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Event-Based Semantics of UML 2.X Concurrent Sequence Diagrams for Formal Verification

journal of Computer Science & Technology 2022年第1期37卷 4-28页

作者： Inès Mouakher Fatma Dhaou j.christian attiogbé Faculty of Sciences of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar1068TunisTunisia Institute of Technology University of Nantes44322NantesFrance

UML 2.X sequence diagrams(SD)are among privileged scenarios-based approaches dealing with the complexity of modeling the behaviors of some current ***,there are several issues related to the standard semantics of UML 2.X SD proposed by the Object Management Group(OMG).They mainly concern ambiguities of the interpretation of SDs,and the computation of causal relations between events which is not specifically laid ***,SD is a semi-formal language,and it does not support the verification of the modeled *** justifies the considerable number of research studies intending to define formal semantics of UML *** proposed in our previous work semantics covering the most popular combined fragments(CF)of control-flow ALT,OPT,LOOP and SEQ,allowing to model alternative,optional,iterative and sequential behaviors *** proposed semantics is based on partial order theory relations that permit the computation of the precedence relations between the events of an SD with nested *** also addressed the issue of the evaluation of the interaction constraint(guard)for guarded CFs,and the related synchronization *** this paper,we first extend our semantics,proposed in our previous work;indeed,we propose new rules for the computation of causal relations for SD with PAR and STRICT CFs(dedicated to modeling concurrent and strict behaviors respectively)as well as their ***,we propose a transformational semantics in *** modeling approach emphasizes computation of causal relations,guard handling and transformational semantics into *** transformation of UML 2.X SD into the formal method Event-B allows us to perform several kinds of verification including simulation,trace acceptance,verification of properties,and verification of refinement relation between SDs.

关键词： UML 2.X sequence diagram formal semantics nested combined fragment partial order theory Event-B

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Can active late-type stars contribute to the Galactic lithium abundance?

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第7期20卷 127-133页

作者： Darnell E.Kelly Damian j.christian Mihalis Mathioudakis Darko jevremovi′c Department of Physics and Astronomy California State UniversityNorthridgeCA 91330-8268USA Astrophysics Research Centre School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUK Astronomical Observatory Volgina 711060 BelgradeSerbia

Lithium abundances in our Galaxy and especially 6 Li abundances provide important constraints on our understanding of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis(BBNS),stellar evolution and the creation of light elements by cosmic rays in the ISM.~6 Li has been detected in energetic solar events,one chromospherically active binary and several dwarf halo *** our work on active late-type stars with high lithium abundances,we expand our study to consider if the flare origin of lithium created by spallation can contribute significantly to the Galactic abundance of *** previously derived ~6 Li/~7 Li=0.030 ± 0.010 for active K dwarf Gj 117 using VLT UVES *** find^6 Li/~7 Li ratios of 0.02 and 0.10 for two other stars in our sample,Gj 182 and EUVE j1145-55.3 A,*** that these later type,active stars have significant flare rates and stellar winds,we have estimated the contribution of these stars to the Galactic lithium *** that K and M stars comprise over 84% of our Galaxy and that many of these can have significant stellar winds,we conclude that spallation in stellar flares can contribute 1% and up to 5% of the Galactic lithium abundance.

关键词： stars:abundances stars:activity Galaxy:abundances

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Multi-wavelength observations of the 2014 june 11 M3.9 flare: temporal and spatial characteristics

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第7期19卷 123-132页

作者： Damian j.christian David Kuridze David B.jess Menoa Yousefi Mihalis Mathioudakis Department of Physics and Astronomy California State University NorthridgeNorthridgeCA 91330USA Institute of Mathematics Physics and Computer ScienceAberystwyth UniversityCeredigionCymruSY23 3UK Astrophysics Research Center School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen's University BelfastBelfast BT7 INNUK

