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Generation of polarized electron beams through self-injection in the interaction of a laser with a pre-polarized plasma

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 62-68页

作者： L.R.Yin X.f.Li Y.j.Gu N.Cao Q.Kong m.Büscher S.m.Weng m.Chen Z.m.Sheng Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(moE) Institute of Modern PhysicsDepartment of Nuclear Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory of High field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina SANKEN(Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research) Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Sichuan Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChengduChina Peter Grünberg Institut(PGI-6) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(moE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IfSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Polarized electron beam production via laser wakefield acceleration in pre-polarized plasma is investigated by particlein-cell *** evolution of the electron beam polarization is studied based on the Thomas±Bargmann±michel±Telegdi equation for the transverse and longitudinal self-injection,and the depolarization process is found to be influenced by the injection *** the case of transverse self-injection,as found typically in the bubble regime,the spin precession of the accelerated electrons is mainly influenced by the ***,in the case of longitudinal injection in the quasi-1D regime(for example,*** et al.,***.110,135002(2013)),the direction of electron spin oscillates in the laser *** the electrons move around the laser axis,the net influence of the laser field is nearly zero and the contribution of the wakefield can be ***,an ultra-short electron beam with polarization of 99%can be obtained using longitudinal self-injection.

关键词： laser wakefield acceleration longitudinal self-injection particle-in-cell simulation polarized electron beam

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frequency-dependent viscoelasticity effects on the wave attenuation performance of multi-layered periodic foundations

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 407-424页

作者： m.SAfI m.VAKILIfARD m.j.mAHmOODI faculty of Civil Water&Environmental EngineeringShahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran faculty of mechanical and Energy Engineering Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran

In this paper,layered periodic foundations(LPfs)are numerically examined for their responses to longitudinal and transverse modes in the time and frequency *** different unit-cells,i.e.,2-layer,4-layer,and 6-layer unit-cells,comprising concrete/rubber,concrete/rubber/steel/rubber,and concrete/rubber/steel/rubber/lead/rubber materials,respectively,are taken into ***,the viscoelasticity behavior of the rubber is modeled with two factors,i.e.,a frequency-independent(fI)loss factor and a linear frequency-dependent(fD)loss *** the extraction of the complex dispersion curves and the identification of the band gaps(BGs),the simulations of wave transmission in the time and frequency domains are performed using the COmSOL *** parametric studies evaluate the effects of the rubber viscoelasticity models on the dispersion curves and the wave transmission for the longitudinal and transverse *** results show that considering the rubber viscoelasticity enhances the wave attenuation ***,the transverse-mode damping is more sensitive to the viscoelasticity model than its longitudinal *** 6-layer unit-cell LPf exhibits the lowest BG,ranging from 4.8 Hz to 6.5 Hz.

关键词： layered metamaterial periodic foundation complex dispersion curve wave transmission diagram

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Thermo-kinetic characteristics on stabilizing hetero-phase interface of metal matrix composites by crystal plasticity finite element method

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journal of materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 53-67页

作者： Y.B.Zhang S.j.Song f.Liu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Analytical&Testing Center Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Using dislocation-based constitutive modeling in three-dimension crystal plasticity finite element(3D CPfE)simulations,co-deformation and instability of hetero-phase interface in different material systems were herein studied for polycrystalline metal matrix composites(mmCs).Local stress and strain fields in two types of 3layer mmCs such as fcc/fcc Cu-Ag and fcc/bcc Cu-Nb have been predicted under simple compressive ***,more severe strain-induced interface instability can be observed in the fcc/bcc systems than in the fcc/fcc systems upon refining to metallic nanolayered composites(mNCs).By detailed analysis of stress and strain localization,it has been demonstrated that the interface instability is always accompanied by high-stress concentration,i.e.,thermodynamic characteristics,or high strain prevention i.e.,kinetic characteristics,at the hetero-phase *** then follows that the thermodynamic driving forceG and the kinetic energy barrier Q during dislocation and shear banding can be adopted to classify the deformation modes,following the so-called thermo-kinetic *** by inserting a high density of high-energy interfaces into the Cu-Nb composites,such thermo-kinetic integration at the hetero-phase interface allows a successful establishment of mmCs with the high△G-high Q deformation mode,which ensures high hardening and uniform strain distri-bution,thus efficiently suppressing the shear band,stabilizing the hetero-phase interface,and obtaining an exceptional combination in strength and *** hetero-phase interface chosen by a couple of thermodynamics and kinetics can be defined as breaking the thermo-kinetic correlation and has been proposed for artificially designing mNCs.

