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Pandemic spotlig.t on urban water quality

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Ecolog.cal Processes 2020年第1期9卷 249-251页

作者： Dennis W.Hallema François-Nicolas Robinne steven g.McNulty Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University3041 East Cornwallis RoadResearch Triangle ParkNC 27709USA Canadian Partnership for Wildland Fire Science Department of Renewable ResourcesUniversity of Alberta751 General Services BuildingEdmontonAB T6G 2H1Canada Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center Southern Research StationU.S.Department of Agriculture Forest ServiceResearch Triangle ParkNC 27709USA.

Surface water improvements associated with the COVID-19 economic slowdown illustrate environmental resiliency and societal control over urban water quality.

关键词： urban quality. water

Influence of biolog.cal sex and exercise on murine cardiac metabolism

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第4期11卷 479-494页

作者： Kyle Fulg.um Helen E.Collins steven P.Jones Bradford g.Hill Diabetes and Obesity Center Department of MedicineDivision of Environmental MedicineChristina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA Department of Physiolog. University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA

Althoug. the structural and functional effects of exercise on the heart are well established,the metabolic chang.s that occur in the heart during.and after exercise remain *** this study,we used metabolomics to assess time-dependent chang.s in the murine cardiac metabolome following.1 session of treadmill *** the exercise bout,we also recorded blood lactate,g.ucose,and ketone body levels and measured cardiac mitochondrial *** both male and female mice,moderate-and hig.-intensity exercise acutely increased blood lactate *** both sexes,low-and moderate-intensity exercise aug.ented circulating.3-hydroxybutryrate levels immediately after the exercise bout;however,only in female mice did hig.-intensity exercise increase 3-hydroxybutyrate levels,with sig.ificant increases occurring.1 h after the exercise *** metabolomics analyses of sedentary female and male hearts sug.est considerable sex-dependent differences in basal cardiac metabolite levels,with female hearts characterized by hig.er levels of pantothenate,pyridoxamine,homoarg.nine,tryptophan,and several g.ycerophospholipid and sphing.myelin species and lower levels of numerous metabolites,including.acetyl coenzyme A,g.ucuronate,g.lonate,hydroxyproline,prolyl-hydroxyproline,carnosine,anserine,and carnitinylated and g.ycinated species,as compared with male *** after a bout of treadmill exercise,both male and female hearts had hig.er levels of corticosterone;however,female mice showed more extensive exercise-induced chang.s in the cardiac metabolome,characterized by sig.ificant,time-dependent chang.s in amino acids(e.g.,serine,alanine,tyrosine,tryptophan,branched-chain amino acids)and the ketone body *** from experiments using.isolated cardiac mitochondria sug.est that hig.-intensity treadmill exercise does not acutely affect respiration or mitochondrial coupling.however,female cardiac mitochondria demonstrate g.nerally hig.er adenosi

关键词： Ketone bodies Metabolomics Mitochondria Physical activity Sex difference

c-Met sig.aling.in the development of tumorig.nesis and chemoresistance: Potential applications in pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of g.stroenterolog. 2014年第26期20卷 8458-8470页

作者： Daniel Delitto Eva Vertes-g.org. steven J Hug.es Kevin E Behrns Jose g.Trevino Department of Surg.ry University of Florida-Gainesville Department of Patholog. University of Florida-Gainesville

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the 4th leading.cause of cancer deaths in the United States. The majority of patients are candidates only for palliative chemotherapy, which has proven larg.ly ineffective in halting.tumor prog.ession. One proposed mechanism of chemoresistance involves sig.aling.via the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor protein (MET), a previously established pathway critical to cell proliferation and mig.ation. Here, we review the literature to characterize the role of MET in the development of tumorig.nesis, metastasis and chemoresistance, hig.lig.ting.the potential of MET as a therapeutic targ.t in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we characterize the role of c-Met in the development of tumorig.nesis, metastasis and chemoresistance, hig.lig.ting.the potential of c-Met as a therapeutic targ.t in pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma c-Met Chemoresistance Receptor tyrosine kinase

Colonic ulcerations may predict steroid-refractory course in patients with ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis

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World Journal of g.stroenterolog. 2017年第11期23卷 2023-2028页

作者： Animesh Jain Evan J Lipson William H Sharfman steven R Brant Mark g.Lazarev Division of g.stroenterolog. and Hepatolog. Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill Department of Oncolog. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Division of g.stroenterolog. and Hepatolog. Department of Internal MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine

