in ESr process were analyzed, and the mathematical models in ESr system were reviewed and evaluated. The electromagnetic force is the main driving force for the flow formation in the ESr slag pool, and the temperature difference in the pool creates a convective flow in the system. The shape of the electrode tip has an effect on electromagnetic field distribution in slag pool, thus affects the flow pattern. finally an improved mathematical model of slag pool flow was proposed.

关键词： ESr electromagnetic force buoyancy force flow field temperature field mathematical model

Cas13d-mediated gene knockdown in CAr T cells:towards off-the-shelf cancer treatment

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1796-1798页

作者： Midori johnston Nadine Urban Can Dincer fIT freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technology University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

In a recent study published in Cell,Tieu et *** rfxCas13d to dynamically enhance performance and longevity of chimeric antigen receptor(CAr)T cells by massively multiplexed gene knockdown and thereby,move the treatmen... 详细信息

关键词： treatment shelf

Nitrate reduction capacity of the oral microbiota is impaired in periodontitis:potential implications for systemic nitric oxide availability

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第1期16卷 52-61页

作者： Bob T.rosier William johnston Miguel Carda-Diéguez Annabel Simpson Elena Cabello-Yeves Krystyna Piela robert reilly Alejandro Artacho Chris Easton Mia Burleigh Shauna Culshaw Alex Mira Department of Genomics and Health FISABIO FoundationCenter for Advanced Research in Public HealthValenciaSpain Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowUK Oral Sciences University of Glasgow Dental SchoolSchool of MedicineDentistry and NursingCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Sport and Physical Activity research Institute University of the West of ScotlandBlantyreScotland Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(IBV-CSIC)ValenciaSpain CIBEr Center for Epidemiology and Public Health MadridSpain

The reduction of nitrate to nitrite by the oral microbiota has been proposed to be important for oral health and results in nitric oxide formation that can improve cardiometabolic conditions. Studies of bacterial composition in subgingival plaque suggest that nitrate-reducing bacteria are associated with periodontal health, but the impact of periodontitis on nitrate-reducing capacity(NrC)and, therefore, nitric oxide availability has not been evaluated. The current study aimed to evaluate how periodontitis affects the NrC of the oral microbiota. first, 16S rrNA sequencing data from five different countries were analyzed, revealing that nitratereducing bacteria were significantly lower in subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients compared with healthy individuals(P five datasets with n = 20–82 samples per dataset). Secondly, subgingival plaque, saliva, and plasma samples were obtained from 42 periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment. The oral NrC was determined in vitro by incubating saliva with 8 mmol/L nitrate(a concentration found in saliva after nitrate-rich vegetable intake) and compared with the NrC of 15healthy individuals. Salivary NrC was found to be diminished in periodontal patients before treatment(P recovered to healthy levels 90 days post-treatment. Additionally, the subgingival levels of nitrate-reducing bacteria increased after treatment and correlated negatively with periodontitis-associated bacteria(P ficant effect of periodontal treatment on the baseline saliva and plasma nitrate and nitrite levels was found, indicating that differences in the NrC may only be revealed after nitrate intake. Our results suggest that an impaired NrC in periodontitis could limit dietary nitrate-derived nitric oxide levels, and the effect on systemic health should be explored in future studies.

关键词： impaired intake nitrate

The relationship between DNA fragmentation and the intensity of morphologically abnormal human spermatozoa

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Asian pacific Journal of reproduction 2024年第1期13卷 22-27页

作者： Mercedes González-Martínez Pascual Sánchez-Martín Carmen López-fernández Stephen D.johnston Jaime Gosálvez Clínica Ginemed Unidad de ReproducciónSevillaSpain Department of Biology Universidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblancoMadridSpain School of Environment The University of QueenslandGattonAustralia School of Veterinary Science The University of QueenslandGattonAustralia

