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High-normal serum uric acid is associated with albuminuria and impaired glomerular filtration rate in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第22期124卷 3629-3634页

作者： CAI Xiao-ling HAN Xue-yao ji li-nong Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University People＇s Hospital Beijing 100044 China

Background Recently, some studies had shown that elevated serum uric acid （SUA） itself may increase the risk for development of renal disease in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to explore whether SUA was a predictor of microalbuminuria and impaired renal function in type 2 diabetes in Chinese patients. Methods This cross-sectional study included 2108 type 2 diabetic patients. Kidney function was estimated using the simplified modification of diet in renal disease （MDRD） equation to obtain estimated glomerular filtration rate. The urine samples were obtained for measuring the albumin-to-creatinine ratio （ACR）. Results According to the ACR level, these patients were divided into two groups, normal ACR （NA） and non-normal ACR （non-NA）. Both SUA and creatinine were significantly higher in the non-NA group than those in the NA group （（318.89±107.52） vs. （283.44±88.64） pmol/L, and （95.08±53.24） vs. （79.63±18.20） μmol/L, respectively）. Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetic duration, systolic blood pressure, creatinine and SUA were the independent predictors of albuminuria. Furthermore, to identify the factors associated with renal function, these patients were divided into two groups according to the MDRD level （MDRD〈90 or MDRD〉90）. Both SUA and creatinine were significantly higher in the lower MDRD group than those in the higher MDRD group （（301.90±96.46） vs. （264.07±84.74） μmol/L, and （89.10±31.00） vs. （66.37±11.15） μmol/L, respectively）. Logistic regression analysis showed that only age and SUA were the independent predictors of MDRD. Conclusion High-normal SUA was associated with albuminuria and impaired glomerular filtration rate in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.

关键词： serum uric acid estimated glomerular filtration rate albumin-to-creatinine type 2 diabetes

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2型糖尿病遗传病因学研究的现状和展望

中国医学科学院学报 2006年第2期28卷 278-283页

作者：纪立农北京大学糖尿病中心北京100044

2型糖尿病是糖尿病的最主要类型。在全世界范围内,由于人类生活方式的改变和寿命的延长,2型糖尿病患病率呈迅速增长的趋势。虽然有充足的证据显示2型糖尿病是一种遗传性疾病,但除罕见的2型糖尿病亚型外,绝大多数2型糖尿病的遗传模式不... 详细信息

2型糖尿病是糖尿病的最主要类型。在全世界范围内,由于人类生活方式的改变和寿命的延长,2型糖尿病患病率呈迅速增长的趋势。虽然有充足的证据显示2型糖尿病是一种遗传性疾病,但除罕见的2型糖尿病亚型外,绝大多数2型糖尿病的遗传模式不符合经典的孟德尔遗传模式。因此,2型糖尿病被认为是遗传和环境之间相互作用所导致的复杂遗传病。由于2型糖尿病遗传的复杂性,在过去的20年间,对其遗传因素的认识并没有得到令人满意的进展。本文主要对2型糖尿病的遗传学研究的现状进行回顾并对其今后的研究策略进行展望。

关键词： 2型糖尿病遗传易感性复杂疾病

Risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients

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Chinese Medical Journal 2006年第10期119卷 822-826页

作者： CAI Xiao-ling WANG Fang ji li-nong Department of Endocrine and Metabolism Peking UniversityPeople＇s Hospital Beijing 100044 China

Background Advances in treatment have greatly reduced the risk of blindness from this disease, but because diabetes is so common, diabetic retinopathy remains an important problem. The purpose of this study is to inve... 详细信息

关键词： diabetic retinopathy type 2 diabetes risk factors

Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus with glycated hemoglobin in China, a long way to go

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第22期124卷 3605-3606页

作者： ji li-nong CAI Xiao-ling Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University People＇s Hospital Beijing 100044 China

In 2008, an Expert Committee was convened to redefine .the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus （in non-pregnant individuals） using glycated hemoglobin （HbAlc）. The Committee Members were appointed from the American Diabetes Association （ADA）, the European Association for the Study of Diabetes （EASD） and the International Diabetes Federation （1DF）.

