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Plasma production and preliminary results From the ADITYA Upgrade tokamak

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第7期20卷 7-14页

作者： R L TANNA j GHOSH Harshita raj Rohit KUMAR Suman AICH Vaibhav RANjAN K A jADEjA K M PATEL S B BHATT K SATHYANARAYANA P K CHATTOPADHYAY M N MAKWANA K S SHAH C N GUPTA V K PANCHAL Praveenlal EDAPPALA Bharat ARAMBHADIYA Minsha SHAH Vismay RAULjI M B CHOWDHURI S BANERjEE R MANCHANDA D rajU P K ATREY Umesh NAGORA j RAVAL Y S jOISA K TAHILIANI S K jHA S K jHA M V GOPALKRISHANA Institute for Plasma Research BhatGandhinagar 382 428India HBNI Training School complexAnushakti NagarMumbai 400085India

The Ohmically heated circular limiter tokamak ADITYA （R0 = 75 cm, a = 25 cm） has been upgraded to a tokamak named the ADITYA Upgrade （ADITYA-U） with an open divertor configuration with divertor plates. The main goal of ADITYA-U is to carry out dedicated experiments relevant for bigger fusion machines including ITER, such as the generation and control of runaway electrons, disruption prediction, and mitigation studies, along with an improvement in confinement with shaped plasma. The ADITYA tokamak was dismantled and the assembly of ADITYA-U was completed in March 2016. Integration of subsystems like data acquisition and remote operation along with plasma production and preliminary plasma characterization of ADITYA-U plasmas are presented in this paper.

关键词： ADITYA-U tokamak Phase I plasma operation toroidal limiter enhanced parameters

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磁流体密封试验

化工与通用机械 1980年第10期 62-65页

作者： j. K. raj 俞静澄马炯

如果要在工业上推广磁流体技术,则还需要通过实验数据进一步来证实其理论上的可行性。最近,在不同压力下的密封装置上进行了试验研究,当用氟碳化物铁流体时,压力为306KN/m~2(或45psi),当用二酯铁流体时,压力为462KN/m~2(或68psi),旋转... 详细信息

如果要在工业上推广磁流体技术,则还需要通过实验数据进一步来证实其理论上的可行性。最近,在不同压力下的密封装置上进行了试验研究,当用氟碳化物铁流体时,压力为306KN/m~2(或45psi),当用二酯铁流体时,压力为462KN/m~2(或68psi),旋转轴直径大约12cm(4.7英寸),转速4500r.P.m。实验结果提供了一些必要的对比数据。

关键词：铁流体功率损失乾封极靴密封装置碳化物转数磁流体碳化合物流体粘度磁性动态密封动密封磁流体密封

Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate

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World journal of Methodology 2017年第3期7卷 73-92页

作者： Ahmed Alaini Deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid j Khitan Dominic SC raj Mark Rohrscheib joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo School of Medicine Renal and Electrolyte Division Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineGeorge Washington University Marshall University joan C. Edwards School of Medicine Nephrology Section Medicine ServiceRaymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center Department of Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine

The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and *** scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury.

关键词： Chronic kidney disease Serum creatinine Creatinine clearance Creatinine excretion Estimated glomerular filtration rate Cystatin C Renal imaging Hyperfiltration Biomarkers of chronic kidney disease

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激光诱发化学气相淀积

微电子学与计算机 1988年第2期 30-36页

作者： raj Solanki Cameron A.Moore George j.Collins 孙建诚

本文回顾了薄膜的激光诱发淀积的进展.原则上,膜的光激活化学气相淀积依据于三大机理.施主分子光分解及随后的反应和凝聚;衬底局部被加热后,随之在这些位置上的热分解;以及在紧靠衬底附近所需物质的激光蒸发.这三种方法都已经用于淀积... 详细信息

本文回顾了薄膜的激光诱发淀积的进展.原则上,膜的光激活化学气相淀积依据于三大机理.施主分子光分解及随后的反应和凝聚;衬底局部被加热后,随之在这些位置上的热分解;以及在紧靠衬底附近所需物质的激光蒸发.这三种方法都已经用于淀积绝缘的、导电的和半导体的材料.讨论了大面积的和局部的淀积,重点在前者.激光诱发淀积的独特之处在于:工艺温度低、分解产物一定以及空间上有选择地淀积.介绍了在微电子器件制造中以前和将来的应用,考察了激光化学气相淀积在集成电路工艺中应用存在的问题和前景.