Objective:To determine the relationship between teratozoospermia and sperm DNA fragmentation(SDf)in the human ***:This retrospective study included 100 normozoospermic men as a control cohort(abnormal forms>14%),210 patients with a high level of abnormal forms(≤4%)and 65 patients presenting with a moderate level of abnormal forms(>4%to≤14%)based on the World Health Organization *** morphology was assessed using bright field *** DNA fragmentation was assessed using the sperm chromatin dispersion ***-parametric analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between abnormal sperm morphology and sperm DNA fragmentation;receiver operating characteristic(rOC)analyses were conducted to assess sensitivity and specificity of this ***:A correlation analysis revealed that the higher the proportion of abnormal spermatozoa in the ejaculate,the higher the level of SDf(Spearman's rho=-0.230;Pficant differences in the proportion of SDf were found when all cohorts were compared(Pficant differences were also retained when the different cohorts were compared *** analysis showed a moderate but significant predictive value for SDf to differentiate patients with different levels of ***:Although analysis of a more continuous range of values for teratozoospermia would help further clarify any causal relationship with SDf,there is clearly a synergistic or coincident affiliation between these variables that needs to be acknowledged by the clinician when interpreting the spermiogram.

关键词： Teratozoospermia Sperm morphology Sperm DNA fragmentation Male factor Human reproduction Human fertility

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赋予物理学持久魅力的超流

物理 2024年第5期53卷 352-353页

作者：赵小明刘伍明北京科技大学物理系北京100083 中国科学院物理研究所北京100190

量子效应无处不在,但物质的量子特性往往只在微观层面显现。超流氦却与众不同,它的一些奇异特性可以被直观观察到。在《超流体》一书中,任职于欧洲散裂中子源和隆德大学的工程师约翰·魏森德(John Weisend)阐释了这些特性,它们使得这种... 详细信息

量子效应无处不在,但物质的量子特性往往只在微观层面显现。超流氦却与众不同,它的一些奇异特性可以被直观观察到。在《超流体》一书中,任职于欧洲散裂中子源和隆德大学的工程师约翰·魏森德(John Weisend)阐释了这些特性,它们使得这种非凡物质成为众多尖端科技不可或缺的一部分。超流氦不仅仅是科学上的奇趣现象,目前研究人员和工程师正以吨为单位使用它。

关键词：超流氦奇异特性量子特性超流体量子效应散裂中子源尖端科技物理学

Effects of reduced Nocturnal Temperature on Performance and Behavior of Nursery Pigs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第9期11卷 1509-1516页

作者： Lee J johnston West Central research and Outreach Center University of MinnesotaMorris MN 56267 USA

Previous studies suggested that pigs prefer lower environmental temperatures during nighttime compared to daytime. So reducing nocturnal temperature in nursery barns may not jeopardize performance or welfare of pigs, but can save energy for heating the barn. A study was conducted to investigate growth performance and behavioral response of nursery pigs to reduced nocturnal temperature. This study was conducted in four replicates, each utilizing 270 newly weaned pigs and lasting for 5 wk. Temperature setpoint in the control room （CON） was started at 30℃ and decreased by 2℃ per week. In the treatment room （rNT）, temperature setpoint was maintained same as in CON between 7：00 h and 19：00 h, and reduced by 8~C between 19：00 h and 7：00 h starting from d 5. Growth performance （15 pens/room, 9 pigs/pen, BW=（6.3±0.61） kg） was monitored for 5 wk, and behaviors in 6 pens in each room were video-recorded for 24 h 3 d after being exposed to the experimental temperature. Instantaneous scan sampling was performed to determine time budgets for standing, sitting, eating, drinking, belly nosing, three postures of lying, and huddling. Two focal pigs were continuously viewed to record duration and occurrence of eating and drinking. reduced nocturnal temperature did not affect the growth performance of the pigs, time spent standing, sitting, total lying and eating or duration and frequencies of eating and drinking （all P〉0.10）. However, rNT increased time spent lying sternal （83 vs. 72%, P〈0.001） and number of pigs that were huddling （70 vs. 50% of lying pigs, P〈0.001）, and decreased time spent lying laterally （0.8 vs. 4.6%, P〈0.001）, lying half laterally （5.3 vs. 11.0%, P〈0.001）, and belly nosing （0.9 vs. 1.7%, P=0.01） during nighttime. These results indicate that nursery pigs adopted the posture of lying sternal and huddled together to reduce heat loss from their body surface to maintain thermal balance and growth performance in rNT. Such mild reduction in nocturnal temperature in th

关键词： reduced nocturnal temperature behavior growth performance pigs

Building towards a standardised approach to biocorrosion studies: a review of factors influencing Mg corrosion in vitro pertinent to in vivo corrosion

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Science China Materials 2018年第4期61卷 475-500页

