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On the radiogenic heat production of igneous rocks

Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第5期8卷 919-940页

作者： D. Hasterok j. webb Department of Earth Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace SA 5005 Australia Ramelius Resources Ltd. East Perth WA 6005 Australia

Radiogenic heat production is a physical parameter crucial to properly estimating lithospheric temperatures and properly understanding processes related to the thermal evolution of the Earth. Yet heat production is, in general, poorly constrained by direct observation because the key radiogenic elements exist in trace amounts making them difficulty image geophysically. In this study, we advance our knowledge of heat production throughout the lithosphere by analyzing chemical analyses of 108,103 igneous rocks provided by a number of geochemical databases. We produce global estimates of the average and natural range for igneous rocks using common chemical classification systems. Heat production increases as a function of increasing felsic and alkali content with similar values for analogous plutonic and volcanic rocks. The logarithm of median heat production is negatively correlated(r^2=0.98)to compositionally-based estimates of seismic velocities between 6.0 and 7.4 km s^(-1), consistent with the vast maj.rity of igneous rock compositions. Compositional variations for continent-wide models are also well-described by a log-linear correlation between heat production and seismic velocity. However, there are differences between the log-linear models for North America and Australia, that are consistent with interpretations from previous studies that suggest above average heat production across much of Australia. Similar log-linear models also perform well within individual geological provinces with^1000 samples. This correlation raises the prospect that this empirical method can be used to estimate average heat production and natural variance both laterally and vertically throughout the lithosphere. This correlative relationship occurs despite a direct causal relationship between these two parameters but probably arises from the process of differentiation through melting and crystallization.

关键词： Heat generation lgneous rocks Heat producing elements Continental lithosphere Seismic velocity Density

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Research Activities Arising From the University of Kent

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Photonic Sensors 2011年第2期1卷 140-151页

作者： David j. webb Photonics Research Group Aston University Aston Triangle Birmingham B4 7ET UK

In this paper I describe research activities in the field of optical fiber sensing undertaken by me after leaving the Applied Optics Group at the University of Kent. The main topics covered are long period gratings, neural network based signal processing, plasmonic sensors, and polymer fiber gratings. Ⅰ also give a summary of my two periods of research at the University of Kent, covering 1985-1988 and 1991-2001.

关键词： Optical fiber sensor long period grating neural network plasmon polymer POF

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Boosting the immune response： the use of iNKT cell ligands as vaccine adj.vants

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Frontiers of physics 2012年第5期7卷 436-444页

作者： Priyanka B. SUBRAHMANYAM Tonya j. webb Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum CancerCenter Baltimore Maryland 21201 USA

Natural killer T （NKT） cells comprise a small, but important T cell subset and are thought to bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses. The discovery of NKT cells and extensive research on their activating ligands have paved the way for modulation of these potent immunoregulatory cells in order to improve the outcome of various clinical conditions. Efforts to modulate NKT cell effector functions have ranged from therapy for influenza to anti- tumor immunotherapy. These approaches have also led to the use of NKT cell agonists such as a-Galactosylceramide （a- GalCer） and its analogs as vaccine adj.vants, an approach that is aimed at boosting specific B and T cell responses to a vaccine candidate by concomitant activation of NKT cells. In this review we will provide a comprehensive overview of the efforts made in using a-GalCer and its analogs as vaccine adj.vants. The diverse array of vaccination strategies used, as well as the role of NKT cell activating adj.vants will be discussed, with focus on vaccines against malaria, HIV, influenza and tumor vaccines. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the efficacy of NKT cell-specific agonists as adj.vants and suggest that these compounds warrant serious consideration during the development of vaccination strategies.

关键词： vaccines NKT cells and CDld

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A Rule Based Evolutionary Optimization Approach for the Traveling Salesman Problem

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Intelligent Information Management 2017年第4期9卷 115-132页

作者： Wissam M. Alobaidi David j. webb Eric Sandgren Systems Engineering Department Donaghey College of Engineering & Information Technology University of Arkansas at Little Rock Little Rock AR USA Axalta Coating Systems Front Royal VA USA

The traveling salesman problem has long been regarded as a challenging application for existing optimization methods as well as a benchmark application for the development of new optimization methods. As with many existing algorithms, a traditional genetic algorithm will have limited success with this problem class, particularly as the problem size increases. A rule based genetic algorithm is proposed and demonstrated on sets of traveling salesman problems of increasing size. The solution character as well as the solution efficiency is compared against a simulated annealing technique as well as a standard genetic algorithm. The rule based genetic algorithm is shown to provide superior performance for all problem sizes considered. Furthermore, a post optimal analysis provides insight into which rules were successfully applied during the solution process which allows for rule modification to further enhance performance.