We present multi-wavelength observations of an M-class flare(M3.9) that occurred on 2014 june *** observations were conducted with the Dunn Solar Telescope(DST),employing adaptive optics,the multi-camera system Rapid Oscillations in Solar Atmosphere(ROSA),the new Hydrogen-Alpha Rapid Dynamics camera(HARDcam) in various wavelengths,such as Ca II K,Mg I b2(at 5172.7 A),and Hα narrow band and G-band continuum *** were re-constructed using the Kiepenheuer-Institut Speckle Interferometry Package(KISIP) code,to improve our image *** observed intensity increases of ≈120%–150% in the Mg,Ca K and Hα narrow band filters during the *** increases for the flare observed in the SDO EUV channels were several times larger,and the X-rays,as recorded by GOES,increased over a factor of 30 for the harder *** a modest delay was found between the onset of flare ribbons of a nearby sympathetic flare and the main flare ribbons observed in these narrow band *** peak flare emission occurred within a few seconds for the Ca K,Mg and Hα *** techniques indicate propagation velocities of ≈60 km s^-1 for the main flare ribbon and as high as300 km s^-1 for smaller regions,which we attribute to filament *** result and delays and velocities observed with SDO(≈100 km s^-1) for different coronal heights agree well with the simple model of energy propagation versus height,although a more detailed model for the flaring solar atmosphere is ***,we detected marginal quasi-periodic pulsations(QPPs) in the 40–60 s range for the Ca K,Mg and Hα bands,and such measurements are important for disentangling the detailed flare-physics.

关键词： magnetic reconnection-Sun flares-Sun atmosphere

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The redshift distribution of BL Lacs and FSRQs

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第1期19卷 131-140页

作者： David Garofalo Chandra B.Singh Dylan T.Walsh Damian j.christian Andrew M.jones Alexa Zack Brandt Webster Matthew I.Kim Department of Physics Kennesaw State University The Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Department of Physics & Astronomy California State University Boise State University Computational Science & Engineering

Flat spectrum radio quasars(FSRQs) and BL Lacertae objects(BL Lacs) are powerful jet producing active galactic nuclei associated with supermassive black holes accreting at high and low Eddington rates, respectively. Based on the Millennium Simulation, Gardner & Done have predicted their redshift distribution by appealing to ideas from the spin paradigm in a way that exposes a need for a deeper discussion on three interrelated issues:(1) an overprediction of BL Lacs compared to FSRQs;(2) a difference in FSRQ and BL Lac distributions;(3) a need for powerful but different jets at separated cosmic times. Beginning with Gardner & Done's determination of Fermi observable FSRQs based on the distribution of thermal accretion across cosmic time from the Millennium Simulation, we connect FSRQs to BL Lacs by way of the gap paradigm for black hole accretion and jet formation to address the above issues in a unified way. We identify a physical constraint in the paradigm for the numbers of BL Lacs that naturally leads to separate peaks in time for different albeit powerful jets. In addition, we both identify as puzzling and ascribe physical significance to a tail end in the BL Lac curve versus redshift that is unseen in the redshift distribution for FSRQs.

关键词： black hole physics BL Lacertae objects:general galaxies:ets gamma-rays:galaxies

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通过社区服务组织加强政府对市民的服务

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技术经济与管理研究 1994年第6期 15-16页

作者： j.christian Bollwage,朱关鑫,李富明

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Mitotic Spindle Organization by the Preprophase Band

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Molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 950-960页

作者： j. christian Ambrose Richard Cyr The Pennsylvania State University Department of Biology The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Integrative Biosciences Graduate Degree Program PlantPhysiology Program University Park PA 16802 USA Present address: Department of Botany University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada

