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在女性健康研究认知队列中小剂量阿司匹林与认知功能之间的关系

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2007年第10期3卷 10-11页

作者： cook N. Manson j. 刘少伟

目的:确定小剂量阿司匹林对年龄≥65岁的女性是否具有针对认知功能减退的保护作用。设计:此队列研究基于女性健康研究的全部两个分组。女性健康研究是一项随机化、双盲、安慰剂对照试验,探索在1992—1995年间小剂量阿司匹林用于心血管... 详细信息

目的:确定小剂量阿司匹林对年龄≥65岁的女性是否具有针对认知功能减退的保护作用。设计:此队列研究基于女性健康研究的全部两个分组。女性健康研究是一项随机化、双盲、安慰剂对照试验,探索在1992—1995年间小剂量阿司匹林用于心血管疾病和癌症一级预防的作用。受试者:6377例年龄≥65岁的女性。

关键词：认知功能小剂量阿司匹林女性健康

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外语教学的内容应当是什么?

国外外语教学 1985年第1期 1-3页

作者： V.j.cook 黄源深英

近十年来,在英语教学领域中,人们对教学大纲展开了广泛讨论。同时,对那种让学生在课堂内积极进行交际活动的所谓“交际法”的讨论,也有增无减。相对而言,对语言课的题材、内容却很少讨论。本文试图探讨内容选择方面的某些问题。虚构的... 详细信息

近十年来,在英语教学领域中,人们对教学大纲展开了广泛讨论。同时,对那种让学生在课堂内积极进行交际活动的所谓“交际法”的讨论,也有增无减。相对而言,对语言课的题材、内容却很少讨论。本文试图探讨内容选择方面的某些问题。虚构的内容与真实的内容内容问题之所以没有被展开更多的讨论,原因之一是,在内容的选择上存在着想当然的做法。目前有一个典型的普通课程,其内容为一些虚构人物的

关键词：外语教学语言学习语言课学语言英美文化语言教师语言教学现在完成时自我发展国际语言

维生素E在妇女心血管病和癌症中的初级预防作用:一项随机对照试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 1-2页

作者： LeeI.-M. cook N.r. Gaziano j.M. 谢琰臣 Dr.Brigham and Women's Hospital 900 Com-monwealth Ave E Boston MA 02215 United States

Context: Basic research provides plausible mechanisms and observational studies suggest that apparently healthy persons, who self-select for high intakes of vitamin E through diet or supplements, have decreased risks of cardiovascular disease and cancer. randomized trials do not generally support benefits of vitamin E, but there are few trials of long duration among initially healthy persons. Objective: To test whether vitamin E supplementation decreases risks of cardiovascular disease and cancer among healthy women. Design, Setting, and Participants: In the Women’s Health Study conducted between 1992 and 2004, 39 876 apparently healthy US women aged at least 45 years were randomly assigned to receive vitamin E or placebo and aspirin or placebo, using a 2×2 factorial design, ane were followed up for an average of 10.1 years. Intervention: Administration of 600 IU of natural-source vitamin E on alternate days. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes were a composite end point of first maj.r.cardiovascular event (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death) and total invasive cancer. results: During follow-up, there were 482 maj.r.cardiovascular events in the vitamin E group and 517 in the placebo group, a nonsignificant 7%risk reduction (relative risk [rr], 0.93; 95%confidence interval [CI], 0.82-1.05; P=.26). There were no significant effects on the incidences of myocardial infarction (rr, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.82-1.23; P=.96) or stroke (rr, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.82-1.17; P=.82), as well as ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. For cardiovascular death, there was a significant 24%reduction (rr, 0.76; 95%CI, 0.59-0.98; P=.03). There was no significant effect on the incidences of total cancer (1437 cases in the vitamin E group and 1428 in the placebo group; rr, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.94-1.08; P=.87) or breast (rr, 1.00; 95%CI, 0.90-1.12; P=.95), lung (rr, 1.09; 95%CI, 0.83-1.44; P=.52), or colon cancers (rr, 1.00; 95%CI, 0.77-1.31; P=.99). Cancer deaths also did not

