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Relationship between the rise and fall of Loulan ancient city and centennial-scale climate events and cycles

Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第4期17卷 1070-1080页

作者： Deke XU Chang LI Yingyu JIN Zhenhua DENG Bing XU Kangkang LI Jianping ZHANG Xiaohong SUN Jing FENG yingxin jiao Hao LI Xiaoguang QIN Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Institute of Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Jianhua Experimental Yizhuang School Beijing 100176China School of Archaeology and Museology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Geological Research Institute of China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau Beijing 100013China Loulan Museum of Ruoqiang County Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous PrefectureXinjiang 841800China

The discovery of Loulan ancient city(LA)in the early 20th century has important significance for understanding the history of Western regions and the Silk Road *** current academic community still has disputes on whether LA was the capital of Loulan Kingdom,the time of its rise,peak and decline,and the process,rate and driving mechanism of human activity *** study uses the radio carbon dates(^(14)C)database of LA to reconstruct the history of the rise and fall of human activity,and finds that LA experienced more than~500 years from its rise to its peak and then to its decline:1)the city rose rapidly,and the population increased rapidly from~A.D.0 to 230;2)the city was prosperous and flourishing,and the intensity of human activity reached its peak from~A.D.160 to 340,especially in~A.D.230,when the population reached its peak;3)the city accelerated its decline,and the intensity of human activity decreased significantly,and the population shrank rapidly from~A.D.230 to 500;4)LA was completely abandoned after~*** results of the ^(14)C dating database do not support that LA was the early capital of the Loulan *** comparing the human activity record of LA with the existing high-resolution palaeoclimate records in the surrounding mountainous areas of the Tarim Basin and South Asia,it is found that the superposition of centennial-scale westerly circulation strength events and the~500-year cycle of the Indian monsoon jointly controlled the precipitation and meltwater(snow)supply of the mountains in the Tarim Basin,affecting the changes of surface runoff and oasis area in the basin,which is one of the important factors causing the rise and fall of LA.

关键词： ^(14)C probability density time series analysis ~500-year cycle Indian monsoon westerly circulation

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A preliminary study of chronology for a newly-discovered ancient city and five archaeological sites in Lop Nor, China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第1期55卷 63-71页

作者： LU HouYuan XIA XunCheng LIU JiaQi QIN XiaoGuang WANG FuBao YIDILISI Abuduresule ZHOU Li Ping MU GuiJin jiao yingxin LI JingZhi Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences of Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Xinjiang Archaeological Research Institute Urumqi 830000 China Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Department of Geography Peking University Beijing 100871 China Museum of Luolan Relic Ruoqiang 841800 China The Center of Popularization and Propaganda for Science Exploration Beijing 100029 China

In the past century, it has long been debated in the archeological, historical, geographical, and many other related communities where the capital of the Luolan and Shanshan states was in the Lop Nor region. This paper presents three AMS radiocarbon ages from a newly-discovered ancient city at about 6.3 km to the northwest of the Xiaohe Graveyard, and fifteen new radiocarbon ages from the Loulan (LA), LE, Qieerqiduke, Milan, and Tuyin sites in Lop Nor. The new investigation shows that the age of newly-discovered ancient city is at ca. 440–500 AD, belonging to the Northern Wei Dynasty (386–534 AD). This is about 100–300 years younger than Loulan (ca. 100–230 AD), LE (ca. 230–300 AD), Qieerqiduke (ca. 200 AD), and Tuyin (ca. 100 AD). A wooden beam from Milan fortress is dated to ca. 370 AD, while the age on north wall at west gate of the fortress is younger, around 770 AD, suggesting that its construction time might be at the Tang Dynasty. According to 14C ages, cultural relic style, and the geographical location, the newly-discovered ancient city is probably attributed to "Zhubin City", as documented in the historical literature. Temporally, we name the city "ancient Zhubin River City". However, the characteristics and functions of this ancient city are largely unknown and need more detailed archaeological excavation and investigation in the future. Given its location near the ancient postal relay of Alagan on the crossroad, there is no doubt that the newly-discovered city was at an important geographical position on the Silk Road, no matter whether it was called "Zhubin City", or "Lielo City", or the capital of Loulan state–"Yuni City". Our findings provide new evidence for the temporal and spatial distribution of ancient relic sites and the development of civilization in western China, thus contributing to our understanding of the relationship between human activities and environmental change in the Lop Nor region.