In higher plants, the preprophase band （PPB） of microtubules （MTs） forecasts the cell division site prior to mitosis and specifies the organization of MTs into a bipolar prophase spindle surrounding the nucleus. However, the mechanisms governing this PPB-dependent establishment of bipolarity are unclear. Here, we present evidence from live cell imaging studies that suggest a role for the MTs bridging the PPB and the prophase nucleus in mediating this function. Results from drug treatments, along with genetic evidence from null kinesin plants, suggest that these MTs contribute to the bipolarity, orientation, and position of the prophase spindle. Specifically, the absence of these bridge MTs is associated with lack of bipolarity, while non-uniform distributions of bridge MTs correlate with prophase spindle migration, deformation, and enhanced bipolarity toward the region of highest bridge MT density. This behavior does not require actomyosin-based forces, and is enhanced by suppressing MT dynamics with taxol. These observations occur during late prophase, and are coincident with the gradual closing of annular spindle poles. Based on these data, we describe a hypothetical mechanism for bridge MT-dependent organization of prophase spindles.

关键词： preprophase band mitosis acentrosomal spindle microtubule kinesin ATK5 cytokinesis.

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Tracing the failing heart: dual genetic fate mapping for target identification

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第9期8卷 3880-3882页

作者： Yaw Asare christian Stoppe jürgen Bernhagen Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research(ISD) Klinikum der Universität München(KUM)Ludwig-Maximilian-University(LMU)81377 MunichGermany Department of Anesthesiology Intensive CareEmergency and Pain MedicineUniversity Hospital Würzburg97080 WürzburgGermany Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine German Heart Center CharitéBerlin13353 BerlinGermany Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology 81377 MunichGermany Munich Heart Alliance 80802 MunichGermany

In a recent study published in Nature Genetics,1 Han and colleagues employed a dual genetic lineage tracing approach in combination with a model of heart failure(HF)to identify a key sub-population of endocardium-derived fibroblasts,which gives rise to excessive myofibroblast formation in a Wnt pathway-mediated manner and contributes to cardiac fibrosis.1 The identified fibroblast sub-population and Wnt signaling pathway could be novel targets for the therapy of *** in risk management and cardiovascular inter-vention have significantly reduced age-specific cardiovascular disease-related *** contrast,the rate of HF-related hospitalisations has increased over the past decades and HF is a disease with highest social and economic cost in industrialized *** is defined as impairment of the heart’s blood pumping function and its severity is assessed based on ejection *** often occurs after myocardial infarction(MI),with infarct size and quality of ventricular remodeling after MI influencing ventricular *** of HF also include hypertension,atrial fibrillation,and cardiomyopathies(Fig.1).Especially elderly patients with recurrent MI and comorbidities are increasingly presenting with signs of HF.

关键词： cardiovascular ventricular mortality

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Comparison of ultrasound-measured properties of the common carotid artery to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of Indonesian patients

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第3期8卷 177-183页

作者： Allen R.Yu Bima Hasjim Luke E.Yu Christopher Gabriel Alexander Anshus jonathan B.Lee Michael j. Louthan Esther C.Kim Katrina Lee Christina Tse Thomas Keown Shadi Lahham Maili Alvarado Steven Bunch Abdulatif Gari j.christian Fox School of Medicine University of California Department of Emergency Medicine University of California

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to use point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the characteristics of the common carotid artery(CCA). The effect of both primary and secondary smoking on CCA properties was ***: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study across 20 primary care clinics in Bandung, West java, Indonesia in july 2016. Point of care ultrasound was performed on a convenience sample of Indonesian patients presenting to clinic. The CCA wall stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT) were measured during diastole and systole. These measurements were correlated with smoke exposure and cardiovascular ***: We enrolled 663 patients in the study, with 426 patients enrolled in the smoking category and 237 patients enrolled in the second-hand smoke category. There was an overall positive correlation with the measured lifestyle factors and the ultrasound-measured variables in the group of individuals who smoked. For all variables, age seemed to contribute the most out of all of the lifestyle factors for the positive changes in CIMT and CCA wall ***: Our data yielded correlations between CCA properties and cardiovascular risk, as well as between CIMT and arterial stiffness. We were also able to demonstrate an increase in thickness of the CIMT in patients who have been exposed by tobacco through the use of ultrasound. Further large scale studies comparing patients with multiple cardiac risk factors need to be performed to confi rm the utility of ultrasound fi ndings of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