关键词：初级预防随机对照试验心血管病析因设计安慰剂非致死性复合终点观察性研究总体死亡率出血性卒中

磷、磷块岩与前寒武纪-寒武纪交界时期生物骨骼的演化

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地球与环境 1987年第2期 31-36页

作者： P.j.cook ,j.H.Shergold ,王建斌青海省委组织部青年干部处

前寒武纪-寒武纪交界时期发生的从软体动物到介壳动物的变化,是地质记录中最引人注目、最重要而又了解最少的事件之一。关于这一事件(通常被称为寒武纪生物激增或寒武纪辐射(radiation)事件)的起因,一直是众多推测的对象。可能的解释包... 详细信息

前寒武纪-寒武纪交界时期发生的从软体动物到介壳动物的变化,是地质记录中最引人注目、最重要而又了解最少的事件之一。关于这一事件(通常被称为寒武纪生物激增或寒武纪辐射(radiation)事件)的起因,一直是众多推测的对象。可能的解释包括:大气氧含量达到临界水平或大气中二氧化碳浓度降低;由于世界范围的海侵形成了新的浅海生态环境;由

关键词：寒武系晚元古代矿化洋流上涌新元古代无机化寒武纪磷块岩磷质岩矿石

女性健康研究:一项关于维生素E在心血管疾病和癌症初级预防中作用的随机对照试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第12期1卷 20-21页

作者： Lee I. -M. cook N. r. Gaziano j. M. 杜媛 Brigham and Women's Hospital 900 Commonwealth Ave E Boston MA 02215 United States

Context: Basic research provides plausible mechanisms and observational studies suggest that apparently healthy persons, who self-select for high intakes of vitamin E through diet or supplements, have decreased risks of cardiovascular disease and cancer. randomized trials do not generally support benefits of vitamin E, but there are few trials of long duration among initially healthy persons. Objective: To test whether vitamin E supplementation decreases risks of cardiovascular disease and cancer among healthy women. Design, Setting, and Participants: In the Women’s Health Study conducted between 1992 and 2004, 39 876 apparently healthy US women aged at least 45 years were randomly assigned to receive vitamin E or placebo and aspirin or placebo, using a 2×2 factorial design, and were followed up for an average of 10.1 years. Intervention: Administration of 600 IU of natural-source vitamin E on alternate days. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes were a composite end point of first maj.r.cardiovascular event(nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death) and total invasive cancer. results: During follow-up, there were 482 maj.r.cardiovascular events in the vitamin E group and 517 in the placebo group, a nonsignificant 7%risk reduction(relative risk[rr], 0.93; 95%confidence interval[CI], 0.82-1.05; P=.26). There were no significant effects on the incidences of myocardial infarction(rr, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.82-1.23; P=.96) or stroke(rr, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.82-1.17; P=.82), as well as ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. For cardiovascular death, there was a significant 24%reduction(rr, 0.76; 95%CI, 0.59-0.98; P=.03). There was no significant effect on the incidences of total cancer(1437 cases in the vitamin E group and 1428 in the placebo group; rr, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.94-1.08; P=.87) or breast(rr, 1.00; 95%CI, 0.90-1.12; P=.95), lung(rr, 1.09; 95%CI, 0.83-1.44; P=.52), or colon cancers(rr, 1.00; 95%CI, 0.77-1.31; P=.99). Cancer deaths also did not differ sign

关键词：初级预防女性健康随机对照试验心血管疾病析因设计安慰剂非致死性心血管事件出血性脑卒中联合终点

女性整体心血管风险的改良评估方法的确立和验证:reynolds风险评分

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2007年第8期3卷 3-4页

作者： ridker P.M. Buring j.E. rifai N. cook N.r. 刘少伟 Dr.Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Brigham and Women' s Hospital 900 Commonwealth Ave E Boston MA 02215 United States

背景:虽然对动脉粥样硬化的认识有所深入,但预测女性心血管事件的方法在很大程度上仍依赖于传统的危险因素。目的:基于大量的传统和新型危险因素确立预测女性心血管事件风险的方法并进行验证。设计、机构和参与者:对24558例最初健康且... 详细信息