关键词：考古遗址古代城市罗布泊年代中国

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罗布泊（楼兰）地区1260-1450A．D．期间的绿洲环境和人类活动

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第四纪研究 2018年第3期38卷 720-731页

作者：李康康秦小光张磊顾兆炎许冰穆桂金林永崇魏东王春雪吴勇田小红吕厚远吴乃琴贾红娟焦迎新中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所、中国科学院新生代地质与环境重点实验室北京100029 中国科学院大学北京100049 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830011 吉林大学吉林长春130012 新疆文物考古研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830011 河北地质大学河北石家庄050031 若羌县文物局新疆若羌841800

历史时期塔里木盆地周缘绿洲演化和人类活动与气候控制的水文条件变化密切相关.罗布泊西岸地区是古塔里木河尾闾三角洲区,曾是东西方交往的重要通道和著名的楼兰古国所在地,而如今却变为不毛之地.自然与人文环境的剧烈变化,使罗布泊地... 详细信息

历史时期塔里木盆地周缘绿洲演化和人类活动与气候控制的水文条件变化密切相关.罗布泊西岸地区是古塔里木河尾闾三角洲区,曾是东西方交往的重要通道和著名的楼兰古国所在地,而如今却变为不毛之地.自然与人文环境的剧烈变化,使罗布泊地区成为研究干旱区人类活动-气候-水文三者之间相互关系最具代表性的区域.文章对楼兰地区大量自然植物遗存和古代人类活动遗址进行系统的AMS 14C年代学分析,结合塔里木盆地人类活动历史记录和已有的高分辨率气候记录,对其所指示的古绿洲环境格局和人类活动进行初步研究.结果表明,1260～1450 cal.A.D.是罗布泊地区自古楼兰之后的又一次绿洲湿润期,在罗布泊西岸三角洲区生长大量的植被,对应中世纪暖期向小冰期转变的过渡阶段.14C年龄的统计结果显示湿润期内存在多次洪水事件,表现为多次洪水期与枯水期脉冲式交替出现.同时多处古代遗址的14C年代结果显示元明时期楼兰地区再次出现人类居住,并修建引水渠、灌溉耕地.气候变化导致区域性水文条件变好应该是驱动元明时期人类再次定居楼兰地区的主要因素.

关键词：罗布泊楼兰 AMS ^14C 元明绿洲期人类活动

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The Role of Non-Coding RNA in Vascular Remodeling Induced by Mechanical Stress

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医用生物力学 2019年第A1期34卷 21-22页

作者： yingxin Qi Institute of Mechanobiology& Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences &BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University

Vascular remodeling is the essential pathogenic process of various cardiovascular disorders,including hypertension,atherosclerosis,stroke,and restenosis after vein *** main characterization of vascular remodeling is abnormal variations of vascular cell phenotype,morphological structure and functions such as migration,hypertrophy,proliferation and *** researches revealed that mechanical stress,including shear stress and cyclic stretch,participates in physiological vascular homeostasis,or pathophysiological vascular *** understanding of mechanobiological mechanism in vascular remodeling will play a unique role in understanding human physiology and disease,and will generate important theoretical and clinical significance [2].Non-coding RNAs are newly recognized RNAs which cannot be translated into proteins but are involved in epigenetic modification of gene *** studies revealed that non-coding RNAs,such as microRNAs(miRNAs)and long noncoding RNAs(long ncRNAs,IncRNA),as well as small interfering RNAs(siRNAs),piwi-interacting RNAs(piRNAs),small nucleolar RNAs(snoRNAs),play essential roles in the regulation of various processes,such as metabolism,development,cell proliferation,cell apoptosis,cell differentiation,oncogenesis and vascular homeostasis[5].However,the roles of non-coding RNAs in the cardiovascular system under mechanical stresses are still not *** recent researches detected the mechanical regulation of IncRNAs and miRNAs in vascular *** are non-protein-coding transcripts that are longer than 200 nucleotides(nt),which is an arbitrary cut-off value that distinguishes these transcripts from other small *** the well-established mechanism of microRNA action,the functional mode of IncRNAs is not fully *** evidence shows that IncRNAs modulate gene expression via a multilevel-regulated *** their large number and complicated functional modes,lncRNAs are emerging as i