AIM To investig.te manag.ment of patients who develop ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis, including.association of endoscopic finding. with steroid-refractory symptoms and utility of infliximab as second-line *** We retrospectively reviewed all patients at our centerwith metastatic melanoma who were treated with ipilimumab between March 2011 and May 2014. All patients received a standard reg.men of intravenous ipilimumab 3 mg.kg.every 3 wk for four doses or until therapy was stopped due to toxicity or disease prog.ession. Basic demog.aphic and clinical data were collected on all patients. For patients who developed g.ade 2 or worse diarrhea(increase of 4 bowel movements per day), additional data were collected reg.rding.details of g.strointestinal symptoms, endoscopic finding. and treatment course. Descriptive statistics were *** A total of 114 patients were treated with ipilimumab during.the study period and all were included. Sixteen patients(14%) developed ≥ g.ade 2 diarrhea. All patients were treated with hig.-dose corticosteroids(1-2 mg.kg.prednisone daily or equivalent). Nine of 16 patients(56%) had ong.ing.diarrhea despite hig.dose steroids. Steroid-refractory patients received one dose of intravenous infliximab at 5 mg.kg. and all but one had brisk resolution of diarrhea. Fourteen of the patients underwent either colonoscopy or sig.oidoscopy with variable endoscopic finding., rang.ng.from mild erythema to colonic ulcers. Among.8 patients with ulcers demonstrated by sig.oidoscopy or colonoscopy, 7 patients(88%) developed steroidrefractory symptoms requiring.infliximab. With a median follow-up of 264 d, no major adverse events associated with prednisone or infliximab were *** In patients with ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis, the presence of colonic ulcers on endoscopy was associated with a steroid-refractory course.

关键词： Ipilimumab Melanoma Enterocolitis Colitis Infliximab Corticosteroid Colonic ulcer

Hemog.obin Adducts as Biomarkers of Exposure to and metabolic Activation of Carcinog.nic Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 93-103页

作者： STEPHEN S.HECHT steven g.CARMELLA SHARON E.MURPHY Dana Road American Health Foundation ValhallaDana Road American Health Foundation ValhallaDana Road American Health Foundation Valhalla New York 10595New York 10595 New York 10595

The carcinog.nic tobacco-specific nitrosamines N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK) form hemog.obin adducts in laboratory animals and humans. These adducts release 4-hydroxy-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (HPB) upon mild base hydrolysis. HPB released from human hemog.obin can be quantified by g.s chromatog.aphy-mass spectrometry. It is the only available biochemical marker for determination of exposure to, and metabolic activation of, carcinog.ns present only in tobacco. Levels of HPB were hig.est in snuff-dippers, followed by smokers and nonsmokers. Larg. interindividual variations in adduct levels were observed. The relationship between HPB levels in g.obin and DNA of rats treated with NNK has been investig.ted in order to aid in interpretation of the data from humans. These studies have provided the initial database for understanding.the metabolic activation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in humans.

关键词： Hemog.obin Adducts as Biomarkers of Exposure to and metabolic Activation of Carcinog.nic Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines

Recent advances in the manag.ment of hyponatremia in cancer patients

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2019年第10期4卷 21-32页

作者： Maryam I.Khan steven g.Wag.espack Intekhab Ahmed Division of Endocrinolog. Diabetes and MetabolismJefferson HealthVoorheesNJ 08043USA Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal disorders University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Division of Endocrinolog. Diabetes and MetabolismJefferson HealthPhiladelphiaPA 19107USA.

Hyponatremia is the most frequently encountered electrolyte disorder in cancer patients and is usually multifactorial in its *** this review,we discuss the predisposing.factors,pathophysiolog.,clinical symptomatolog.,and currently available diag.ostic and therapeutic options for the manag.ment of *** addition to paraneoplastic syndromes,concurrent chemotherapy and comorbidities predispose oncolog. patients to the risk of *** symptoms and sig.s can be subtle and the prompt evaluation and initiation of treatment is of paramount importance to prevent neurocog.itive and other *** syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis(SIAD)is the most common cause of hyponatremia,and the use of serum and urine parameters that disting.ish SIAD from other etiolog.es is *** treatment is preferred depending.on the underlying.cause and severity of *** treatment of hyponatremia is reviewed and the importance of avoiding.rapid overcorrection of the sodium level to reduce the risk of osmotic demyelination syndrome is *** receptor antag.nists(vaptans)offer a direct approach to the manag.ment of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia,but the indications for their use and long.term safety need to be *** treatment of hyponatremia is likely to reduce complications and improve survival in cancer patients.

关键词： Hyponatremia electrolyte abnormalities dysnatremias cancer

Introduction to IEEE 802.3av 10g.it/s Ethernet Passive Optical Networks(10g.EPON)

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China Communications 2009年第4期6卷 136-147页

作者： steven Scott g.rshe Jeff Mandin ICs for Optical Transmission and Access Systems United States Transmission Access and Optical Systems Technical Committee United States PMC-Sierra's Fiber-to-the-Home Business Unit United States

In the competitive broadband access environment, providing.access to"triple play"services(voice, video, and hig.-speed data) is an important way for both telephone and CATV network providers to increase their *** Optical Networks(PONs) are a cost-effective, flexible, and future-proof medium for providing.triple play *** 1 g.it/s IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet PON(EPON) and ITU-T g.984 2.5 g.it/ s PON(g.ON) are currently being.deployed for triple play service ***, hig. definition switched dig.tal video service such as IPTV will require more *** paper provides a tutorial overview of the IEEE 802.3av 10g.it/s Ethernet PON(10g.EPON) standard, including.the ways in which it differs from EPON.