关键词： Carotid artery thickness Point of care ultrasound Indonesia Intimal thickness

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The WRKY Gene Family in Rice （Oryza sativa）

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第6期49卷 827-842页

作者： christian A. Ross Yue Liu Qingxi j. Shen Bioinformatics Core School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las Vegas Nevada 89154 USA

WRKYgenee encode transcription factors that are Involved In the regulation of various biological processes. These zinc-finger proteins, especially those members mediating stress responses, are uniquely expanded In plants. To facilitate the study of the evolutionary history and functions of this eupergene family, we performed an exhaustive search for WRKY genes using HMMER and a Hidden Markov Model that was specifically trained for rice. This work resulted In a comprehensive list of WRKYgene models In Oryza sativa L. eep. indica and L. eep. japonica. Mapping of these genes to Individual chromosomes facilitated elimination of the redundant, leading to the Identification of 98 WRKYgenee In japonica and 102 In indica rice. These genes were further categorized according to the number and structure of their zinc-finger domains. Based on a phylogenetlc tree of the conserved WRKY domains and the graphic display of WRKY loci on corresponding indica and japonica chromosomes, we Identified possible WRKY gene duplications within, and losses between the two closely related rice subspecies. Also reviewed are the roles of WRKY genes In disease resistance and responses to salicylic acid and jaemonlc acid, seed development and germination mediated by glbberelllns, other developmental processes Including senescence, and responses to ablotlc stresses and abeclelc acid In rice and other plants. The signaling pathways mediating WRKY gene expreeelon are also discussed.

关键词： gene family indica japonica Oryza sativa rice WRKY.

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Growth and form of Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior respond distinctly different to initial growing space: results from 24-year-old Nelder experiments

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journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 1-14页

作者： christian Kuehne Patrick Pyttel Edgar Kublin jürgen Bauhus Institute of Silviculture University of FreiburgD-79085 Freiburg i.Br.Germany. Faculty of Forests and Forestry University of Applied Sciences Wei- henstephan-TriesdorfHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 3D-85354 FreisingGermany Department of Biometry and Informatics Forest Research Station Baden-WürttembergPostfach 708D-79007 FreiburgGermany

Initial growing space is of critical importance to growth and quality development of individual trees. We investigated how mortality, growth （diameter at breast height, total height）, natural pruning （height to first dead and first live branch and branchiness） and stem and crown form of 24-year-old pedunculate oak （Quercus robur [L.]） and European ash （Fraxinus excelsior [L.]） were affected by initial spacing. Data were recorded from two replicate single-species Nelder wheels located in southern Germany with eight initial stocking regimes varying from 1,020 to 30,780 seedlings·ha？1. Mortality substantially decreased with increasing initial growing space but significantly differed among the two species, averaging 59% and 15% for oak and ash plots, respectively. In contrast to oak, the low self-thinning rate found in the ash plots over the investigated study period resulted in a high number of smaller intermediate or suppressed trees, eventually retarding individual tree as well as overall stand development. As a result, oak gained greater stem dimensions throughout all initial spacing regimes and the average height of ash significantly increased with initial growing space. The survival of lower crown class ashes also appeared to accelerate self-pruning dynamics. In comparison to oak, we observed less dead and live primary branches as well as a smaller number of epicormic shoots along the first 6 m of the lower stem of dominant and co-dominant ashes in all spacing regimes. Whereas stem form of both species was hardly affected by initial growing space, the percentage of brushy crowns significantly increased with initial spacing in oak and ash. Our findings suggest that initial stockings of ca. 12,000 seedlings per hectare in oak and 2,500 seedlings per hectare in ash will guarantee a sufficient number of at least 300 potential crop trees per hectare in pure oak and ash plantations at the end of the self-thinning phase, respectively. If the problem of epicormic shoots a

关键词： spacing trial stocking self-thinning intraspecific competition qualification spatially explicit modelling generalized additive model

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