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富氮气调--磷化氢的可供替换技术

粮油食品科技 2024年第3期32卷 55-68页

作者： Manjree AGARWAL james NEWMAN Yan-yu LI Li GU Bei-bei LI Yong-lin REN 李燕羽(译) 西澳大利亚政府化学中心澳大利亚珀斯WA 6102 cBH澳大利亚谷物有限公司澳大利亚珀斯WA 6000 默多克大学环境和生命科学学院澳大利亚珀斯WA 6150 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食储运研究所北京100037 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食储运研究所

在粮食储藏上利用氮气的方法已经有30多年的历史,但直到最近经济有效的变压吸附(PSA)和膜分离(MS)制氮设备的出现,才使得该技术在储粮上使用成为可能。本研究首先在25、30和35℃、99%、98%和97%氮气的环境下,对小麦、大麦、燕麦、羽扇... 详细信息

在粮食储藏上利用氮气的方法已经有30多年的历史,但直到最近经济有效的变压吸附(PSA)和膜分离(MS)制氮设备的出现,才使得该技术在储粮上使用成为可能。本研究首先在25、30和35℃、99%、98%和97%氮气的环境下,对小麦、大麦、燕麦、羽扇豆和油菜籽中的花斑皮蠹、赤拟谷盗、谷蠹和米象成虫和非成虫虫态进行了为期4、3和2周的实验室生物测定。然后在终端用户LakeGrace和cBH(cooperative BulkHandling)谷物进出口公司Albany出口港码头开展实仓验证,测定小麦、大麦和油菜籽中不同储粮害虫虫种和油菜籽瓢虫和肖叶甲类两种田间害虫的防治效果。同时对处理后的粮食品质进行了测定。实验结果表明,害虫死亡率随着氧气浓度降低、暴露时间和温度的增加而增加,富氮低氧在低温条件下不能100%致死花斑皮蠹幼虫。氮气处理对磷化氢抗性和敏感品系储粮害虫防治效果没有差异。与其他粮种相比,在油菜籽中的防治效果更好。各种粮种的水分含量、蛋白质、含油量、淀粉和籽粒颜色品质指标均未受到影响。成功开发了富氮低氧商业规模应用模式,为磷化氢高抗性害虫治理提供了解决方案,满足市场日益增长对无害虫和无化学残留粮食的需求。

关键词：气调储藏害虫治理磷化氢抗药性粮食品质应用模式

用nR改良海氏法则及PALT评估药物性肝损伤研究进展

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中国药物警戒 2024年第1期21卷 117-120页

作者：詹姆斯·布坎南 covilance LLc 美国加利福尼亚州贝尔蒙特市

与药物、草药和其他补充或替代疗法相关的肝毒性一直是全球安全专业人员和监管机构关注的问题。在临床开发和上市后阶段及时识别肝损伤仍是一项挑战。目前,用于识别最有可能发展为肝衰竭或死亡的肝毒性病例标准已经取得最新进展,并建立... 详细信息

与药物、草药和其他补充或替代疗法相关的肝毒性一直是全球安全专业人员和监管机构关注的问题。在临床开发和上市后阶段及时识别肝损伤仍是一项挑战。目前,用于识别最有可能发展为肝衰竭或死亡的肝毒性病例标准已经取得最新进展,并建立了可用于评估与肝损伤相关肝细胞损失程度的新方法。本文将对这些新方法及其在相关肝毒性持续监测和评估中的应用进行回顾。

关键词：药物性肝损伤(DILI) 草药补充疗法替代疗法海氏法则药物引起严重肝毒性的四象限评价图表 R值 nR值谷丙转氨酶的P值

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地壳深熔过程中锆石的Zr同位素分馏

中国科学：地球科学 2024年第8期54卷 2534-2545页

作者：朱二林夏琼霞李赵雅陈仁旭 james VAN ORMAN 中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院合肥230026 中国科学技术大学岩石圈演化与环境演变全国重点实验室合肥230026 行星探索与前瞻性技术前沿科学中心合肥230026 Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland OH 44106USA

锆(Zr)作为高场强元素之一,由于有限的Zr同位素数据库,地质演化过程中的Zr同位素行为仍然存在许多疑问.岩浆体系中Zr同位素常用于示踪岩浆分异过程,而对于地壳深熔过程中Zr同位素分异与锆石结晶过程之间的关系仍有待研究.本研究对采自... 详细信息

