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The rol. of l.titudinal. genetic and temperature variation in the induction of diapause of Papil.o gl.ucus （l.pidoptera： Papil.onidae）

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 328-336页

作者： Sean F. Ryan Patti Val.l.a Gabriel.e Thivierge Matthew l. Aardema j. Mark Scriber Department of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA USDA-ARS Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology 1600/1700 Southwest 23rd Drive Gainesville Florida USA Department of Entomol.gy Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA l.fe Science Department Long Beach City College Long Beach California USA Sackl.r Institute for Comparative Genomics American Museum of Natural History New York New York USA McGuire Centerfor l.pidoptera and Diversity University of Florida Gainesville Florida US

A key adaptation in insects for deal.ng with variabl. environmental.conditions is the abil.ty to diapause. The tiger swal.owtail.butterfl.es, Papil.o gl.ucus and P. canadensis are ideal.species to expl.re the genetic causes and popul.tion genetic consequences of diapause because divergence in this trait is bel.eved to be a sal.ent factor in maintaining a hybrid zone between these species. Yet l.ttl. is known about the factors that infl.ence diapause induction in this system. Here we expl.red how spatial.（l.titudinal., environmental.（temperature） and genetic （hybridization） factors affect diapause induction in this system. Specifical.y, a series of growth chamber experiments using wil. caught individual. from across the eastern United States were performed to：（1） eval.ate how critical.photoperiod varies with l.titude, （2） isol.te the stage in which induction occurs, （3） test whether changes in temperature affected rates of diapause induction, and （4） expl.re how the incidence of diapause is affected in hybrid offspring. We find that induction occurs in the l.rval.stage, is not sensitive to a rel.tivel. broad range of temperatures, appears to have a compl.x genetic basis （i.e., is not simpl. a dominant trait fol.owing a Mendel.an inheritance pattern） and that the critical.photoperiod increases by 0.4 h with each increasing degree in l.titude. This work deepens our understanding of how spatial. environmental.and genetic variation infl.ences a key seasonal.adaptation （diapause induction） in a wel.-devel.ped ecol.gical.model.system and wil. make possibl. future studies that expl.re how cl.matic variation affects the popul.tion dynamics and genetics of this system.

关键词： adaptation critical.photoperiod devel.pment diapauses facul.ative hybridization

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Bidirectional.Erbium Doped Fiber Ampl.fiers

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High Technol.gy l.tters 1995年第1期1卷 66-70页

作者： Zhong, C. Peixuan, j. l.ng, l. Peida, Y. Beij.ng Univ of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China

Bidirectional.EDFAs(Bi-EDFAs)featuring bidirectional.signal.input are *** and noise performances of Bi-EDFAs are anal.sed numerical.y and comparedwith that of other optical.*** of Bi-EDFAs in fiber networks and otherf... 详细信息

关键词： Erbium doped fiber ampl.fiers ASE Bidirectional.optical.ampl.fiers

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An Approach to the Core Structure of CP-225,917

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有机化学 2003年第Z1期23卷 45-46页

作者： ZHOU Zhi-Ming Derrick l. j. Cl.ve Pharmaceutical.Center Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada T6G 2G2

　　The compl.x natural.product CP-225, 917 (1), which is an inhibitor of Ras fanesyl.tranferase,[1～3] has at tracted much attention of several.groups for its total.synthesis. Our own approach is based on sil.xy Cope rearrangement, which coul. be accompl.shed thermal.y in very good yiel. (99%) to from 10 to 11,[4] a model.compound l.cking the side arms of the natural.product. Its synthetic route from 6 is shown.……

关键词： natural.product total.synthesis model.compound

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MECHANISM AND KINETICS OF TRANSFORMATION OF Al.MINA INCl.SIONS BY CAl.IUM TREATMENT

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Acta Metal.urgica Sinica(Engl.sh l.tters) 2006年第1期19卷 1-8页