关键词： Thermodynamics and kinetics Physics-based constitutive modeling Hetero-phase interface Crystal plasticity finite element

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On the analytical solution of transient friction in channel flows

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第8期45卷 1447-1466页

作者： f.j.GARCíA-GARCíA P.fARINAS-ALVARINO Department of Naval&Industrial Engineering Polytechnic School of EngineeringUniversity of A CorunaCampus Industrial de FerrolFerrol 15403A CorunaSpain Integraciones Técnicas de Seguridad S.A.Pol.Ind.Espiritu SantoC/Nobel15Cambre 15650A CorunaSpain

The transient friction in channel mean flows is the sum of two contributions,i.e.,the underlying laminar flow(ULf)and the purely turbulent component(PTC),and the contributions are analyzed separately by theoretical *** is found that,the transient friction may be higher or remarkably lower than that in equal-Reynolds number steady-state *** universal time constant for plane-parallel laminar flows is reported,and the role of the time constant in a turbulent mean flow is *** is shown that the time constant is related to the turbulence's frozen ***,a study of the logarithmic layer during the transient flow is accomplished,which shows that the logarithmic layer is destroyed.

关键词： transient friction transient flow unsteady channel flow

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Telomeric DNA breaks in human induced pluripotent stem cells trigger ATR-mediated arrest and telomerase-independent telomere damage repair

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journal of molecular Cell Biology 2024年第3期16卷 46-60页

作者： Katrina N.Estep john W.Tobias Rafael j.fernandez Brinley m.Beveridge f.Brad johnson Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Quantiative Biosciences Merck&Co.Inc.West PointPA 19486USA Penn Genomic Analysis Core University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Although mechanisms of telomere protection are well-defined in differentiated cells,how stem cells sense and respond to telomere dysfunction,in particular telomeric double-strand breaks(DSBs),is poorly ***,we report the DNA damage signaling,cell cycle,and transcriptome changes in human induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)in response to telomere-internal *** engineer human iPSCs with an inducible TRf1-fokI fusion protein to acutely induce DSBs at *** this model,we demonstrate that TRf1-fokI DSBs activate an ATR-dependent DNA damage response,which leads to p53-independent cell cycle arrest in *** CRISPR–Cas9 to cripple the catalytic domain of telomerase reverse transcriptase,we show that telomerase is largely dispensable for survival and lengthening of TRf1-fokI-cleaved telomeres,which instead are effectively repaired by robust homologous recombination(HR).In contrast to HR-based telomere maintenance in mouse embryonic stem cells,where HR causes ZSCAN4-dependent extension of telomeres beyond their initial lengths,HR-based repair of telomeric breaks is sufficient to maintain iPSC telomeres at a normal length,which is compatible with sustained survival of the cells over several days of TRf1-fokI *** findings suggest a previously unappreciated role for HR in telomere maintenance in telomerase-positive iPSCs and reveal distinct iPSC-specific responses to targeted telomeric DNA damage.

关键词： telomeres telomerase alternative lengthening of telomeres pluripotent stem cells DNA damage double-strand breaks

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Phase composition,conductivity,and sensor properties of cerium-doped indium oxide

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Nano materials Science 2024年第2期6卷 193-200页

作者： m.I.Ikim G.N.Gerasimov V.f.Gromov O.j.Ilegbusi L.I.Trakhtenberg N.N.Semenov federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS MoscowRussia University of Central florida OrlandoFLUSA moscow Institute of Physics and Technology(State University) DolgoprudnyMoscow RegionRussia Lomonosov moscow State University MoscowRussia

The hydrothermal synthesis of In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)is investigated as well as the properties of sensor layers based on these *** the synthesis of In_(2)O_(3),intermediate products In(OH)_(3)and InOOH are formed,which are the precursors of stable cubic(c-In_(2)O_(3))and metastable rhombohedral(rh-In_(2)O_(3))phases,respectively.A transition from c-In_(2)O_(3)to rh-In_(2)O_(3)is observed with the addition of CeO_(2).The introduction of cerium into rh-In_(2)O_(3)results in a decrease in the sensor response to hydrogen,while it increases in composites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).The data on the sensor activity of the composites correlate with XPS results in which CeO_(2)causes a decrease in the concentrations of chemisorbed oxygen and oxygen vacancies in rh-In_(2)O_(3).The reverse situation is observed in composites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).Compared to In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)obtained by other methods,the synthesized composites demonstrate maximum response to H_(2)at low temperatures by 70–100℃,and have short response time(0.2–0.5 s),short recovery time(6–7 s),and long-term stability.A model is proposed for the dependence of sensitivity on the direction of electron transfer between In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2).