锆(Zr)作为高场强元素之一,由于有限的Zr同位素数据库,地质演化过程中的Zr同位素行为仍然存在许多疑问.岩浆体系中Zr同位素常用于示踪岩浆分异过程,而对于地壳深熔过程中Zr同位素分异与锆石结晶过程之间的关系仍有待研究.本研究对采自南拉萨和北大别两个高温变质地体的混合岩进行了锆石原位Zr同位素分析,结果显示出较大的同位素分馏,δ^(94)/^(90)ZrIPGP值(标记为δ^(94)Zr)变化范围分别为-0.30‰~+0.81‰和-0.58‰~+0.49‰.在这些锆石中,除岩浆源区的残留锆石外,发现有两类新生锆石.根据寄主岩石的类型、锆石的微量元素含量和Zr同位素值,新生锆石可以分为两类:第一类是主要赋存于原位浅色体中的转熔锆石,具有最高的铌(Nb)-钽(Ta)-铪(Hf)-铀(U)含量,其δ^(94)Zr值变化范围较大,并显著高于残留锆石δ^(94)Zr值;第二类是主要赋存于异位浅色脉体中的深熔锆石,具有较高的Nb-Ta-Hf-U含量,其δ^(94)Zr值与残留锆石相似.数值模拟计算表明,新生锆石的Zr同位素组成变化较大,主要是部分熔融过程中锆石和非锆石相的差异分解所释放的Zr同位素不同而导致的.转熔锆石的Zr主要来自于原位深熔熔体中含锆矿物相的分解(非锆石效应),而深熔锆石的Zr主要来自于演化熔体中残留锆石的溶解(锆石效应).混合岩中显著的Zr同位素分馏很好地反映了部分熔融过程中深熔熔体生成-迁移-聚集-结晶的动力学过程.因此,Zr同位素可以作为区分地壳深熔过程中转熔锆石和深熔锆石的有力工具.

关键词： Zr同位素锆石效应非锆石效应混合岩地壳深熔作用

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Floristic Diversity in Forest Management Units: Implications for Biodiversity conservation in FMU 09-025

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 327-345页

作者： Agbor james Ayamba Amos Fang Zeh Kamah Pascal Bumtu Ndjounguep Juscar Mfonden Poumie Mounir Nkenfack Achey Djike Department of Forestry and Wildlife University of Buea Buea Cameroon Ajemalebu Self Help Kumba South West Region Cameroon Department of Geography University of Buea Buea Cameroon School of Mining University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Forestry and Wildlife University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Institute for Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon

The assessment of floristic composition and diversity is very important in forest management units. This study sets out to determine the species diversity and implications for biodiversity conservation in FMU 09-025 of the campo Ma’an National park, South Region of cameroon. Due to human activities in the area, the study site was divided into two Blocks (A and B). The transect method was employed in data collection. A total 14 long transects were established parallel to each other in blocks at a distance of 3 km apart, 8 transects in Block A and 6 Transects in Block. In each transect, plots of 20 × 500 m were established at intervals of 500 m. Within each plot, all individual trees ≥ 10 cm were identified, measured, and recorded. The DBH of all trees were measured at 1.3 using the DBH meter tape. The height of trees was measured through estimation (average estimates of all field researchers). Results revealed a total of eight thousand one hundred and twenty four (8124) individual plants with DBH ≥ 10 cm in the entire study area. From this number, 5113 tree stems ≥ 10 cm were identified and measured in Block A. This belongs to 216 species in 47 families. In block B a total of and 5011 stems were identified and measured. This belongs to 239 species in 47 families. Fabaceae, Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae were found to be the most dominant plant families in the study site. Erythrophleum ivorense, Lophira alata, Dialium bipindense, Musanga cecropioides, Alstonia boonei, Pterocarpus soyauxii, Guibourtia ehie, Staudtia kamerunensis, Desbordesia glaucescens, Sacoglottis gabonensis were found to be the most dominant plant species. 41 species are of conservation concern according to the IUcN global Red List 2023 and IUcN local status. These species are considered species with high-priority for conservation. We have 6 endangered species, 11 near Threatened species, and 25 vulnerable species. There was no significant difference in species diversity in the two Blocks.