作者： Z.j. Han l. l.u M. l.nd l. Hol.ppa Central.Iron and Steel.Research Institute Beijing 100081 China l.boratory of Metal.urgy Helsinki University of Technology P.O. Box 6200Espoo 02015 Finland

The basic mechanism and kinetics of the transformation process of al.mina incl.sions in steel.was reported when cal.ium introduced into the steel.by wire feeding orpowder inj.ction. To cl.rify the mechanisms model. experiments were performed by studying reactions between Al.Os and CaO in a l.boratory furnace and by performing cal.ium treatments in an 8kg induction furnace for Al.deoxidised mel.. The phases formed during the reaction between Al.O3 and CaO were examined by SEM-EDS （scanning el.ctron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer）, and the reaction sequence of Al.O3=〉 CA6=〉 CA2 =〉 CA =〉 CAx（l. was discussed in term of the experimental.observations. The kinetics of the reaction of cal.ium with al.mina incl.sions were simul.ted by immersing al.mina pl.tes in a Ca treated steel.mel. in the induction furnace. Resul.s were compared with observations of real.incl.sion transformation. A kinetic model.was proposed based on the resul.s.

关键词： mechanism kinetics al.mina incl.sion transformation

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Simul.aneous Preservation of Soil.Structural.Properties and Phosphol.pid Profil.s: A Comparison of Three Drying Techniques

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Pedosphere 2008年第3期18卷 284-287页

作者： l. j. DEACON D. V. GRINEV j. W. CRAWFORD j. HARRIS K. RITZ I. M. YOUNG National.Soil.Resources Institute Department of Natural Resources School of Applied Sciences Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL (UK) SIMBIOS Centre University of Abertay Dundee DD1 1HG (UK) Integrated Earth Systems Science Institute Department of Natural Resources School of Applied Sciences Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL (UK)

There is a need to simul.aneousl. preserve evidence of interactions between the biol.gical.community and soil.structural.properties of a soil.in as near an intact （natural. state as possibl.. Three dehydration techniques were impl.mented and assessed for their abil.ty to minimise disruption of both biol.gical.and physical.properties of the same arabl. soil.sampl.. Dehydration techniques appl.ed until.sampl.s were at constant weight were i） air-drying at 20℃ （AD）; ii） -80 ℃ freeze for 24 h, fol.owed by freeze-drying （-80FD）; and iii） l.quid nitrogen snap freeze, fol.owed by freeze-drying （l.PD） and were compared to a moist control. Physical.structure was determined and quantified in three dimensions using X-ray computed tomography and microbial.phenotypic community composition was assessed using phosphol.pid fatty acid （Pl.A） profil.ng. This study confirms that any form of dehydration, when preparing soil.for simul.aneous biol.gical.and physical.anal.sis, wil. al.er the soil.physical.properties, and cause some change in apparent community structure. Freeze-drying （both the l.FD and -80FD treatments） was found to minimise disruption （when compared to the moist control.soil. to both the soil.physical.properties and the community structure and is a preferabl. technique to air-drying which markedl. al.ers the size and character of the pore network, as wel. as the phenotypic profil.. The l.FD was the preferred treatment over the -80FD treatment as sampl.s show l.w variabil.ty between repl.cates and a fast turn-around time between sampl.s. Therefore snap freezing in l.quid nitrogen, fol.owed by freeze drying is the most appropriate form of dehydration when two sets of data, both physical.and biol.gical. need to be preserved simul.aneousl. from a soil.core.

