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冷却水系统中漏油的后果及其清洗

清洗世界 1990年第4期14卷 1-6页

作者： R. j. franco 周本省南京化工学院

本文介绍了一些现场实例来说明炼油厂生产过程中的油泄漏入冷却水系统中后引起的问题以及可以用来扭转局面的一些措施。为了保证冷却水中油的浓度低于10mg/L,应该定期进行监测。水中油的浓度高于10mg/L,能导致灾难性的污垢和腐蚀问题,... 详细信息

本文介绍了一些现场实例来说明炼油厂生产过程中的油泄漏入冷却水系统中后引起的问题以及可以用来扭转局面的一些措施。为了保证冷却水中油的浓度低于10mg/L,应该定期进行监测。水中油的浓度高于10mg/L,能导致灾难性的污垢和腐蚀问题,文中介绍的清洗方案可以作为今后处理漏油的基础。这个方案包括两大部分:首先进行机械清洗,然后用表面活性剂进行化学清洗。用于收集海上钻井平台和远洋油轮漏油的集油剂在冷却水系统发生漏油时也可能得到应用。

关键词：冷却水系统机械清洗海上钻井平台化学清洗清洗方案处理药剂硫酸盐还原菌浓缩倍数杀生剂水处理工业

Final results of the first phase of the PROTO-SPHERA experiment: obtainment of the full current stable screw pinch and first evidences of the j.t + torus combined plasma configuration

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 31-43页

作者： Paolo MICOZZI franco ALLADIO Alessandro MANCUSO Vincenzo ZANZA Gerarda APRUZZESE Francesca BOMBARDA Luca BONCAGNI Paolo BURATTI Francesco FILIPPI Giuseppe GALATOLA TEKA Francesco GIAMMANCO Edmondo GIOVANNOZZI Andrea GROSSO Matteo IAFRATI Alessandro LAMPASI Violeta LAZIC Simone MAGAGNINO Simone MANNORI Paolo MARSILI Valerio PIERGOTTI Giuliano ROCCHI Alessandro SIBIO Benedetto TILIA Onofrio TUDISCO FSN Dipartimento Fusione e tecnologie per la Sicurezza Nucleare ENEA Agenzia Nazionale per Le Nuove Tecnologie Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico SostenibileFrascati(Rome)00044Italy IAPS Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali INAF Istituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaRome O133Italy Physics Department University of Pisa Faculty of Natural Sciences Mathematics and PhysicsPisa 56127 Italy

In astrophysics, the boundary conditions for plasma phenomena are provided by nature and the astronomer faces the problem of understanding them from a variety of observations [Hester j.j.et al 1996 Astrophys. j. 456 225], on the other hand, in laboratory plasma experiments the electromagnetic boundary conditions become a maj.r problem in the set-up of the machine that produces the plasma, an issue that has to be investigated step by step and to be modified and adapted with great patience, in particular in the case of an innovative plasma confinement experiment. The PROTO-SPHERA machine [Alladio F et al 2006 Nucl. Fusion 46 S613] is a magnetic confinement experiment, that emulates in the laboratory the j.t + torus plasma configurations often observed in astrophysics: an inner magnetized j.t of plasma centered on the(approximate) axis of symmetry and surrounded by a magnetized plasma torus orthogonal to this j.t. The PROTO-SPHERA plasma is simply connected, i.e., no metal current conducting rod is linked to the plasma torus, while instead it is the inner magnetized plasma j.t(in the following always called the plasma centerpost) that is linked to the torus. It is mandatory that no spurious plasma current path modifies the optimal shape of the plasma centerpost. Moreover, as the plasma torus is produced and sustained, in absence of any applied inductive electric field, by the inner plasma centerpost through magnetic reconnections [Taylor j.B and Turner M F 1989 *** 29 219], it is required as well that spurious current paths do not surround the torus on its outboard, in order not to lower the efficiency of the magnetic reconnections that maintain the plasma torus at the expense of the plasma centerpost. Boundary conditions have been corrected,up to the point that the first sustainment in steady state has been achieved for the combined plasma.

关键词： laboratory plasmas magnetic confinement astrophysical plasmas

Agglomerate behavior in a recirculating fluidized bed with sheds： Effect of ring baffles

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Particuology 2018年第3期16卷 143-151页

作者： Francisco j. Sanchez Careaga Cedric Briens franco Berruti j.nnifer McMillan Murray Gray Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources Western University 22312 Wonderland Rd. Hderton ON NO M2AO Canada Edmonton Research Centre Syncrude Canada Ltd 9421 17th Ave Edmonton AB T6N 1H4 Canada The Petroleum Institute PO Box 2533 Abu Dhabi UAE

The radioactive particle tracking technique was used to study the effect of internal ring baffles on wet agglomerate motion inside a cold flow recirculating fluidized bed. The study found that using such a baffle on its own or above the regular sheds helps reduce the fouling of the stripper section by increasing the residence time that the agglomerates spend above the baffle, thereby reducing the release of the vapors below the baffles that cause fouling of the sheds. Adding down-comers, or flux tubes, to the ring baffles degrades the performance of the baffles, Reducing the length of the flux tubes, so that they do not reach the bottom of the baffle lip results in a further degradation in baffle performance.