关键词： composition Floral Diversity FMU conservation concern

亚热带森林植物的叶片和根系功能性状部分耦合但具有不同的群落性状分布格局

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第1期17卷 94-110页

作者： Wenqi Luo Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes Monique Weemstra james F cahill Jr Zi Wang Dong He Yongfa chen chengjin chu Youshi Wang State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences/School of EcologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China International center for Tropical Botany Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6G 2E9Canada School of Ecology and the Environment Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(cTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变... 详细信息

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(cTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变异,是否表现出类似的cTD,其cTD和群落加权平均性状值(cWM)是否沿环境梯度表现出类似的响应。研究结果表明,叶片和根系性状变异的第一轴均呈显出由资源获取向资源保守变异的经济学谱,但叶片变异的第二轴主要由叶片碳含量表征,而根系变异的第二轴主要由反映菌根协作程度的根系粗细表征。类比的叶片和根系化学性状整体正相关,但形态性状的耦合程度较低。在群落水平上,叶片和根系性状第一轴的cWM均随海拔升高而变得更保守,而第二轴的变化则不一致。随土壤磷含量的降低或钾含量的升高,根系变得更细和在养分性状上更保守,而叶片性状无显著变化。当整合多维性状轴时,叶片性状呈发散格局,且随海拔、土壤磷和钾含量的增加呈收敛趋势;而根系性状呈收敛格局,但沿上述环境梯度呈发散趋势。该研究强调,叶片和根系性状与环境互作的差异可能导致不同的性状分布格局;植物可通过多样的地上和地下功能设计应对环境异质性。

关键词：性状维度群落构建叶片性状根系性状植物经济谱群落性状结构亚热带森林

Fine mapping and characterization of stripe rust resistance gene YrAYH in near-isogenic lines derived from a cross involving wheat landrace Anyuehong

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The crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 826-835页

作者： Li Long Jue Li Linyu Huang Huiling Jin Fangnian Guan Haipeng Zhang Sasa Zhao Hao Li Zhien Pu Wei Li Qiantao Jiang Yuming Wei Jian Ma Houyang Kang Shoufen Dai Pengfei Qi Qiang Xu Mei Deng Youliang Zheng Yunfeng Jiang Matthew james Moscou Guoyue chen State Key Laboratory of crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest china Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina college of Resources Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina The Sainsbury Laboratory Norwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHEnglandUK United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Disease LaboratorySt.PaulMN 55108USA

Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis ***(Pst),is a devastating disease in wheat *** and characterizing new resistance genes/QTL is crucial for wheat breeding *** this study,we fine-mapped and characterized a stripe rust resistance gene,YRAYH,on chromosome arm 5BL in the chinese wheat landrace Anyuehong(AYH).Evaluations of stripe rust response to prevalent chinese Pst races in near-isogenic lines derived from a cross of Anyuehong and Taichung 29 showed that YrAYH conferred a high level of resistance at all growth *** mapping using a large segregating population of 9748 plants,narrowed the YRAYH locus to a 3.7 Mb interval on chromosome arm 5BL that included 61 annotated *** analysis of two NIL pairs identified 64 upregulated differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the resistant NILs(NILs-R).Annotations indicated that many of these genes have roles in plant disease resistance *** a combined approach of fine-mapping and transcriptome sequencing,we identified a serine/threonine-protein kinase SRPK as a candidate gene underlying YrAYH.A unique 25 bp insertion was identified in the NILs-R compared to the NILs-S and previously published wheat *** InDel marker was developed and co-segregated with *** trait evaluation of the NILs suggested that YrAYH not only reduces the impact of stripe rust but was also associated with a gene that increases plant height and spike length.