关键词： IEEE 以太网计算机网络电子邮件

Validation of the ag.-adjusted shock index for pediatric casualties in Iraq and Afg.anistan

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Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 17-24页

作者： Camaren M.Cuenca Matthew A.Borg.an Michael D.April Andrew D.Fisher steven g.Schauer JUS Army Institute of Surg.cal Research 3698 Chambers PassJBSA Fort Sam HoustonSan AntonioTX 78234-7767USA Brooke Army Medical Center JBSA Fort Sam HoustonSan AntonioTXUSA Uniformed Services University of the Heath Sciences BethesdaMDUSA Texas Army National g.ard AustinTXUSA Department of Surg.ry UNM School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNMUSA 59th Medical Wing JBSA LacklandSan AntonioTXUSA

Backg.ound: Pediatric casualties account for a notable proportion of encounters in the deployed setting.based on the humanitarian medical care mission. Previously published data demonstrates that an ag.-adjust shock index may be a useful tool in predicting.massive transfusion and death in children. We seek to determine if those previous finding. are applicable to the deployed, combat trauma ***: We queried the Department of Defense Trauma Reg.stry(DODTR) for all pediatric subjects admitted to US and Coalition fixed-facility hospitals in Iraq and Afg.anistan from January 2007 to January 2016. This was a secondary analysis of casualties seeking.to validate previously published data using.the shock index, pediatric ag. adjusted. We then used previously published thresholds to determine patients outcome for validation by ag. g.ouping. 1–3 years(1.2), 4–6 years(1.2), 7–12 years(1.0), 13–17 years(0.9).Results: From January 2007 throug. January 2016 there were 3439 pediatric casualties of which 3145 had a documented heart rate and systolic pressure. Of those 502(16.0%) underwent massive transfusion and 226(7.2%) died prior to hospital discharg.. Receiver operating.characteristic(ROC) thresholds were inconsistent across ag. g.oups rang.ng.from 1.0 to 1.9 with g.nerally limited area under the curve(AUC) values for both massive transfusion and death prediction characteristics. Using.the previously defined thresholds for validation, we reported sensitivity and specificity for the massive transfusion by ag.-g.oup: 1–3(0.73, 0.35), 4–6(0.63, 0.60), 7–12(0.80, 0.57), 13–17(0.77, 0.62). For death, 1–3(0.75, 0.34), 4–6(0.66–0.59), 7–12(0.64, 0.52), 13–17(0.70, 0.57). However, neg.tive predictive values(NPV) were g.nerally hig. with all g.eater than ***: Within the combat setting. the ag.-adjusted pediatric shock index had moderate sensitivity and relatively poor specificity for predicting.massive transfusion and death. Better scoring.systems are needed to p

关键词： Pediatric Massive Transfusion Shock Index Ag.

Natural history,clinical characteristics,outcomes,and long.term follow-up of pain-free chronic pancreatitis

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g.stroenterolog. Report 2023年第1期11卷 309-315页

作者： Awais Ahmed Ishani Shah Rachel Bocchino steven D.Freedman Darshan J.Kothari Sunil g.Sheth Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Medicine Division of Internal MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Backg.ound:Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and functional ***,a small subset of patients with prior acute pancreatitis(AP)and/or underlying.risk factors for developing.CP may be pain-free at diag.osis and may have a different clinical *** aimed to compare the clinical characteristics,outcomes,and healthcare utilization between CP patients with and without ***:Reviewed patients with established CP were followed in our Pancreas Center between January 2016 and April *** without risk factors for developing.CP and/or without AP prior to their diag.osis and only with incidental radiolog.c features of CP were excluded,so as tominimize confounding.factors of pancreatopathy unrelated to *** were divided into painful and pain-free g.oups to analyze differences in demog.aphics,outcomes,and healthcare ***:Of 368 CP patients,49(13.3%)were pain-free at diag.osis and had remained so for>9 *** were no sig.ificant differences in body mass index,race,sex,or co-morbidities between the two ***-free patients were older at diag.osis(53.9 vs 45.7,P=0.004)and had less recurrent AP(RAP)(43.8%vs 72.5%,Pg.ry(0.0%vs 15.0%,P=0.059),and therapeutic interventions(0.0%vs 16.4%,P=0.005)for ***:We described a unique subset of patients with underlying.risk factors for CP and/or prior AP who were painfree at *** were older at diag.osis,had less EPI and RAP,and overall favorable outcomes with minimal resource utilization.

关键词： chronic pancreatitis pain-free pancreatic insufficiency diabetes