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Rescattering of.stimulated Raman side scattering in nonunif.rm plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 68-76页

作者： S.Tan Q.Wang Y.Chen W.B.Yao C.Z.Xiao j.f.Myatt School of.Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of.Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China School of.Electrical and Inf.rmation Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanAnhui 232001China Department of.Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta9211116 St.NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada

Rescattering of.stimulated Raman side scattering(SRSS)is observed f.r the f.rst time via two-dimensional(2D)particle-in-cell(PIC)*** construct a theoretical model f.r the rescattering process,which can predict the region of.occurrence of.mth-order SRSS and estimate its *** rescattering process is identif.ed by the 2D PIC simulations under typical conditions of.a direct-drive inertial conf.nement f.sion *** electrons produced by second-order SRSS propagate nearly perpendicular to the density gradient and gain nearly the same energy as in f.rst-order SRSS,but there is no cascade acceleration to produce superhot *** studies f.r a wide range of.ignition conditions show that SRSS and associated rescatterings are robust and important processes in inertial conf.nement f.sion.

关键词： nonunif.rm acceleration scattering

Carbon Monoxide as C1 Building Block in f.ne Chemical Synthesis

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Chinese j.urnal of.Chemistry 2024年第2期42卷 199-221页

作者： Rui M.B.Carrilho Mario j.f.Calvete Gabor Mikle Laszlo Kollar Mariette M.Pereira University of.Coimbra Coimbra Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryRua Larga3004-535 CoimbraPortugal Department of.General and Inorganic Chemistry and ELKH-PTE Research Groupf.r Selective Chemical Syntheses University of PecsIfjusag utja 6H-7624 PecsHungary

Carbon monoxide(CO)has become one of.the most relevant and versatile renewable C1 building blocks f.r chemical synthesis,especially in the f.ne chemicals industry,due to the development of.ef.icient and selective catalysts f.r its *** this review,we present a comprehensive critical analysis of.the last 10 years literature on the use of.CO as a renewable f.edstock f.r f.ne chemicals *** review is organized by type of.catalytic reaction,namely alkene and alkyne carbonylation,hydrof.rmylation,carbonylation of.aryl halides,carbonylative cross-coupling and C-H *** examples of.the synthesis of.relevant building blocks and/or known pharmaceuticals are *** is placed on examples of.utilizing CO as the C1 building block in one or more catalytic *** catalyst used and the reaction conditions are consistently presented throughout all of.the examples.

关键词： Carbon monoxide f.ne chemicals Carbonylation Hydrof.rmylation C-H f.nctionalization

Understanding intrarenal backf.ow: Intrarenal pressure during ureteroscopy and beyond

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Asian j.urnal of.Urology 2024年第2期11卷 139-142页

作者： Palle j.S.Osther Susanne S.Osther Maria P.Hesselholt Sof.a Byllov Søren K.Lildal Louise f.Øbro Helene j.ng Urological Research Center Department of UrologyVejle Hospital(a part of Lillebaelt Hospital)University Hospital of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark Department of.Regional Health Research University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark

The number of.ureterorenoscopic procedures f.r upper urinary tract stone management has increased dramatically during recent years worldwide[1].Developments in f.exible ureteroscope and laser technology have made it possible to successf.lly address larger and more complex stone scenarios *** the other hand,this means that more and more patients are exposed to the potential adverse ef.ects of.ureteroscopy[2].In general,ureteroscopy is considered a saf. ***,serious complications and even deaths do occur,and these events are most likely underreported[3,4].

关键词： beyond likely ureter

Comparative analysis of.microstructure,mechanical,and corrosion properties of.biodegradable Mg-3Y alloy prepared by selective laser melting and spark plasma sintering

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j.urnal of.Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1496-1510页

作者： P.Minárik M.Zemková S.Šašek j.Dittrich M.Knapek f.Lukáˇc D.Koutný j.j.roš R.Král f.culty of.Mathematics and Physics Charles UniversityKe Karlovu 5Praha 12116Czech Republic Research Centre University ofŽilinaUniverzitná8215/1Žilina 01026Slovakia Institute of.Plasma Physics of.the Czech Academy of.Sciences Za Slovankou 1782/318200 Praha 8Czech Republic Institute of.Machine and Industrial Design Brno University of TechnologyTechnická2896/2Brno 61669Czech Republic

This work explored possibilities of.biodegradable magnesium alloy Mg-3Y preparation by two modern powder metallurgy techniques–spark plasma sintering(SPS)and selective laser melting(SLM).The powder material was consolidated by both methods utilising optimised parameters,which led to very low porosity(∼0.3%)in the SLM material and unmeasurably low porosity in the SPS *** main aim of.the study was the thorough microstructure characterisation and interrelation between the microstructure and the f.nctional properties,such as mechanical strength,def.rmability,and corrosion *** materials showed comparable strength of.110 MPa in tension and compression and relatively good def.rmability of.9%and∼21%f.r the SLM and SPS materials,*** corrosion resistance of.the SPS material in 0.1 M NaCl solution was superior to the SLM one and comparable to the conventional extruded *** digital image correlation during loading and the cross-section analysis of.the corrosion layers revealed that the residual porosity and large strained grains have the dominant negative ef.ect on the f.nctional properties of.the SLM *** the other hand,one of.the primary outcomes of.this study is that the SPS consolidation method is very ef.ective in the preparation of.the W3 biodegradable alloy,resulting in material with convenient mechanical and degradation properties that might f.nd practical applications.