关键词： Cerium oxide Indium oxide Nanocomposite Hydrothermal method Cubic phase Rhombohedral phase Sensor response Conductivity Hydrogen Response/recovery time

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A shift in redox conditions near the Ediacaran/Cambrian transition and its possible influence on early animal evolution,CorumbáGroup,Brazil

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Geoscience frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 148-158页

作者： fabricio A.Caxito Erik Sperling Gabriella fazio Rodrigo rodrigues Adorno matheus Denezine Dermeval Aparecido Do Carmo martino Giorgioni Gabriel j.Uhlein Alcides N.Sial CPmTC Research Center and Programa de Pós-graduação em Geologia Departamento de GeologiaInstituto de GeociênciasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMG 31270-901Brazil Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Doerr School of SustainabilityStanford UniversityCA 94305USA Instituto de Geociências Universidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaDF 70910-900Brazil Center for Applied Geosciences(CGA)of the Geological Survey of Brazil(SBG/CPRm) BrasíliaDistrito Federal 70040-904Brazil NEG LABISE Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife-PE 50740-530Brazil

The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition witnessed some of the most important biological,tectonic,climatic and geochemical changes in Earth's *** utmost importance for early animal evolution is the likely shift in redox conditions of bottom waters,which might have taken place in distinct pulses during the late Ediacaran and early *** track redox changes during this transition,we present new trace element,total organic carbon and both inorganic and organic carbon isotopes,and the first iron speciation data on the Tamengo and Guaicurus formations of the CorumbáGroup in western Brazil,which record important paleobiological changes between 555 ma tomengo formation is composed mainly of limestone with interbedded marls and mudrocks,and bears fragments of upper Ediacaran biomineralized fossils such as Cloudina lucianoi and Corumbella *** younger Guaicurus formation represents a regional transgression of the shallow carbonate platform and is composed of a homogeneous fine-grained siliciclastic succession,bearing meiofaunal bilateral *** new iron speciation data reveal predominantly anoxic and ferruginous(non-sulfidic)bottom water conditions during deposition of the Tamengo formation,with feHR/feT around 0.8 and fePy/feHR below *** transition from the Tamengo to the Guaicurus formation is marked by a stratigraphically rapid drop in feHR/feT to below 0.2,recording a shift to likely oxic bottom waters,which persist ***-sensitive element(RSE)concentrations are muted in both formations,but consistent with non-sulfidic bottom water conditions *** interpret the collected data to reflect a transition between two distinct paleoenvironmental *** Tamengo formation represents an environment with anoxic bottom waters,with fragments of biomineralized organisms that lived on shallower,proba-bly mildly oxygenated surficial waters,and that were then transported *** to coeval suc

关键词： Atmospheric oxygenation Gondwana Redox proxies Iron speciation Ediacaran biota Redox-sensitive elements

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ENSO impacts on litter stocks and water holding capacity in secondary forests in eastern Amazonia

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journal of forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 83-89页

作者： julia Isabella de matos rodrigues Walmer Bruno Rocha martins Victor Pereira de Oliveira myriam Suelen da Silva Wanzerley Hélio Brito dos Santos júnior francisco de Assis Oliveira Graduate Program in forestry Sciences Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil federal Rural University of Amazonia Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil federal Rural University of Amazonia Tv.Pau-AmareloCapitão PoçoPará68650-000Brazil National Institute of Amazonia Research Av.Constelação Cruzeiro do SulManausAmazonas 69060-062Brazil