关键词： Traveling Salesman Evolutionary Optimization Rule Based Search Heuristic Optimization Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

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Nanocrystallization behaviour of a ternary amorphous alloy during isothermal annealing： a Monte Carlo simulation

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Chinese Physics B 2005年第12期14卷 2565-2574页

作者：金士锋王伟民周建坤国洪轩 j. F. webb 边秀房 The Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials Shandong University Jinan 250061 China School of Mechanical Engineering Yeungnam University 214-1 Dae-dong Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 712-749 Republic of Korea

The nanocrystallization behaviour of Zr70Cu20Ni10 metallic glass during isothermal annealing is studied by employing a Monte Carlo simulation incorporating with a modified Ising model and a Q-state Potts model. Based on the simulated microstructure and differential scanning calorimetry curves, we find that the low crystal-amorphous interface energy of Ni plays an important role in the nanocrystallization of primary Zr2Ni. It is found that when T〈T1max （where T1max is the temperature with maximum nucleation rate）, the increase of temperature results in a larger growth rate and a much finer mierostrueture for the primary Zr2Ni, which accords with the microstructure evolution in ＂flash annealing＂. Finally, the Zr2Ni/Zr2Cu interface energy σG contributes to the pinning effect of the primary nano-sized Zr2Ni grains in the later formed normal Zr2Cu grains.

关键词： nanocrystallization Monte Carlo simulation pinning effect Ising model

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Maze Navigation via Genetic Optimization

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Intelligent Information Management 2018年第1期10卷 1-15页

作者： David j. webb Wissam M. Alobaidi Eric Sandgren Axalta Coating Systems Front Royal Virginia USA Systems Engineering Department Donaghey College of Engineering & Information Technology University of Arkansas at Little Rock Little Rock Arkansas USA

One of the most interesting applications of genetic algorithms falls into the area of decision support. Decision support problems involve a series of decisions, each of which is influenced by all decisions made prior to that point. This class of problems occurs often in enterprise management, particularly in the area of scheduling or resource allocation. In order to demonstrate the formulation of this class of problems, a series of maze problems will be presented. The complexity of the mazes is intensified as each new maze is introduced. Two solving scenarios are introduced and comparison results are provided. The first scenario incorporated the traditional genetic algorithm procedure for the intended purpose of acquiring a solution based upon a purely evolutionary approach. The second scenario utilized the genetic algorithm in conj.nction with embedded domain specific knowledge in the form of decision rules. The implementation of domain specific knowledge is intended to enhance solution convergence time and improve the overall quality of offspring produced which significantly increases the probability of acquiring a more accurate and consistent solution. Results are provided below for all mazes considered. These results include the traditional genetic algorithm final result and the genetic algorithm optimization approach with embedded rules result. Both results were incorporated for comparison purposes. Overall, the incorporation of domain specific knowledge outperformed the traditional genetic algorithm in both performance and computation time. Specifically, the traditional genetic algorithm failed to adequately find an acceptable solution for each example presented and prematurely converged on average within 54% of their specified generations. Additionally, the most complex maze generated an optimal path directional sequence (i.e. N, S, E, W) via a traditional genetic algorithm which possessed only 50% of the required allowable path sequences for maze completion.

关键词： Maze Navigation Genetic Optimization

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由制浆造纸厂废料产生能量

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天津造纸 1984年第1期 42-51页

作者： L. j. webb 陈克复天津轻工业学院

一、废料的特性从浓度(毫克/升)和比负荷(公斤/吨纸)两方面来说,都有许多因素影响工厂废水的特性。可以应用助留剂和节省装置来调节所排放的不溶性固形物(纤维和填料)排放量,而与操作参数的变化无关。然而,可溶性物质(如木材中的半纤维... 详细信息

一、废料的特性从浓度(毫克/升)和比负荷(公斤/吨纸)两方面来说,都有许多因素影响工厂废水的特性。可以应用助留剂和节省装置来调节所排放的不溶性固形物(纤维和填料)排放量,而与操作参数的变化无关。然而,可溶性物质(如木材中的半纤维素和破、废纸中的淀粉)的流失控制就要困难得多,而且用水的循环率对废水排放水准具有重大影响,由于水系统的封闭循环逐渐增强而比负荷降低和浓度增高,如图1所示。总COD(化学耗氧量)值超过100毫克/升的工厂废水并不少见,因此要满足仅就浓度一项制定的排放标准而使废水起码能直

关键词：厌氧处理过程废液亚硫酸盐 COD 造纸厂升流式废物纸厂污泥处理废水处理设备污水处理设备 BOD 生物处理污水处理制浆造纸厌氧接触法厌氧过滤器

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Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher j.O’Connell Matthew j.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA j.mes L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain inj.ry(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

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脱毒大蒜苗的生产与检测技术

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上海农业学报 1988年第1期 23-28页

作者：丁辛顺上海市农业科学院园艺研究所上海

免疫电镜(ISEM)检测结果表明,从北也门萨那(Sana’a)地区引进的大蒜鳞茎中带有洋葱黄矮病毒和另外二种未知的病毒。本试验对这些受病毒侵染的大蒜鳞茎进行了热处理和茎尖分生组织培养,并从中获得了一批健康的幼苗。本项试验结果表明,大... 详细信息

免疫电镜(ISEM)检测结果表明,从北也门萨那(Sana’a)地区引进的大蒜鳞茎中带有洋葱黄矮病毒和另外二种未知的病毒。本试验对这些受病毒侵染的大蒜鳞茎进行了热处理和茎尖分生组织培养,并从中获得了一批健康的幼苗。本项试验结果表明,大蒜的茎尖分生组织在Gamborg’s B5矿物盐培养基上生长良好。在进行组织培养之前,如能置大蒜苗于36℃和38℃下热处理四周,可比不经热处理的大蒜鳞茎产生更多的健康苗。

关键词：大蒜组织培养免疫电镜

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Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon j.Brown Rafael j.Yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

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