关键词：糖尿病委员会成员腺苷脱氨酶血红蛋白类中国

Clinical evidence and treatment requirements related to heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第10期133卷 1135-1137页

作者： Xiao-ling Cai Xiang-Qing Wang li-nong ji Department of Endocrinology&Metabolism Peking University People's HospitalBeijing 100044China.

Heart failure(HF),which is a common and serious complication of diabetes,has received more attention in recent *** reason for this focus on HF is that,with a large reduction in atherothrombotic events after acute myocardial infarction,HF is a relatively more frequently encountered cardiac outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM).Another reason is the unexpected reduction in hospitalization for HF observed in cardiovascular outcome trials with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT2is).[1-3]These findings led to speculation by clinicians and researchers on whether more effort should be made to differentiate patients with diabetes at a high risk of developing HF.

关键词： diabetes acute cardiovascular

Association between serum uric acid and different states of glucose metabolism and glomerular filtration rate

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第21期123卷 3118-3122页

作者： CAI Xiao-ling HAN Xue-yao ji li-nong Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism Peking University People's Hospital Beijing 100044 China

Background Recently, it has been suggested that the serum uric acid （SUA） level decreased in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to explore the association between SUA level and different state of glucose metabolism and glomerular filtration rate （GFR） reflected by the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease （MDRD） equation and to test the hypothesis that high MDRD is one of the determinants of SUA *** This cross-sectional study included 2373 subjects in Beijing who underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） for screening of diabetes. According to the states of glucose metabolism, they were divided into normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose regulation and *** Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that adjusted by gender, SUA was positively correlated with body mass index （BMI）, waist/hippo ratio, systolic blood pressure （SBP） and triglyceride, meanwhile negatively correlated with age, hemoglobin A1c, fasting insulin and MDRD. There was an increasing trend in SUA concentration and a decreasing trend in MDRD when the levels of fasting plasma glucose （FPG） increased from low to high up to the FPG level of 8.0 mmol/L; thereafter, the SUA concentration started to decrease with further increases in FPG levels, and the MDRD started to increase with further increases in FPG *** This study confirmed the previous finding that SUA decreased in diabetes and provided the supporting evidence that the increased MDRD might contribute to the fall of SUA.

关键词： serum uric acid Modification of Diet in Renal Disease impaired glucose regulation diabetes mellitus

Efficacy and safety of insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes using a new index called glucose safety control index

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第21期126卷 4166-4174页

作者： Cai Xiao-ling Luo Ying-ying Han Xue-yao ji li-nong Peking Univ Ctr Diabet Peking Univ Peoples Hosp Dept Endocrinol & Metab Beijing 100044 Peoples R China

Objective To recommend an index named glucose safety control index （GSCI） to evaluate the efficacy and safety for insulin regimens. Data sources We searched databases for primary studies published in English. The main search concepts were type 2 diabetes, insulin treatment, premixed insulin, premixed insulin analogs, basal inuslin, basal inuslin analogs, bolus insulin, bolus insulin analogs, safety and efficacy.

关键词： hemoglobin AIc hypoglycemia type 2 diabetes

HLA-DQ, DR allele polymorphism of type 1 diabetes in the Chinese population： a meta-analysis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第8期122卷 980-986页

作者： ZHANG Xiao-mei WANG Hong-yuan LUO Ying-ying ji li-nong Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University People's Hospital Beijing 100044 China Department of Medicine Peking University Beijing 100191 China