关键词： Magnesium Yttrium Powder metallurgy Microstructure Mechanical strength Corrosion resistance

Telomeric DNA breaks in human induced pluripotent stem cells trigger ATR-mediated arrest and telomerase-independent telomere damage repair

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j.urnal of.Molecular Cell Biology 2024年第3期16卷 46-60页

作者： Katrina N.Estep j.hn W.Tobias Raf.el j.f.rnandez Brinley M.Beveridge f.Brad j.hnson Department of.Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Quantiative Biosciences Merck&Co.Inc.West PointPA 19486USA Penn Genomic Analysis Core University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Although mechanisms of.telomere protection are well-def.ned in dif.erentiated cells,how stem cells sense and respond to telomere dysf.nction,in particular telomeric double-strand breaks(DSBs),is poorly ***,we report the DNA damage signaling,cell cycle,and transcriptome changes in human induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)in response to telomere-internal *** engineer human iPSCs with an inducible TRf.-f.kI f.sion protein to acutely induce DSBs at *** this model,we demonstrate that TRf.-f.kI DSBs activate an ATR-dependent DNA damage response,which leads to p53-independent cell cycle arrest in *** CRISPR–Cas9 to cripple the catalytic domain of.telomerase reverse transcriptase,we show that telomerase is largely dispensable f.r survival and lengthening of.TRf.-f.kI-cleaved telomeres,which instead are ef.ectively repaired by robust homologous recombination(HR).In contrast to HR-based telomere maintenance in mouse embryonic stem cells,where HR causes ZSCAN4-dependent extension of.telomeres beyond their initial lengths,HR-based repair of.telomeric breaks is suf.icient to maintain iPSC telomeres at a normal length,which is compatible with sustained survival of.the cells over several days of.TRf.-f.kI *** f.ndings suggest a previously unappreciated role f.r HR in telomere maintenance in telomerase-positive iPSCs and reveal distinct iPSC-specif.c responses to targeted telomeric DNA damage.

关键词： telomeres telomerase alternative lengthening of.telomeres pluripotent stem cells DNA damage double-strand breaks

Long-term Integration Ability of.the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)Spectral Line Receivers

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 315-322页

作者： Bing-Ru Wang Di Li Paul f.Goldsmith j.ngwen Wu Chao-Wei Tsai Rudolf.Schieder Gary j.Melnick National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of.Chinese Academy of.Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Center f.r Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China j.t Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Institute f.r f.ontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China KOSMA I.Physik.InstitutUniversität zu KölnZülpicher Str.7750937 KölnGermany Center f.r Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetMS 66CambridgeMA 02138USA

The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)was the f.rst space telescope capable of.high spectral resolution observations of.terahertz spectral *** have investigated the integration ability of.its two receivers and spectrometer during f.ve and a half.years of.on-orbit *** CI,O_(2),H_(2)O,and^(13)CO spectra taken toward all observed Galactic sources were *** present results are based on spectra with a total integration time of.up to 2.72×10~4hr(■10~8s).The noise in the spectra is generally consistent with that expected f.om the radiometer equation,without any sign of.approaching a noise *** noise perf.rmance ref.ects the extremely stable perf.rmance of.the passively cooled f.ont end as well as other relevant components in the SWAS instrument throughout its mission lif.time.

关键词： telescopes space vehicles:instruments instrumentation:miscellaneous ISM:lines and bands

Phase composition,conductivity,and sensor properties of.cerium-doped indium oxide

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第2期6卷 193-200页

作者： M.I.Ikim G.N.Gerasimov V.f.Gromov O.j.Ilegbusi L.I.Trakhtenberg N.N.Semenov f.deral Research Center f.r Chemical Physics of.RAS MoscowRussia University of.Central f.orida OrlandoFLUSA Moscow Institute of.Physics and Technology(State University) DolgoprudnyMoscow RegionRussia Lomonosov Moscow State University MoscowRussia

