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code modernization and modularization of APEX and SWAT watershed simulation models

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International journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 81-94页

作者： Robin A.j.Taylor jaehak jeong Michael White jeffrey G.arnold Blackland Research&Extension center Texas A&M AgriLife ResearchTempleTexas 76502USA Grassland Soil&Water Research Laboratory USDA-ARS TempleTexas 76502USA

SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)and APEX(Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender)are respectively large and small watershed simulation models derived from EPIc(Environmental Policy Integrated climate),a field-scale agroecology simulation *** three models are coded in Fortran and have evolved over several *** are widely used to analyze anthropogenic influences on soil and water quality and *** of the original Fortran code has been retained even though Fortran has been through several cycles of *** now provides functionality originally restricted to languages like c,designed to communicate directly with the operating system and *** can now use an object-oriented style of programming in Fortran,including inheritance,run-time polymorphism and *** order to enhance their utility in research and policy-making,the models are undergoing a major revision to use some of the new Fortran *** these new programming paradigms the developers of SWAT,APEX,and EPIc are working to make communication between the two models *** paper describes the ongoing revision of these models that will make them easier to use,maintain,modify and *** is intended that they will converge as they continue to evolution,while maintaining their distinctive features,capabilities and identities.

关键词： code modernization modularization object-oriented programming Fortran 2008 landscape-scale models APEX EPIc SWAT

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon j.Brown Rafael j.Yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

The transcription factor RelB restrains group 2 innate lymphoid cells and type 2 immune pathology in vivo

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第1期18卷 230-242页

作者： Lei Zhang Yuanlin Ying Shuqiu chen Preston R.arnold Fafa Tian Laurie j.Minze Xiang Xiao Xian c.Li Immunobiology and Transplant Science center and Department of SurgeryHouston Methodist HospitalTexas Medical CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Neurology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina Department of Urology Southeast University Zhongda HospitalNanjingChina Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

The exact relationships between group 2 innate lymphoid cells(ILc2s)and Th2 cells in type 2 pathology,as well as the mechanisms that restrain the responses of these cells,remain poorly *** we examined the roles of ILc2s and Th2 cells in type 2 lung pathology in vivo using germline and conditional fie/b-deficient *** found that mice with germline deletion of Relb^(-/-)spontaneously developed prominent type 2 pathology in the lung,which contrasted sharply with mice with T-cell-specific Relb deletion(Relb^(f/f)cd4-cre),which were healthy with no observed autoimmune *** also found that in contrast to wild-type B6 mice,Rel6-defident mice showed markedly expanded ILc2s but not ILc1s or ***,adoptive transfer of naive cD4^(+)T cells into Rag1^(-/-)Relb^(-/-)hosts induced prominent type 2 lung pathology,which was inhibited by depletion of ***,we showed that Relb deletion led to enhanced expression of Bcl11b,a key transcription factor for *** concluded that RelB plays a critical role in restraining ILc2s,primarily by suppressing Bcl11b activity,and consequently inhibits type 2 lung pathology in vivo.

关键词： Allergic inflammation Innate lymphoid cells NF-kB RelB Th2 cells type 2 pathology

Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia S.Rex David j.calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National Science Foundation(NSF),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael j.Lee Ryota L.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:The brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two major endothelial cell(Ec)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).The structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular Ecs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

Evaluation of alternative surface runoff accounting procedures using SWAT model

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International journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 54-68页

作者： Haw Yen Michael j.White jaehak jeong Mazdak Arabi jeffrey G.arnold Department of civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort Coll insColorado 80523USA Blackland Research&Extension center Texas A&M Agrilife ResearchTempleTexas 76502USA Grassland Soil&Water Research LaboratoryUSDA-ARSTempleTexas 76502USA

For surface runoff estimation in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)model,the curve number(cN)procedure is commonly adopted to calculate surface runoff by dynamically updating cN values based on antecedent soil moisture condition(ScSI)in *** SWAT2005 and onward,an alternative approach has become available to apply the cN method by relating the runoff potential to daily evapotranspiration(ScSII).While improved runoff prediction with ScSII has been reported in several case studies,few investigations have been made on its influence to water quality output or on the model uncertainty associated with the ScSII *** objectives of the research were:(1)to quantify the improvements in hydrologic and water quality predictions obtained through different surface runoff estimation techniques;and(2)to examine how model uncertainty is affected by combining different surface runoff estimation techniques within SWAT using Bayesian model averaging(BMA).Applications of BMA provide an alternative approach to investigate the nature of structural uncertainty associated with both cN *** showed that ScSII and BMA associated approaches exhibit improved performance in both discharge and total NO3 predictions compared to *** addition,the application of BMA has a positive effect on finding well performed solutions in the multi-dimensional parameter space,but the predictive uncertainty is not evidently reduced or ***,we recommend additional future SWAT calibration/validation research with an emphasis on the impact of ScSII on the prediction of other pollutants.

关键词： Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT),curve number method,Bayesian model averaging,uncertainty analysis hydrology,water quality

Maximizing biomass utilization: An integrated strategy for coproducing multiple chemicals

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journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 180-191页

作者： Byeongchan Ahn Sua jo jonggeol Na j.jay Liu Young-ju Kim Wangyun Won Department of chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Department of chemical Engineering (Integrated process) Kyung Hee University Department of chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University Department of chemical Engineering Pukyong National University Resources Engineering Plant Research Department Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol（1,6-HDO） with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy c, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments（LcAs）.Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically（USRDScHARDOLLAR3,402/ton） and environmentally（-26.9 kg cO2eq.）. This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.

关键词： Biorefinery carbon mitigation climate change Global warming Lignin utilization Bioeconomy

The ccD instrument background of the SMILE SXI

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 15-24页

作者： M.W.j.Hubbard O.Hetherington D.j.Hall T.W.Buggey S.Parsons T.arnold A.Holland c.Pagani S.Sembay centre for Electronic Imaging The Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLE17RHUK

The ESA and cAS SMILE mission orbit is highly elliptical and will pass through multiple radiation *** Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close when the surrounding radiation flux is *** shutter door will close when passing below an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the Earth’s Van Allen ***,two radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and *** instrument background for the ccDs(charge-coupled Devices)that form the focal plane array of the SXI were evaluated for the two *** to the correlation of the space environment with the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background was also evaluated at these two *** results demonstrated that the highest instrument background will occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic cosmic Rays(GcRs).It was also found that the open background was highest for solar minima and that the closed background was highest during solar *** is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GcRs between the two solar extremes.

关键词： instrument background X-ray astronomy space radiation

Effect of climate on provincial-level banana yield in the Philippines

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2020年第1期7卷 50-57页

作者： arnold R.Salvacion Department of community and Environmental Resource Planning College of Human EcologyUniversity of the Philippines Los Banos College4031 LagunaPhilippines

This study assessed the effect of climate on banana yield in the Philippines using provincial level yield data and different climatic variables(*** rainfall,frequency of wet days,precipitation seasonality,annual mean temperature,temperature seasonality,and annual mean diurnal temperature range)derived from climate Research Unit–Time Series(cRUTS)dataset from year 1991–***,trend analysis was applied to the time series of banana yield data for each province to determine presence of linear ***,based on the result of linear trend analysis,multiple regression analysis was used to assess the effect on climate on provincial-level banana *** analysis showed that 71%of banana producing area in the country experience significant yield trend while multiple regression analysis showed that only 10%of the banana producing areas in the country is significantly affected by *** to rainfall,temperature variables,specifically temperature seasonality has the greater influence on provincial-level banana yield in the Philippines.

关键词： Banana climate Yield trend Philippines