关键词： Radioactive particle tracking Fluidized bed Fluid coker Baffles

Hydrothermal Processes in the Solar System：A Review

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地质科技情报 2008年第1期27卷 1-12页

作者： franco PIRAj.O Martin j. Van KRANENDONK Long XIAO Geological Survey of Western Australia 100 Plain Street Perth WA 6004 Australia Research Center forSpace Science ＆ Technology Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

最近美国航空与空间计划署(NASA)开展的卡西尼—惠更斯外空探测计划发现,在直径为500km的卫星——土卫二上存在水冰和间隙泉的喷发活动。这一现象和在火星上工作的"机遇号"和"勇气号"漫游车所发现的液态水一起,证明了除地球以外的其他... 详细信息

最近美国航空与空间计划署(NASA)开展的卡西尼—惠更斯外空探测计划发现,在直径为500km的卫星——土卫二上存在水冰和间隙泉的喷发活动。这一现象和在火星上工作的"机遇号"和"勇气号"漫游车所发现的液态水一起,证明了除地球以外的其他星球上过去和现在都存在水,其中的一些星体还有火山活动的证据,这意味着这些星球上可能存在过热液活动地质过程。讨论了火星、木卫二和土卫二可能存在的热液系统类型。这些热液系统类型是根据地球上的构造背景进行相似性研究后得出的,例如海底、火山和裂谷系统。将东非裂谷和贝加尔湖裂谷系统与火星Tharsis高原上巨大的水手大峡谷进行了对比,这些地区都是由地幔柱作用下构造—热液活动导致的地壳抬升、火山和裂谷作用。在火星上,地下冰或低温层会在火山活动和(或)小行星或彗星撞击作用下溶解而形成热液对流。

关键词：热液活动过程火星木卫二土卫二

Study of fluctuations in the Martian magnetosheath using a kurtosis technique:Mars Express observations

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第1期6卷 28-41页

作者： A.M.S.franco E.Echer M.j.A.Bolzan M.Fraenz National Institute for Space Research(INPE) Sao Jose dos CamposBrazil Federal University of j.tai JataiBrazil Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research GöttingenGermany

Planetary magnetosheaths are characterized by high plasma wave and turbulence *** Martian magnetosheath is no exception;both upstream and locally generated plasma waves have been observed in the region between its bow shock and magnetic boundary layer,its induced *** statistical study of wave activity in the Martian magnetosheath is based on 12 years(2005-2016)of observations made during Mars Express(MEX)crossings of the planet’s magnetosheath-in particular,data on electron density and temperature data collected by the electron spectrometer(ELS)of the plasma analyzer(ASPERA-3)experiment on board the MEX spacecraft.A kurtosis parameter has been calculated for these plasma *** value indicates intermittent behavior in the data when it is higher than 3(the value for a normal or Gaussian distribution).The variation of wave activity occurrence has been analyzed in relation to solar cycle,Martian orbit,and distance to the bow ***-Gaussian properties are observed in the magnetosheath of Mars on all analyzed scales,especially in those near the proton gyrofrequency in the upstream region of the Martian *** also report that non-Gaussian behavior is most prominent at the smaller scales(higher frequencies).A significant influence of the solar cycle was also observed;the kurtosis parameter is higher during declining and solar maximum phases,when the presence of disturbed solar wind conditions,caused by large scale solar wind structures,*** kurtosis decreases with increasing distance from the bow shock,which indicates that the intermittence level is higher near the bow *** the electron temperature data the kurtosis is higher near the perihelion due to the higher incidence of EUV when the planet is closer to the Sun,which causes a more extended exosphere,and consequently increases the wave activity in the magnetosheath and its upstream *** extended exosphere seems to play a lower effect in the electron den

关键词： Mars magnetosheath kurtosis ULF waves

The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe Lance Labun Stephen Milton Edward McCary Michael M.Spinks Hernan j.Quevedo Ou Z.Labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj.Isabella Pagano j.se A.franco-Altamirano Martin L.Ringuette Erhart Gaul Scott V.Luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut Ruhl Todd Ditmire Sandra Bruce Michael E.Donovan Michael C.Downer Dino A.j.roszynski Bj.rn Manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma *** appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic *** scheme is called a laser wakefield *** this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the inj.ction of electrons into the accelerating phase of the *** find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms *** can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

Gold Nanozymes:From Concept to Biomedical Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第1期13卷 138-173页