关键词： Non-Coding RNA Vascular Remodeling Induced Mechanical Stress RNA

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Enhanced chemical trapping and catalytic conversion of polysulfides by diatomite/MXene hybrid interlayer for stable Li-S batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第11期30卷 590-598,I0014页

作者： Zehui Fan Chen Zhang Wuxing Hua Huan Li Yan jiao Jingyi Xia Chuan-Nan Geng Rongwei Meng yingxin Liu Quanjun Tang Ziyang Lu Tongxin Shang Guowei Ling Quan-Hong Yang School of Marine Science and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Nanoyang Group State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin UniversityBinhai New CityFuzhou 350207FujianChina

Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries with high theoretical energy density are promising energy storage systems in the next decades, while the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttling caused by the sluggish sulfur redox reaction severely lowers the practical performance. The use of interlayer between the cathode and separator has been widely investigated to physically or chemically block the LiPSs, while the introduction of catalytic materials is a more effective strategy to accelerate the conversion of LiPSs. MXene with rich surface chemistry has shown its potential for facilitating the catalytic conversion, however, the aggregation of MXene sheets usually leads to the loss of the catalytic active sites. Herein, we report a diatomite/MXene (DE/MX) hybrid material as the bifunctional interlayer for improving the adsorption/conversion of LiPSs in Li-S batteries. The diatomite with porous structure and rich silica-hydroxyl functional groups could trap LiPSs effectively, while prevent the aggregation of MXene. The DE/MX based interlayer showed bifunctions of enhancing the chemical adsorption and promoting the conversion of LiPSs. The Li-S batteries with the DE/MX interlayer delivered an improved cycling stability with a low capacity decay of 0.059% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1.0 C. Moreover, stable 200 cycles can be realized with a high sulfur loading electrode up to 6.0 mg cm^(−2). This work provides an effective strategy to construct bifunctional interlayers for hindering the shuttling of LiPSs and boosting the practical application of Li-S batteries.

关键词： Li-S battery MXene Diatomite Polysulfides

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Prediction for the Flowering Period of Two Varieties of Ornamental Peaches

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Journal of Landscape Research 2018年第6期10卷 123-124页

作者： MENG Yonghong jiao Lili ZHU yingxin Zoo Management Office of Shijiazhuang ShijiazhuangHebei 050020China

In order to accurately predict the flowering period of peach blossoms and provide visitors with the best viewing period of peach blossoms, the regression model was used to establish the forecasting model of the blooming of ornamental peaches according to the relevant laws of phenology. The forecasting model could accurately predict the flowering period and the best viewing period of peach blossoms.

关键词： Peach blossom Flowering model Phenology

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Landscape Research of Color-leafed Plant Ligustrum japonicum“Howardii”:A Case Study of Shijiazhuang

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Journal of Landscape Research 2023年第1期15卷 41-43,47页

作者： WANG Yin ZHU yingxin LI Yanpei jiao Lili Shijiazhuang Zoo ShijiazhuangHebei 050000China

By analyzing the introduction and ecological adaptability of Ligustrum japonicum“Howardi”in Shijiazhuang area,it is concluded that ***“Howardi”has the advantages of strong resistance,few diseases and pests,and can overwinter in the open field in *** of bright leaf color,it can be used as a hedge or collocated with other plants in the landscape,and has a good and extensive landscape application prospect.