The hydrothermal synthesis of.In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)is investigated as well as the properties of.sensor layers based on these *** the synthesis of.In_(2)O_(3),intermediate products In(OH)_(3)and InOOH are f.rmed,which are the precursors of.stable cubic(c-In_(2)O_(3))and metastable rhombohedral(rh-In_(2)O_(3))phases,respectively.A transition f.om c-In_(2)O_(3)to rh-In_(2)O_(3)is observed with the addition of.CeO_(2).The introduction of.cerium into rh-In_(2)O_(3)results in a decrease in the sensor response to hydrogen,while it increases in composites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).The data on the sensor activity of.the composites correlate with XPS results in which CeO_(2)causes a decrease in the concentrations of.chemisorbed oxygen and oxygen vacancies in rh-In_(2)O_(3).The reverse situation is observed in composites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).Compared to In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)obtained by other methods,the synthesized composites demonstrate maximum response to H_(2)at low temperatures by 70–100℃,and have short response time(0.2–0.5 s),short recovery time(6–7 s),and long-term stability.A model is proposed f.r the dependence of.sensitivity on the direction of.electron transf.r between In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2).

关键词： Cerium oxide Indium oxide Nanocomposite Hydrothermal method Cubic phase Rhombohedral phase Sensor response Conductivity Hydrogen Response/recovery time

Bulking Up the Bay-Position Substituents Enables Enhanced Selectivity of.C_(s)‑Symmetric Boron Subphthalocyanine−Subnaphthalocyanine Hybrids

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第4期2卷 161-181页

作者： Nina f.f.rac Alan j.Lough Timothy P.Bender Department of.Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E5Canada Department of.Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3H6Canada Department of.Materials Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E4Canada Department of.Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3G8Canada

The precise synthesis of.subporphyrinoid hybrids withπ-expanded topologies and unique material properties plays a promising role in the design of.f.nctional ***,selective,and controllable routes to boron subphthalocyanine−subnaphthalocyanine hybrids,Bsub(Pc_(3‑p)-Nc_(p))s,are desirable f.r this purpose yet synthetically challenging due to random mixtures of.C_(s-),C_(3v-),and,in some cases,C_(1)-symmetric compounds that f.rm during traditional statistical mixed ***,we addressed this issue by developing a sterically driven mixed cyclotrimerization with enhanced selectivity f.r the targeted C_(s)-symmetric hybrid and complete suppression of.sterically crowded macrocyclic *** process,coupled with a rationally designed precursor bearing bulky phenyl substituents,enabled the synthesis and characterization of.bay-position phenylated Ph_(2)-(R_(p))_(8)Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))hybrids with halogens(Rp=Cl or f.in their peripheral isoindole *** selectivity ranged between 59 and 72%with remarkable yields,signif.cantly higher than that of.conventional mixed *** f.ndings were augmented by theoretical calculations on precursor Lewis basicity as guiding principles into hybrid macrocycle ***,the incorporation of.unf.sed phenyl groups and halogen atoms into the hybrid f.amework resulted in f.ne-tuned optical,structural,electronic,and electrochemical *** straightf.rward approach achieved improved selectivity and controlled narrowing of.the product distribution,af.ording the ef.icient synthesis of.structurally sophisticated Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))*** then expands the library of.3-dimensionalπ-extended macrocycles f.r use in a range of.applications,such as in optoelectronic devices with precisely tailored optical properties.

关键词： subphthalocyanine hybrids low-symmetry aromatic macrocycle selective cyclotrimerization sterically driven chemistry broad absorption material properties

Towards ef.icient strain engineering of.2D materials:A f.ur-points bending approach f.r compressive strain

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5317-5325页

作者： Hao Li f.lix Carrascoso Ana Borrás Gloria P.Moreno f.ancisco j.Aparicio Ángel Barranco Andrés Castellanos Gómez Campus de Cantoblanco Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridC.Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz328049 MadridSpain Nanotechnology on Surf.ces and Plasma Lab Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla(CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla).C/Americo Vespucio 49E-41092 SevilleSpain Departamento de f.sica Aplicada I Escuela Politécnica SuperiorUniversidad de Sevillac/Virgen deÁfrica 7E-41011 SevilleSpain

Strain engineering,as a powerf.l strategy to tune the optical and electrical properties of.two-dimensional(2D)materials by def.rming their crystal lattice,has attracted signif.cant interest in recent years.2D materials can sustain ultra-high strains,even up to 10%,due to the lack of.dangling bonds on their surf.ce,making them ideal brittle *** remarkable mechanical resilience,together with a strong strain-tunable band structure,endows 2D materials with a broad optical and electrical response upon ***,strain engineering based on 2D materials is restricted by their nanoscale and strain quantif.cation *** this study,we have modif.ed a homebuilt three-points bending apparatus to transf.rm it into a f.ur-points bending apparatus that allows f.r the application of.both compressive and tensile strains on 2D *** approach allows f.r the ef.icient and reproducible construction of.a strain system and minimizes the buckling ef.ect caused by the van der Waals interaction by adamantane encapsulation *** results demonstrate the f.asibility of.introducing compressive strain on 2D materials and the potential f.r tuning their optical and physical properties through this approach.

关键词： uniaxial compressive strain polymer encapsulation dif.erential ref.ectance spectroscopy exciton tunability