关键词：淀积 LCVD 光分解衬底施主分子分解反应基片激光诱发淀积速率激光

基于红外相机数据评估华南地区豹猫的种群密度和活动节律

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生物多样性 2022年第9期30卷 89-99页

作者：杨剑焕李敬华杨浩炫欧梓键郑玺 Anthony j.Giordano 陈辈乐嘉道理农场暨植物园中国香港999077 Society for the Preservation of Endangered Carnivores&Their International Ecological Study VenturaCA 93006USA

可靠的种群密度数据对野生动物的保护和管理十分重要。豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)是中国分布最广且常见的猫科动物,但野生种群密度估算的研究并不多。本研究于2020年6月至2021年5月在香港新界嘉道理农场暨植物园开展红外相机调查,... 详细信息

可靠的种群密度数据对野生动物的保护和管理十分重要。豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)是中国分布最广且常见的猫科动物,但野生种群密度估算的研究并不多。本研究于2020年6月至2021年5月在香港新界嘉道理农场暨植物园开展红外相机调查,利用空间标记-重捕法估算当地豹猫的种群密度并用核密度估计方法分析其活动节律。本次调查以网格方式布置红外相机,在约1.5 km^(2)的研究范围之内设置了19个相机位点,每个位点安装2台相机以获取豹猫身体两侧花纹来进行个体识别。连续12个月调查共捕获113次有效的豹猫拍摄事件,当中仅61次事件的照片足够清晰以进行个体识别。基于种群封闭的要求,我们以2个月为单位将12个月的数据分为6个采样期去分析豹猫种群密度,结果显示仅两个采样期的估算值最为准确,分别为0.64±0.31(0.26–1.55)只/km^(2)和0.87±0.48(0.31–2.40)只/km^(2),是已知全球豹猫密度最高的地点之一。结果还发现,雨季研究地点的豹猫并无明显的日活动节律,在旱季则偏夜行-晨昏行性多一些,但也有一定的日间活动;雨季和旱季的日活动节律无显著差异。本研究是首次以个体识别配以空间标记-重捕模型对中国大陆地区豹猫种群密度调查的研究;我们也提出一些关于红外相机架设方法的建议,以提高照片个体识别的准确度并增加重捕次数,最后提高密度估算的准确度。本研究也进一步证明豹猫适应性极强,在活动节律上表现出极高的可塑性,在严格保护下可以恢复健康的种群。

关键词：空间标记-重捕模型种群密度活动节律相机陷阱小型猫科动物食肉目香港

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Hypertonicity:Clinical entities,manifestations and treatment

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World journal of Nephrology 2017年第1期6卷 1-13页

作者： Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos Argyropoulos Todd S Ing Dominic S raj Deepak Malhotra Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Zeid j Khitan Glen H Murata joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas Renal-Electrolyte Division Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA 15260United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States Department of Medicine Strich School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL 60153United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20037United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of ToledoToledoOH 43614-5809United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineJos University Teaching HospitalJosPlateau State 930001Nigeria Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineMarshall University Joan C.EdwardsHuntingtonWV 25701United States Informatics Section Medicine ServiceRaymond G.Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAlbuquerqueNM 78108United States Department of Medicine University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 78108United States Marshall University joan C.Edwards School of Medicine HuntingtonWV 25701United States Section of Nephrology Medicine Service(111C)Raymond G.Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAlbuquerqueNM 78108United States

Hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and is associated with mortality and severe short-term and long-term neurological sequelae. The main clinical syndromes of hypertonicity are hypernatremia and hyperglycemia. Hypernatremia results from relative excess of body sodium over body water. Loss of water in excess of intake, gain of sodium salts in excess of losses or a combination of the two are the main mechanisms of hypernatremia. Hypernatremia can be hypervolemic, euvolemic or hypo-volemic. The management of hypernatremia addresses both a quantitative replacement of water and, if present, sodium defcit, and correction of the underlying pathophysiologic process that led to hypernatremia. Hypertonicity in hyperglycemia has two components, solute gain secondary to glucose accumulation in the extracellular compartment and water loss through hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis in excess of the losses of sodium and potassium. Differentiating between these two components of hypertonicity has major therapeutic implications because the frst component will be reversed simply by normalization of serum glucose concentration while the second component will require hypotonic fuid replacement. An estimate of the magnitude of the relative water deficit secondary to osmotic diuresis is obtainedby the corrected sodium concentration, which representsa calculated value of the serum sodium concentrationthat would result from reduction of the serum glucoseconcentration to a normal level.

关键词： Hypertonicity Hypernatremia Osmotic diuresis Hyperglycemia Water diuresis

On-chip beam rotators,adiabatic mode converters,and waveplates through low-loss waveguides with variable cross-sections

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第8期11卷 1876-1890页

作者： Bangshan Sun Fyodor Morozko Patrick S.Salter Simon Moser Zhikai Pong raj B.Patel Ian A.Walmsley Mohan Wang Adir Hazan Nicolas Barré Alexander jesacher julian Fells Chao He Aviad Katiyi Zhen-Nan Tian Alina Karabchevsky Martin j.Booth Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxfordOX13PJUK School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the NegevP.O.B.653Beer-Sheva8410501Israel Institute of Biomedical Physics Medical University of InnsbruckMüllerstraße 446020InnsbruckAustria Ultrafast Quantum Optics group Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonLondonUK Department of Physics University of OxfordOxfordUK Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies(SAOT) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NürnbergPaul-Gordan-Straße 691052ErlangenGermany State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China

Photonics integrated circuitry would benefit considerably from the ability to arbitrarily control waveguide cross-sections with high precision and low loss,in order to provide more degrees of freedom in manipulating propagating ***,we report a new method for femtosecond laser writing of optical-fiber-compatible glass waveguides,namely spherical phase-induced multicore waveguide(SPIM-WG),which addresses this challenging task with three-dimensional on-chip light *** in the heating regime with high scanning speed,precise deformation of cross-sections is still achievable along the waveguide,with shapes and sizes finely controllable of high resolution in both horizontal and vertical transversal *** observed that these waveguides have high refractive index contrast of 0.017,low propagation loss of 0.14 dB/cm,and very low coupling loss of 0.19 dB coupled from a single-mode ***-WG devices were easily fabricated that were able to perform on-chip beam rotation through varying angles,or manipulate the polarization state of propagating light for target *** also demonstrated SPIM-WG mode converters that provide arbitrary adiabatic mode conversion with high efficiency between symmetric and asymmetric nonuniform modes;examples include circular,elliptical modes,and asymmetric modes from ppKTP(periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate)waveguides which are generally applied in frequency conversion and quantum light *** inside optical glass,these waveguides and devices have the capability to operate across ultra-broad bands from visible to infrared *** compatibility with optical fiber also paves the way toward packaged photonic integrated circuitry,which usually needs input and output fiber connections.

关键词： waveguide waveguides polarization

Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice

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World journal of Nephrology 2018年第1期7卷 1-28页

作者： Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid j Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineJoan Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWV 25701United States Division of Renal and Electrolyte Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA 15260United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo School of MedicineToledoOH 43614-5809United States Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension Department of MedicineGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20037United States Division of Nephology Department of MedicineJos University Medical CenterJosPlateau State 930001Nigeria Research Service Raymond G Murphy VA Medical Center and University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87108United States 不详

The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illne

关键词： Body fluids Body water Extracellular volume Hypertonicity Hypotonicity Congestive heart failure Hepatic cirrhosis Sepsis Nephrotic syndrome

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AYLESFORD新闻纸厂——生产综述

AYLESFORD新闻纸厂——生产综述