关键词： candidate gene analysis crop protection Puccinia striiformis Transcriptome analyses

Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： james K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta csernus csaba Szabó Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and *** present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and *** eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPc)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each *** treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)DL-Met injected(DLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for *** results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(Pcompared to the *** DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OcLN)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(Pc genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(MD2),occludin(OcLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(Pconclusion,these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal *** also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

富氮低氧+磷化氢防治储粮害虫技术的实仓应用研究

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粮油食品科技 2024年第3期32卷 39-54页

作者： Manjree AGARWAL james NEWMAN Yan-yu LI Li GU Bei-bei LI Sucharita BASAVARAJAPP Yong-lin REN 李燕羽(译) 西澳大利亚州政府化学中心澳大利亚珀斯WA 6102 cBH澳大利亚谷物有限公司澳大利亚珀斯WA 6000 默多克大学环境和生命科学学院澳大利亚珀斯WA 6150 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食储运研究所北京100037 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食储运研究所

为防治澳大利亚主要仓储害虫,开发富氮气调技术作为熏蒸剂的辅助手段。然而,由于成本问题,一直影响其在行业推广应用。本研究利用中国长顺安达公司的先进膜分离技术,与传统的制氮技术(变压吸附/PSA)进行性能比较,在西澳Kwinana的cBH粮食... 详细信息

为防治澳大利亚主要仓储害虫,开发富氮气调技术作为熏蒸剂的辅助手段。然而,由于成本问题,一直影响其在行业推广应用。本研究利用中国长顺安达公司的先进膜分离技术,与传统的制氮技术(变压吸附/PSA)进行性能比较,在西澳Kwinana的cBH粮食港,开展实仓应用实验,以解决阻碍其推广的运营和成本问题。为满足澳大利亚严格的标准操作条件,长顺安达专业团队对港口设备进行了升级改造,目标消杀成本设定为0.50澳元/吨粮(磷化氢的高端熏蒸成本)。研究表明,旧的PSA技术的运营成本为2.43澳元/吨粮,该技术在产生和维持控制害虫所需的99%氮气浓度水平方面也显示出操作局限性。相比之下,使用膜技术制氮的成本为0.99澳元/吨粮,其他性能增益还包括运行4.5天内即可产生所需的氮气浓度,且可维持14天以完全控制害虫。

关键词：粮食储藏储粮害虫管理氮气储藏变压吸附制氮机膜分离制氮机

Molecular characterization of an outbreak-involved Bacillus anthracis strain confirms the spillover of anthrax from West Africa

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 93-94页

作者： Shuchao Wang Roland Suluku Mohamed B.Jalloh Ahmed F.Samba Baogui Jiang Yubiao Xie Doris Harding Mengyao Zhang Foday Sahr Mahmud E.Sesay james S.Squire Mohamed A.Vandi Moinina N.Kallon Shoufeng Zhang Rongliang Hu Yuee Zhao Zhiqiang Mi changchun Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun China Department of Animal Sciences School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Microbiology College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leone Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sciences Freetown Sierra Leone Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China Ministry of Health and Sanitation Freetown Sierra Leone Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China

Background Anthrax,a zoonotic disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis,remains a major global public health concern,especially in countries with limited *** Leone,a West African country historically plagued by anthrax,has almost been out of report on this disease in recent *** this study,we described a large-scale anthrax outbreak affecting both animals and humans and attempted to characterize the *** The causative agent of the animal outbreak in Port Loko District,Sierra Leone,between March and May 2022 was identified using the nanopore sequencing technique.A nationwide active surveillance was implemented from May 2022 to June 2023 to monitor the occurrence of anthrax-specific symptoms in *** cases were subsequently verified using quantitative polymerase chain ***-genome sequencing was accomplished by combining long-read and short-read sequencing *** phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the full-chromosome single nucleotide *** The outbreak in Port Loko District,Sierra Leone,led to the death of 233 animals between March 26th and May 16th,*** ruled out the initial suspicion of Anaplasma species and successfully identified *** as the causative agent of the *** a result of the government's prompt response,out of the 49 suspected human cases identifed during the one-year active surveillance,only 6 human cases tested positive,all within the frst month after the official declaration of the *** phylogenetic analysis indicated that the BaSL2022 isolate responsible for the outbreak was positioned in the ***.153 clade within the TransEuroAsian group of *** We successfully identifed a large-scale anthrax outbreak in Sierra *** causative isolate of ***,BaSL2022,phylogenetically bridged other lineages in ***.153 clade and neighboring genetic groups,***.144 and ***.148,

关键词： Molecular identification Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Sierra Leone Phylogeny Single nucleotide polymorphism