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bite me： blue tails as a ＇risky-decoy＇ defense tactic for lizards

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Current Zoology 2014年第3期60卷 333-337页

作者： R W. bATEMAN R A. fleming b. ROLEK Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University Bentley Perth WA 6845 Australia Archbold biological Station Lake Placid E O Box 2057 Lake Placid FL 33862 USA School of Veterinary and biomedical Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Perth WA 6150 Australia Department of Wildlife biology University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA

Many lizard species use caudal autotomy to escape entrapment. Conspicuous coloration may increase the likelihood of being attacked, but if that attack can be directed towards the autotomous tail this may ultimately increase the chances of the lizard surviving a predatory attack. We tested the hypothesis that brightly-colored tails function to divert predatory attention away from the head and body using pairs of blue-tailed and all-brown clay model lizards. Predatory bird attacks on the 24 blue-tailed models occurred sooner （P = 0.001） than attacks on the 24 all-brown models, and over 7 days blue-tailed models were attacked more often than all-brown models （P = 0.007）. blue-tailed models were, however, more frequently attacked on the tail than other parts of the body （P 〈 0.001）, while all-brown models were more frequently attacked on the head and body （P = 0.019） which would be more likely to be fatal for a real lizard. Our results suggest that models with a blue tail were more conspicuous than all-brown models, attracting attacks sooner and more often, but that the attacks were predominantly directed at the tail. It is better for individuals to be attacked unsuccessfully many times, than successfully just once. Having a brightly-colored tail may, therefore, act as a ＇risky decoy＇. Despite increased conspicuousness, a blue tail increases the likelihood that the lizard would be able to effect escape through caudal autotomy rather than being grabbed by the head or body [Current Zoology 60 （3）： 333-337, 2014].

关键词： Autotomy Skink Predation Ontogeny Dichromatism

Small extrachromosomal circular DNA in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis matter

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1411-1413页

作者： Marcos j.Arauzo-bravo Daniela Gerovska Matthias Schwab Alexandra Kretz Computational biology and Systems biomedicine Biodonostia Health Research InstituteSan SebastianSpain basque Foundation for Science IKERBASQUEBilbaoSpainMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineComputational Biology and Bioinformatics GroupMünsterNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany Department of Cell biology and Histology Faculty of Medicine and NursingUniversity of Basque Country(UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain Department of Neurology Jena University HospitalJenaThuringiaGermany

Comprehensive studies identify motor neuron spectrum disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)as globally rising fatal disorders with the highest prevalence in aging populations,influenced by ethnicity and ancestry(GbD 2016 Motor Neuron Disease Colla borators,2018).While~10% of diagnoses involve a family history(fALS),most cases are considered sporadic(sALS).However,population-based studies suggest that even cases without a common index mutation impart heritability(Ryan et al.,2019),indicating a crucial role of rare and as yet unknown genetic denominators.

关键词： amyotrophic sclerosis

Maximizing biomass utilization: An integrated strategy for coproducing multiple chemicals

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 180-191页

作者： byeongchan Ahn Sua jo jonggeol Na j.jay Liu Young-ju Kim Wangyun Won Department of Chemical and biological Engineering Korea University Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated process) Kyung Hee University Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University Department of Chemical Engineering Pukyong National University Resources Engineering Plant Research Department Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol（1,6-HDO） with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy b, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments（LCAs）.Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically（USRDSCHARDOLLAR3,402/ton） and environmentally（-26.9 kg CO2eq.）. This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.

关键词： Carbon capture and utilization

Combinatorial therapies for spinal cord injury repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1293-1308页

作者： Carla S.Sousa Andreia Monteiro António j.Salgado Nuno A.Silva Life and Health Sciences Research Institute(ICVS) School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal ICVS/3b’s Associate Lab PT Government Associated LabCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal

Spinal cord injuries have profound detrimental effects on individuals, regardless of whether they are caused by trauma or non-traumatic events. The compromised regeneration of the spinal cord is primarily attributed to damaged neurons, inhibitory molecules, dysfunctional immune response, and glial scarring. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective treatments available that can fully repair the spinal cord and improve functional outcomes. Nevertheless, numerous pre-clinical approaches have been studied for spinal cord injury recovery, including using biomaterials, cells, drugs, or technological-based strategies. Combinatorial treatments, which target various aspects of spinal cord injury pathophysiology, have been extensively tested in the last decade. These approaches aim to synergistically enhance repair processes by addressing various obstacles faced during spinal cord regeneration. Thus, this review intends to provide scientists and clinicians with an overview of pre-clinical combinatorial approaches that have been developed toward the solution of spinal cord regeneration as well as update the current knowledge about spinal cord injury pathophysiology with an emphasis on the current clinical management.

关键词： electric stimulation neural tissue regeneration neuroprotection polytherapy spinal cord injury

NONLINEAR FREE SURFACE ACTION WITH AN ARRAY OF VERTICAL CYLINDERS

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2004年第3期20卷 247-262页

作者： HUANG j.b. Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordUK

Nonlinear diffraction of regular waves by an array of bottom-seated circular cylindersis investigated in frequency domain,based on a Stokes expansion approach.A complete semi-analyticalsolution is developed which allows an efficient evaluation of the second-order potentials in the entirefluid domain,and the wave forces on the *** are derived for the second-orderpotential in the vicinity of individual *** expressions have a simple form,thus providingan effective means for investigating the wave enhancement due to nonlinear interactions with *** on the present method,the wave run-up and free-surface elevations around an arrayof two,three and four cylinders are investigated numerically.