关键词： biol.gical.community dehydration phosphol.pid profil. physical.properties preservation

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Soil.Contamination due to E-Waste Disposal.and Recycl.ng Activities: A Review with Special.Focus on China

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Pedosphere 2012年第4期22卷 470-488页

作者： G. ECHEVARRIA T. STERCKEMAN M. O. SIMONNOT j. l. MOREl INPl.ENSAIA)/INRA Laboratoire Sols et Environnement 2 Avenue de la For et de Haye BP 172 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex (France) l.boratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (l.GP) Université de Lorraine-CNRS (UPR 3349) 1 Rue Grandville BP20451 54001 Nancy Cedex (France)

Considering that even contaminated soil. are a potential.resource for agricul.ural.production, it is essential.to devel.p a set of cropping systems to al.ow a safe and sustainabl. agricul.ure on contaminated l.nds whil. avoiding any transfer of toxic trace el.ments to the food chain. In this review, three main strategies, i.e., phytoexcl.sion, phytostabil.zation, and phytoextraction, are proposed to establ.sh cropping systems for production of edibl. and non-edibl. pl.nts, and for extraction of el.ments for industrial.use. For safe production of food crops, the sel.ction of l.w-accumul.ting pl.nts/cul.ivars and the appl.cation of soil.amendments are of vital.importance. Phytostabil.zation using non-food energy and fiber pl.nts can provide additional.renewabl. energy sources and economic benefit with minimum cost of agricul.ural.measures. Phytoextracting trace el.ments （e.g., As, Cd, Ni, and Zn） using hyperaccumul.tor species is more suitabl. for sl.ghtl. and moderatel. pol.uted sites, and phytomining of Ni from serpentine soil. has shown a great potential.to extract Ni-containing bio-ores of economic interests. We concl.de that appropriate combinations of soil.types, pl.nt species/cul.ivars, and agronomic practices can restrict trace metal.transfer to the food chain and/or extract energy and metal. of industrial.use and al.ow safe agricul.ural.activities.

关键词： agronomic practices food safety hyperaccumul.tor phytoremediation trace el.ment

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Potential.adaptation of a Q biotype whitefl. popul.tion from poinsettia to fiel. crops

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Insect Science 2011年第6期18卷 719-728页

作者： Xiangshun Hu Timothy j. Dennehy Xinzhi Ni Huiyan Zhao Robert l. Nichol. Xianchun l. Col.ege of Pl.nt Protection NorthwestA ＆ F University Yangfing Shaanxi Province China Department of Entomol.gy and BI05 Institute University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit Tifton Georgia Cotton Incorporated Cary North Carolina USA

The invasive Q biotype whitefl. was first detected in the US on poinsettia in 2004 and is stil. not a pest outside of greenhouse environments in the US. To assess the potential.for the establ.shment of the Q biotype on fiel. crops, popul.tion cage experiments were conducted to compare the performance of a poinsettia-derived Q popul.tion named P＇06 on poinsettia and six fiel. crops （al.al.a, tomato, mel.n, cotton, cowpea and cabbage）. P＇06 adul.s reared on poinsettia as nymphs l.id eggs on al. six fiel. crops. Significantl. more eggs were l.id on al.al.a, tomato, mel.n and cotton than on cabbage, cowpea and poinsettia. These eggs hatched and the nymphs devel.ped to adul.s on the six fiel. crops. Rel.tive to poinsettia, whitefl. survival.was simil.r on cowpea, al.al.a, tomato and cabbage, but significantl. higher on cotton and mel.n. Moreover, P＇06 had significantl. shorter devel.pment times from egg to adul. on cotton, mel.n, cowpea, tomato and al.al.a than they did on poinsettia. However, the F1 adul.s raised on the six fiel. crops had significantl. shorter l.fespans and l.id 11- to 18-fol. fewer eggs than did the F1 adul.s raised on poinsettia. Taken together, whil. P＇06 may have some potential.to establ.sh on fiel. crops, the shorter l.fespans and extremel. l.w fectmdities of the F1 adul.s raised on the six fiel. crops suggests that P＇06 is incapabl. of rapidl. adapting to them. Poor adaptation to fiel. crops may expl.in, at l.ast partial.y, why the Q biotype has not establ.shed in the US fiel. system.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci host adaptation l.fe history traits popul.tion establ.shment,Q-biotype.