背景:虽然对动脉粥样硬化的认识有所深入,但预测女性心血管事件的方法在很大程度上仍依赖于传统的危险因素。目的:基于大量的传统和新型危险因素确立预测女性心血管事件风险的方法并进行验证。设计、机构和参与者:对24558例最初健康且年龄≥45岁的美国女性进行中位时间10.2年(至2004年3月)的随访,评估35个因素对新发心血管事件(经判定的心肌梗死、缺血性卒中、冠状动脉血运重建和心血管死亡联合终点)的预测作用。

关键词：心血管风险心血管事件联合终点 reynolds 缺血性卒中美国女性协变量率更总胆固醇患

女性健康研究:一项关于小剂量阿司匹林在癌症初级预防中作用的随机对照试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第12期1卷 19-20页

作者： cook N. r. Lee I. -M. Gaziano j. M. 杜媛 Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 900 Commonwealth Ave E Boston MA 02215 United States

Context: Basic research and observational evidence as well as results from trials of colon polyp recurrence suggest a role for aspirin in the chemoprevention of cancer. Objective: To examine the effect of aspirin on the risk of cancer among healthy women. Design, Setting, and Participants: In the Women’s Health Study, a randomized 2×2 factorial trial of aspirin and vitamin E conducted between September 1992 and March 2004, 39 876 US women aged at least 45 years and initially without previous history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or other maj.r.chronic illness were randomly assigned to receive either aspirin or aspirin placebo and followed up for an average of 10.1 years. Intervention: A dose of 100 mg of aspirin(n=19 934) or aspirin placebo(n=19 942) administered every other day. Main Outcome Measures: Confirmed newly diagnosed invasive cancer at any site, except for nonmelanoma skin cancer. Incidence of breast, colorectal, and lung cancer were secondary end points. results: No effect of aspirin was observed on total cancer(n=2865; relative risk[rr], 1.01; 95%confidence interval[CI], 0.94-1.08; P=.87), breast cancer(n=1230; rr, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.87-1.09; P=.68), colorectal cancer(n=269; rr, 0.97; 95%CI, 0.77-1.24; P=.83), or cancer of any other site, with the exception of lung cancer for which there was a trend toward reduction in risk(n=205; rr, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.59-1.03; P=.08). There was also no reduction in cancer mortality either overall(n=583; rr, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.81-1.11; P=.51) or by site, except for lung cancer mortality(n=140; rr, 0.70; 95%CI, 0.50-0.99; P=.04). No evidence of differential effects of aspirin by follow-up time or interaction with vitamin E was found. Conclusions: results from this large-scale, long-term trial suggest that alternate day use of low-dose aspirin(100 mg) for an average 10 years of treatment does not lower risk of total, breast, colorectal, or other site-specific cancers. A protective effect on lung cancer or a benefit of higher do

关键词：初级预防女性健康随机对照试验结肠直肠癌疾病病史肺癌死亡率次要终点非黑色素皮肤癌结肠息肉药物预防

对随机波浪作用下单桩平台动力反应的测量和估算

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世界地震工程 1983年第6期 182-189页

作者： Michael F.cook j.kim Vandiver 杨国金

引言在疲劳寿命的估算中,对深水结构的动力反应的了解是很关键的。对自振周期超过三秒的小阻尼自振振型的结构尤其是这样。只有很少这样的结构,即在大多数海况条件下呈线性反应,并有足够简单的外形,因而能对它在定向传播的随机海浪中的... 详细信息

引言在疲劳寿命的估算中,对深水结构的动力反应的了解是很关键的。对自振周期超过三秒的小阻尼自振振型的结构尤其是这样。只有很少这样的结构,即在大多数海况条件下呈线性反应,并有足够简单的外形,因而能对它在定向传播的随机海浪中的动力反应

关键词：振型位移阻尼比动力反应动力响应单桩方程疲劳寿命估算动力有限元模型动水阻尼计算方法自振频率固有频率均方根