关键词： nonlinear wave diffraction water waves frequency analysis semi-analytical method

Solubility and thermodynamics of lamotrigine in ternary mixtures of ionic liquids([OMIm][br]+[HMIm][br]+water)at different temperatures

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Chinese journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第1期28卷 198-207页

作者： Mohammad barzegar-jalali Abolghasem jouyban fleming Martinez Hemayat Shekaari Seyyedeh Narjes Mirheydari Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Faculty of Pharmacy Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan(KIPA)Science-based Company Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Grupo de Investigaciones Farmacéutico-Fisicoquímicas Departamento de FarmaciaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional de Colombia–Sede BogotáCra.30 No.45-03BogotáD.C.Colombia Department of Physical Chemistry Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran

Experimental mole fraction solubility of lamotrigine(LTG)in ternary aqueous mixtures of two ionic liquids(ILs),1-hexyl and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide,[HMIm][br]and[OMIm][br]were reported at several temperatures T=(293.15 to 313.15)*** van’t Hoff and(jouyban-Acree-van’t Hoff,E-jouyban-Acree-van’t Hoff,e-NRTL,UNIQUAC and Wilson)models were used to correlate the solubility *** comparison of the models with temperature and solvent composition dependencies shows that the Wilson model has the minimum ARD which are relatively close to those obtained from jouyban-Acree-van’t Hoff and E-jouyban-Acree-van’t Hoff models and maximum ARD belonged to the UNIQUAC *** order of ARDs for these models is:Wilson b jouyban-Acree-van’t Hoff,E-jouyban-Acree-van’t Hoff b e-NRTL b ***,the apparent thermodynamic functions,Gibbs free energy,enthalpy and entropy of dissolution and mixing were calculated based on the van’t Hoff and Gibbs free energy *** strong LTG-ILs interactions and enthalpic contribution of the dissolution process resulted from the calculated thermodynamic functions.

关键词： Solubility Lamotrigine [OMIm][br] [HMIm][br] UNIQUAC Thermodynamic functions

Irreversibility investigation of Casson fluid flow in an inclined channel subject to a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium:a numerical study

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2021年第1期42卷 95-108页

作者： A.ROjA b.j.GIREESHA b.NAGARAjA Department of PG Studies and Research in Mathematics Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghattaShimoga 577451KarnatakaIndia

The heat transfer and entropy generation characteristics of the magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow through an inclined microchannel with convective boundary conditions are ***,the effects of the viscous forces,joule heating,heat source/sink,and radiation on the flow are taken into *** non-dimensional transformations are used to solve the governing ***,the reduced system is resolved by the fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method along with the shooting *** effects of different physical parameters on the heat transfer and entropy generation are discussed in detail through *** the perspective of numerical results,it is recognized that the production of entropy can be improved with the joule heating,viscous dissipation,and convective heating *** is concluded that the production of entropy is the maximum with increases in the Casson parameter,the angle of inclination,and the Hartmann *** the Reynolds number and the radiation parameter cause the dual impact on entropy generation.

关键词： inclined channel Casson fluid magnetism radiation entropy generation bejan number

Optimization of heat transfer in the thermal Marangoni convective flow of a hybrid nanomaterial with sensitivity analysis

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2021年第11期42卷 1663-1674页

作者： j.MACKOLIL b.MAHANTHESH Centre for Mathematical Needs Department of MathematicsCHRIST(Deemed to be University)Bengaluru 560029KarnatakaIndia

The heat transfer rate of the thermal Marangoni convective flow of a hybrid nanomaterial is optimized by using the response surface methodology(RSM).The thermal phenomenon is modeled in the presence of a variable inclined magnetic field,thermal radiation,and an exponential heat *** estimated values of the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the hybrid nanomaterial are utilized in the *** governing intricate nonlinear problem is treated numerically,and a parametric analysis is carried out by using graphical visualizations.A finite difference-based numerical scheme is utilized in conjunction with the 4-stage Lobatto IIIa formula to solve the nonlinear governing *** interactive effects of the pertinent parameters on the heat transfer rate are presented by plotting the response surfaces and the contours obtained from the *** mono and hybrid nanomaterial flow fields are *** hybrid nanomaterial possesses enhanced thermal fields for nanoparticle volume fractions less than 2%.The irregular heat source and the thermal radiation enhance the temperature *** high level of the thermal radiation and the low levels of the exponential heat source and the angle of inclination(of the magnetic field)lead to the optimized heat transfer rate(Nux=7.46275).

关键词： inclined magnetic field Marangoni boundary layer flow sensitivity analysis hybrid nanofluid exponential heat source response surface methodology(RSM)

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Applied Mathematics(A journal of Chinese Universities) 2019年第2期34卷 229-252页

作者： j Dhivya b Sridevi Department of Mathematics Kumaraguru College of TechnologyCoimbatoreTamil NaduIndia Department of Mathematics PSG College of TechnologyCoimbatoreTamil NaduIndia

Similarity measure is an essential tool to compare and determine the degree of similarity between intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs). In this paper, a new similarity measure between intuitionistic fuzzy sets based on the mid points of transformed triangular fuzzy numbers is proposed. The proposed similarity measure provides reasonable results not only for the sets available in the literature but also gives very reasonable results, especially for fuzzy sets as well as for most intuitionistic fuzzy sets. To provide supportive evidence, the proposed similarity measure is tested on certain sets available in literature and is also applied to pattern recognition and medical diagnosis problems. It is observed that the proposed similarity measure provides a very intuitive quantification.

关键词： Fuzzy sets (FSs) Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) Most intuitionistic fuzzy sets (MIFSs) Simi- larity measure (SM) Transformed triangular fuzzy numbers (TTFNs)