作者： j.vier Lou‑franco Bhaskar Das Christopher Elliott Cuong Cao Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological SciencesQueen’s University of Belfast19 Chlorine GardensBelfast BT95DLUK Present Address:Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkelaIndia

In recent years,gold nanoparticles have demonstrated excellent enzyme-mimicking activities which resemble those of peroxidase,oxidase,catalase,superoxide dismutase or ***,merged with their ease of synthesis,tunability,biocompatibility and low cost,makes them excellent candidates when compared with biological enzymes for applications in biomedicine or biochemical ***,over 200 research papers have been systematically reviewed to present the recent progress on the fundamentals of gold nanozymes and their potential *** review reveals that the morphology and surface chemistry of the nanoparticles play an important role in their catalytic properties,as well as external parameters such as pH or ***,real applications often require specific biorecognition elements to be immobilized onto the nanozymes,leading to unexpected positive or negative effects on their ***,rational design of efficient nanozymes remains a challenge of paramount *** implementation paths have already been explored,including the application of peroxidase-like nanozymes for the development of clinical diagnostics or the regulation of oxidative stress within cells via their catalase and superoxide dismutase *** review also indicates that it is essential to understand how external parameters may boost or inhibit each of these activities,as more than one of them could ***,further toxicity studies are required to ensure the applicability of gold nanozymes in *** challenges and future prospects of gold nanozymes are discussed in this review,whose significance can be anticipated in a diverse range of fields beyond biomedicine,such as food safety,environmental analyses or the chemical industry.

关键词： Gold nanoparticles Catalysis Nanozymes Diagnosis Nanomedicine

A Fragmentation Mechanism of Homemade Explosive TMDD Using DART-MS and Isotopic Labeling

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火炸药学报 2018年第1期41卷 16-20,30页

作者： Alexander Pedroza Zarate Fredy Colpas-Castillo Daniel j.Alcazar franco Wilman A.Cabrera-Lafaurie Eduardo A.Espinosa-Fuentes Department of Chemistry Universidad de Cartagena Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Cartagena Colombia Department of Natural and Exact Science Corporación Universidad de la Costa (CUC) Barranquilla Colombia Department of Civil and Environmental Sciences Corporación Universidad de la Costa (CUC) Barranquilla Colombia

A fragmentation mechanism and characterization for the first time using Direct Analysis in Real Time- Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(DART-TOF-MS)of the tetramethylene diperoxide dicarbamide(TMDD)compound were *** MS-spectrum may support other research about devices and detection in real *** mass spectrum of TMDD obtained using DART ionization in the positive-ion detection mode exhibited a strong peak at m/z254representing an ammonium adduct([TMMD·NH_4]~+).There was another peak at m/z237,which represented the protonated molecule([TMDD·H]~+)of *** two peaks corroborated the identity of the *** DART-MS spectra of the TMDD-isotopomer successfully corroborated the respective molecular tails. The principal fragmentation residues also showed coherence according to the number of isotopically labeled atoms on the TMDD *** contrast with other organic peroxides analyzed by this technique,TMDD exhibited substantial *** theoretical modeling results showed that the fragmentation mechanism of the TMDD ion adduct is strongly dependent of the TMDD ring flexibility and the hydrogen bonding formed between the nitrogen and oxygen atoms and the atmospheric proton.

关键词： direct analysis in real time Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry TMDD isotopomers

A simple method to design non-collision relative orbits for close spacecraft formation flying

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2018年第5期61卷 20-35页

作者： Wei j.ang j.nFeng Li FangHua j.ang franco Bernelli-Zazzera School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua University Department of Aerospace Science and Technology Politecnico di Milano

A set of linearized relative motion equations of spacecraft flying on unperturbed elliptical orbits are specialized for particular cases, where the leader orbit is circular or equatorial. Based on these extended equations, we are able to analyze the relative motion regulation between a pair of spacecraft flying on arbitrary unperturbed orbits with the same semi-maj.r axis in close formation. Given the initial orbital elements of the leader, this paper presents a simple way to design initial relative orbital elements of close spacecraft with the same semi-maj.r axis, thus preventing collision under non-perturbed conditions. Considering the mean influence of j.2 perturbation, namely secular j.2 perturbation, we derive the mean derivatives of orbital element differences, and then expand them to first order. Thus the first order expansion of orbital element differences can be added to the relative motion equations for further analysis. For a pair of spacecraft that will never collide under non-perturbed situations, we present a simple method to determine whether a collision will occur when j.2 perturbation is considered. Examples are given to prove the validity of the extended relative motion equations and to illustrate how the methods presented can be used. The simple method for designing initial relative orbital elements proposed here could be helpful to the preliminary design of the relative orbital elements between spacecraft in a close formation, when collision avoidance is necessary.

关键词： spacecraft formation relative motion collision avoidance orbit designing