关键词： Ligustrum japonicum“Howardi” Introduction Application

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Main Varieties of Ornamental Peaches and Their Application in Shijiazhuang City

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Journal of Landscape Research 2018年第5期10卷 88-90,94页

作者： jiao Lili ZHU yingxin MENG Yonghong LU Bin Zoo Management Office of Shijiazhuang ShijiazhuangHebei 050020China College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebei 071000China

In order to comprehensively understand the varieties of ornamental peaches in Shijiazhuang City and their application status,a systematic survey was conducted on the ornamental peach varieties in *** results showed that there were 27 ornamental peach varieties in Shijiazhuang,including 1 species of mountain peach and 26 species of ornamental *** to the systematic observation and analysis of their branch types,flower types,flower colors,and application frequency,the ornamental peaches in Shijiazhuang City belonged to the ecological northern peaches,which were characterized by early flowering phase,long flowering period,and rich flower *** problems existing in the application of ornamental peaches were explored,and corresponding solutions and suggestions were proposed.

关键词： Ornamental peach Variety Shijiazhuang Resource distribution Landscape construction

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of repair welds of low-pressure sand-cast Mg?Y?RE?Zr alloy by tungsten inert gas welding

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第1期10卷 195-209页

作者： Xin Tong Guohua Wu Liang Zhang yingxin Wang Wencai Liu Wenjiang Ding National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The sand castings of Mg-Y-RE-Zr series alloys are widely utilized in the large scales and complex shapes in the aerospace industry,as a result of which there are always some cast defects in the products. In this study, the feasibility of repair welding of sand-cast Mg-4 Y-3 RE-0.5 Zr alloy by tungsten inert gas(TIG) welding was scrutinized with different welding currents from 150 to 210 A. The results indicated that defect-free repaired joints with good appearance could be acquired at 170 and 190 A. Interestingly, the grain size of the fusion zone(FZ) was refined initially and then increased with the linear increment of welding current. Because at the higher heat inputs, although the cooling rate of the molten pool was reduced, substantial constitutional supercooling for the grain refinement was attained after the Zr particles were transformed into Zr solutes. The tensile strength of the repaired joint at 170 A was 195 MPa with the maximum joint efficiency of 87.8%, and the elongation reached to 124.4% of the sand-cast base material(BM). However, serious grain coarsening and continuous eutectic structures generated in heat-affected zone(HAZ) above 190 A resulted in the weakening of the joint due to the brittle intergranular fracture.

关键词： Sand-cast Mg-Y-RE-Zr alloy Repair welding Microstructure Tensile properties Fracture behavior

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Effective inhibition of anomalous grain coarsening in cast AZ91 alloys during fast cooling via nanoparticle addition

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第12期11卷 4575-4588页

作者： Haonan Li Kui Wang Gaopeng Xu Haiyan Jiang Qudong Wang yingxin Wang National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net FormingShanghai Jiao Tong University200240ShanghaiP.R.China State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University200240ShanghaiP.R.China

In this work, the effects of Ti CN and γ-Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticle(NP) addition on the microstructural evolution of cast AZ91 alloys at the cooling rate ranging from 15 to 120 K/s have been systematically investigated. Experimental results reveal that grain coarsening occurs in cast AZ91 alloys when the cooling rate exceeds 90 K/s, while it can be effectively inhibited upon addition of NPs. The marked inhibition effect may originate from the formation of Ti CN or γ-Al_(2)O_(3) NP-induced undercooling zone ahead of solid/liquid(S/L) front of α-Mg, which not only can restrict grain growth effectively, but also can reactivate the native nucleants that are inactive in AZ91 melts to participate in nucleation events. And if possessing high nucleation potency, NPs can also promote further nucleation events and lead to significant grain refinement. An analytical model has been established to quantitatively account for the restriction effect of NPs on grain growth. The present work may shed a new light on the grain coarsening of cast alloys during fast cooling and provide an effective approach to circumvent it.

关键词： Grain coarsening Nanoparticles Undercooling zone Fast cooling

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