作者： Sean johnston Matthew Dargusch Andrej Atrens The University of Queensland Materials Engineering Division School of Mechanical ＆ Mining Engineering Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia The University of Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing （AMPAM） Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia

The factors that influence magnesium（Mg）corrosion in vitro are systematically evaluated from a review of the relevant literature. We analysed the influence of the following factors on Mg biocorrosion in vitro：（i） inorganic ions,including both anions and cations,（ii） organic components such as proteins, amino acids and vitamins, and（iii） experimental parameters such as temperature, p H, buffer system and flow rate. Considerations and recommendations towards a standardised approach to in vitro biocorrosion testing are given. Several potential simulated body fluids are recommended. Implementing a standardised approach to experimental parameters has the potential to significantly reduce variability between in vitro biocorrosion tests, and to help build towards a methodology that accurately and consistently mimics in vivo corrosion. However, there are also knowledge gaps with regard to how best to characterise the in vivo environment and corrosion mechanism. The assumption that blood plasma is the correct bodily fluid upon which to base in vitro methodologies is examined, and factors that influence the corrosion mechanism in vivo, such as specimen encapsulation, bear consideration for further studies.

关键词： corrosion biocorrosion magnesium biodegradable metals in vitro in vivo

Tension and resolution: Dynamic, Evolving Populations of Organelle Genomes within Plant Cells

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Molecular Plant 2019年第6期12卷 764-783页

作者： lain G.johnston School of Biosciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Birmingham Institute for forest research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

Mitochondria and plastids form dynamic, evolving populations physically embedded in the fluctuating environment of the plant cell. Their evolutionary heritage has shaped how the cell controls the genetic structure and the physical behavior of its organelle populations. While the specific genes involved in these processes are gradually being revealed, the governing principles underlying this controlled behavior remain poorly understood. As the genetic and physical dynamics of these organelles are central to bioenergetic performance and plant physiology, this challenges both fundamental biology and strategies to engineer better-performing plants. This article reviews current knowledge of the physical and genetic behavior of mitochondria and chloroplasts in plant cells. An overarching hypothesis is proposed whereby organelles face a tension between genetic robustness and individual control and responsiveness, and different species resolve this tension in different ways. As plants are immobile and thus subject to fluctuating environments, their organelles are proposed to favor individual responsiveness, sacrificing genetic robustness. Several notable features of plant organelles, including large genomes, mtDNA recombination, fragmented organelles, and plastid/mitochondrial differences may potentially be explained by this hypothesis. finally, the ways that quantitative and systems biology can help shed light on the plethora of open questions in this field are highlighted.

关键词： mitochondria plastids chloroplasts plants evolution organelle DNA

rapid recovery of rare earth elements in industrial wastewater by Cufe_2O_4 synthesized from Cu sludge

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Journal of rare Earths 2018年第5期36卷 513-520页

作者： Yao-Jen Tu Cliff T.johnston Institute of Urban Study Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences Purdue University 915 W. State Street West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

This study systematically evaluates the recovery of rare earth elements（rEEs） from aqueous solution and industrial wastewater using magnetic nanoparticles Cufe2O4. The industrially manufactured Cufe2O4 displays a nonlinear isotherm for rEEs adsorption, suggesting limiting binding sites on the Cufe2O4 surface. The recovery of rEEs increases significantly from 0.1% to 99.99% with increasing pH（2.29-8.15）. At room temperature, the maxima recovery rates of Nd, La, and Ce are observed to be in a high capacity of 51.02, 42.02, and 40.16 mg/g, respectively. No significant attenuation of rEE adsorption is observed with increasing NaCl concentration from 0.001 to 1.0 mol/L, showing high selectivity of rEEs even in such high NaCl concentration matrix. In addition, desorption efficiency increases with the increasing concentration of HNO3 in the range of 0.005-0.05 mol/L. When HNO3 concentration is over 0.05 mol/L, the desorption efficiency can reach almost 100% in each batch experiment. Importantly, our results show that rEEs can be sorbed and recycled from liquid crystal display（LCD） polishing wastewater, suggesting that Cufe2O4 may be a good candidate in the efficient and rapid recovery of rEEs from industrial wastewater.

关键词： rare earth elements Industrial wastewater Industrial sludge Magnetic separation Cufe2O4