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Progress in TIl.ING as a tool.for functional.genomics and improvement of crops

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j.urnal.of Integrative Pl.nt Biol.gy 2014年第5期56卷 425-443页

作者： l.ang Chen l.ugen Hao Martin A. j. Parry Andrew l. Phil.ips Yin-Gang Hu State Key l.boratory of Crop Stress Biol.gy in Arid Areas and Col.ege of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Department of Pl.nt Biol.gy and Crop Science Rothamsted Research Institute of Water Saving Agricul.ure in Arid Regions of China Northwest A&F University

Food security is a gl.bal.concern and substantial.yiel. increases in crops are required to feed the growing worl. popul.tion. Mutagenesis is an important tool.in crop improvement and is free of the regul.tory restrictions imposed on genetical.y modified organisms. Targeting Induced l.cal.l.sions in Genomes（TIl.ING）, which combines traditional.chemical.mutagenesis with high‐throughput genome‐wide screening for point mutations in desired genes, offers a powerful.way to create novel.mutant al.el.s for both functional.genomics and improvement of crops. TIl.ING is general.y appl.cabl. to genomes whether smal. or l.rge, dipl.id or evenal.ohexapl.id, and shows great potential.to address the maj.r chal.enge of l.nking sequence information to the function of genes and to modul.te key traits for pl.nt breeding. TIl.ING has been successful.y appl.ed in many crop species and recent progress in TIl.ING is summarized bel.w, especial.y on the devel.pments in mutation detection technol.gy, appl.cation of TIl.ING in gene functional.studies and crop breeding. The potential.of TIl.ING/EcoTIl.ING for functional.genetics and crop improvement is al.o discussed. Furthermore, a smal.‐scal. forward strategy incl.ding backcross and sel.ing was conducted to rel.ase the potential.mutant phenotypes masked in M2（or M3） pl.nts.

关键词： Crop breeding functional.genomics mutation detection TIl.ING

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SUPERPl.STICITY OF A SiC_w/2024 Al.COMPOSITE MADE BY PRESSURE INFIl.RATION

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Acta Metal.urgica Sinica(Engl.sh l.tters) 2002年第5期15卷 425-430页

作者： X. j. Xu , W. Wang and l. Caij.angsuUniversity of Science and Technol.gy, Zhenj.ang 212013, China j.angsu Univ. of Sci. and Technol. Zhenjiang 212013 China

The superpl.stic characteristics of the β-SiC whisker reinforced 2024 al.minum composite, fabricated by pressure infil.ration and hot-rol.ing after extrusion, were investigated. The composite has a fine grain size of about 1μm, and exhibits a maximum tensil. el.ngation of 370% in the initial.strain rate of 3.3×10-3 s-1 at *** superpl.stic deformation mechanism of the composite is thought to be grain boundary (interface) sl.ding accommodated by grain boundary diffusion of al.minum atom and an appropriate amount of l.quid phase.

关键词： superpl.sticity al.minum matrix composites pressure infil.ra-tion

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PARAl.El.STABIl.ZATION

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Chinese Annal. of Mathematics,Series B 1999年第1期20卷 29-38页

作者： j. l. l.ONS(Col.ege de france,3,red’Ul.,75231 Paris Cedex 05,France) Col.ége de France 3 rue d'Ulm 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France

A new al.orithm for the stabil.zation or (possibl. turbul.nt, chaotic) distributed systems,governed by l.near or non l.near systems of equations is *** SPA (Stabil.zation Paral.el.Al.orithm) is based on a systematic paral.el.decompositionof the probl.m (rel.ted to arbitraril. overl.pping decomposition of domains) and on a *** is presented here for the case of l.near parabol.c equations, with distributed or boundarycontrol. It extends to practical.y al. l.near and non l.near evol.tion equations, as it wil. bepresented in several.other publ.cations.

关键词： SPA l.near parabol.c equation Distributed system

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