Background Type 1 diabetes （TID） is a multifactorial disease. This article aims to evaluate the relationship between allele polymorphism of HLA-DQ, DR and TID in the Chinese population. Methods The odds ratios （ORs） of HLA-DQ, DR allele distributions in patients with T1D were analyzed against healthy controls. All the relevant studies in Pubmed and CNKI were identified, and poor qualified studies were excluded. The meta-analysis software REVMAN 4.2 was applied for investigating heterogeneity among individual studies and for summarizing all the studies. The publication bias were also evaluated. Results DQA1＊0301, DQA1＊0501, DQB1＊0201, DQB1＊0302 were the susceptible alleles （all P 〈0.05） in the Chinese population, their merger ORs 2.40, 3.15, 3.66, and 2.67 respectively. DQA1＊0103, DQA1＊0201, DQA1＊0401, DQB1＊0301, DQB1＊0402, DQB1 ＊0501, DQB1＊0503, DQB1＊0601 and DQB1＊0602 were the protective alleles （P 〈0.05）, their merger ORs were 0.11, 0.45, 0.30, 0.38, 0.23, 0.37, 0.25, 0.48, and 0.30 respectively. In serum level, DR3, DR4, DR9 alleles were the susceptible alleles （all P 〈0.05） and their merger ORs were 5.58, 1.53, 1.66, 29.78, and 6.65 respectively. HLA-DR2, DR5, and DR7 alleles were the protective alleles （all P 〈0.05） and their merger ORs were 0.39, 0.51, and 0.50. In genetic type level, DRB1＊04, DRB1＊0301, DRB1＊0901 were the susceptible alleles （all P 〈0.05） and their merger ORs were 2.19, 6.43, 1.31, 3.83, and 8.08. DRBI＊07, DRBI＊08, DRB1＊12, DRB1＊13, DRB1＊14, DRB1＊16, DRBI＊0406 alleles were the protective alleles （all P 〈0.05） and their merger ORswere 0.44, 0.27, 0.45, 0.13, 0.19, 0.40, and 0.27 respectively. Conclusions In the Chinese population, some HLA-DQ, DR alleles are relevant to T1D which are not totally the same as non-Chinese populations.

关键词： type 1 diabetes HLA-DQ antigens HLA-DR antigens meta-analysis allele polymorphism

Determinants for inadequate glycaemic control in Chinese patients with mild-to-moderate type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic drugs alone

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第16期000卷 2461-2468页

作者： ZHANG Shao-ling CHEN Zong-cun YAN li CHEN li-hong CHENG Hua ji li-nong Department of Endocrinology Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital theSecond Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University GuangzhouGuangdong 510120 China Department of Endocrinology Peking University People'sHospital Beijing 100044 China

Background Prevalence of inadequate glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） remains high. We assessed glycaemic control in the real-life practice among people with T2DM in metropolises in China who were treated with oral antidiabetic drugs （OAD） alone and to determine factors associated with inadequate glycaemic control in this population. Methods An observational, cross-sectional multicentre study was conducted in 16 metropolitan medical centers. People with T2DM who had been followed-up before the index visit which occurred from January to September 2007 were included in the study. All subjects were 〉30 years of age at the time of T2DM diagnosis and had received monotherapy or combination therapy of OAD for at least 6 months. Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records. The main study outcome was the inadequate glucose control rate, which was calculated by the proportion of patients with haemoglobin Alc （HbAlc）〉6.5% detected on the index visit. Results In this cohort of 455 patients with T2DM whose mean age was 60.6 years and mean disease duration was 6.1 years, 45.5% had inadequate glycaemic control. The mean （SD） HbA1c was 6.7% （1.3）. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that physical inactivity, disease duration 〉10 years, body mass index （BMI） ≥24 kg/m2, low homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function （HOMA-13） index, less frequency of medical visit and hypertriglyceridaemia were independent determinants of inadequate glycaemic control. Higher incidence of self-reported hypoglycemia experience （47.1% vs. 34.8%, P=0.008） and more fear of hypoglycemia quantified by Worry subscale of the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey （HFS） II were happened in subjects with good glycemic control. Conclusion Approximately one half of these outpatients with T2DM from the metropolitan medical centers in China had inadequate glycaemic control treated with OAD alone, which raises the need for more effective educational and therape

关键词： type 2 diabetes mellitus glycaemic control haemoglobin Alc oral antidiabetic drug obsevational study