Among the impacts of climate change,there is the intensification of phenomena such as the El Niño South-ern Oscillation(ENSO)responsible for El Niño and La Niñ***,understanding their effects on the functional pro-cesses of forests is ***,this study evaluated the effects of ENSO on litter stock and water holding capac-ity(WHC)in a successional forest in eastern *** occurred in periods with the most rainfall in El Niño(2019)and least in La Niña(2021)*** permanent plots were used to sample *** effects were evident for WHC,higher during El Niñ***,this influence was not clear for litter,as only in the rainy season effects were *** was a positive correlation of WHC with precipitation and humidity,while litter stocks were negatively correlated with temperature and wind *** the subject of this study requires long-term assessments,preliminary results suggests that,depending on the intensity of ENSO,forest functional processes can be strongly impacted and *** conclusion reinforces warnings by the scientific community about the impacts of climate change on the maintenance of litter stocks,decomposition and,consequently,the biogeochemical cycle and essential ecosystem services for the maintenance of Amazonia *** need to develop long-term research to understand the effects of climatic change on litter stocks and water holding capacity is highlighted,especially in Amazonia.

关键词： Seasonality Climate change Succession ecosystem Biogeochemical cycle Amazonia biodiversity

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Selection of digital fabrication technique in the construction industry--A multi-criteria decision-making approach

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frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 977-997页

作者： m.P.SALAImANImAGUDAm j.jAYAPRAKASH Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering School of Civil EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Digital fabrication techniques,in recent decades,have provided the basis of a sustainable revolution in the construction ***,selecting the digital fabrication method in terms of manufacturability and functionality requirements is a complex *** paper presents alternatives and criteria for selection of digital fabrication techniques by adopting the multi-criteria decision-making *** alternatives considered in the study are concrete three-dimensional(3D)printing,shotcrete,smart dynamic casting,material intrusion,mesh molding,injection concrete 3D printing,and thin forming *** criteria include formwork utilization,reinforcement incorporation,geometrical complexity,material enhancement,assembly complexity,surface finish,and build *** demonstrates different multi-criteria decision-making techniques,with both subjective and objective weighting *** given ranking is based on the current condition of digital fabrication in the construction *** study reveals that in the selection of digital fabrication techniques,the criteria including reinforcement incorporation,build area,and geometrical complexity play a pivotal role,collectively accounting for nearly 70% of the overall *** the evaluated techniques,concrete 3D printing emerged as the best performer,however the shotcrete and mesh molding techniques in the second and third positions.

关键词： digital fabrication multicriteria decision-making concrete 3D printing

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Lattice Boltzmann method formulation for simulation of thermal radiation effects on non-Newtonian Al_(2)O_(3) free convection in entropy determination

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 1085-1106页

作者： m.NEmATI m.SEfID A.KARImIPOUR A.j.CHAmKHA faculty of mechanical Engineering Yazd UniversityYazd ***Iran Department of mechanical Engineering Najafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNajafabad ***Iran faculty of Engineering Kuwait College of Science and TechnologyDoha 35004Kuwait

The simultaneous investigation on the parameters affecting the flow of electrically conductive fluids such as volumetric radiation,heat absorption,heat generation,and magnetic field(mf)is very vital due to its existence in various sectors of industry and *** present research focuses on mathematical modeling to simulate the cooling of a hot component through power-law(PL)nanofluid convection *** temperature reduction of the hot component inside a two-dimensional(2D)inclined chamber with two different cold wall shapes is *** formulation of the problem is derived with the lattice Boltzmann method(LBm)by code writing via the fORTRAN *** variables such as the radiation parameter(0–1),the Hartmann number(0–75),the heat absorption/generation coefficient(−5–5),the fluid behavioral index(0.8–1.2),the Rayleigh number(103–105),the imposed mf angle(0°–90°),the chamber inclination angle(−90°–90°),and the cavity cold wall shape(smooth and curved)are *** findings indicate that the presence of radiation increases the mean Nusselt number value for the shear-thickening,Newtonian,and shear thinning fluids by about 6.2%,4%,and 2%,*** most cases,the presence of nanoparticles improves the heat transfer(HT)rate,especially in the cases where thermal conduction dominates *** is the lowest cooling performance index and mf effect for the cavity placed at an angle of 90°.The application in the design of electronic coolers and solar collectors is one of the practical cases of this numerical research.

关键词： thermal performance analysis heat absorption/generation power-law(PL)Al_(2)O_(3)nanofluid magnetohydrodynamics natural convection volumetric radiation inclined cavity

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