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Physical contributors to glenohumeral internal rotation deficit in high school baseball players

j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第3期4卷 299-306页

作者： Elizabeth E. Hibberd Casey E. Shutt Sakiko Oyama j. troy blackburn j.seph B. Myers Department of Health Science The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0311 USA U.S. Army-Baylor University San Antonio TX 78234-6100 USA Department of Health and Kinesiology University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX 78249 USA Department of Exercise and Sport Science Neuromuscular Research Laboratory University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-8700 USA Department of Exercise and Sport Science Sports Medicine Research Laboratories University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-8700 USA

Background： Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit （GIRD） is a risk factor for shoulder and elbow inj.ry in baseball players. Although this evidence forms a basis for recommending stretching, clinical measures of internal rotation range of motion （ROM） do not differentiate if GIRD is due to muscular, capsuloligamentous, or osseous factors. Understanding the contributions of these structures to GIRD is important for the development of targeted interventions. We hypothesize that the osseous component will have the greatest relative contribution to GIRD, followed by muscle stiffness and posterior capsule thickness. Methods： Internal rotation ROM, muscle stiffness （teres minor, infraspinatus, and posterior deltoid）, posterior capsule thickness, and humeral retrotorsion were evaluated on 156 baseball players. A side-to-side difference was calculated for each variable. Variables were entered into a multivariable linear regression to determine the significant predictors of GIRD. Results： The regression model was statistically significant （R2 = 0.134, F（1, 156） = 24.0, p 〈 0.01） with only humeral retrotorsion difference remaining as a significant predictor （β = -0.243, t156 = -4.9, p 〈 0.01）. A greater humeral retrotorsion side-to-side difference was associated with more GIRD. Conclusion： Humeral retrotorsion accounted for 13.3% of the variance in GIRD. The stiffness of the superficial shoulder muscles and capsular thickness, as measured in this study, were not predictors of GIRD. Factors not assessed in this study, such as deeper muscle stiffness, capsule/ ligament laxity, and neuromuscular regulation of muscle stiffness may also contribute to GIRD. Since it is the largest contributor to GIRD, causes of changes in humeral retrotorsion need to be identified. The osseous component only accounted for 13.3% of the variance in GIRD, indicating a large contribution from soft tissues factors that were not addressed in this study. These factors need to be identified to develop evi

关键词： Baseball GIRD Humeral retrotorsion Muscle stiffness Posterior capsule thickness

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Low Power Laser Surfi-Sculpt

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稀有金属材料与工程 2011年第S4期40卷 147-150页

作者： j.E.blackburn P.A.Hilton Laser and Sheet Processes Group TWI LtdCambridgeCB21 6ALUnited Kingdom

The functional properties of materials can be enhanced using surface features,for instance;to improve the thermal properties of heat *** development of the laser Surfi-Sculpt process over the past decade has resulted in a technology capable of producing a wide variety of features in metallic ***,the potential for producing similar features in polymeric and ceramic substrates also *** the potential for utilizing high power focused laser beams to produce surface features using this process has been *** paper details the results of recent trials performed with a 200 Yb-fibre laser and a galvanometer driven beam scanner for producing surface features using the Surfi-Sculpt process.A compact,cheap,easily robotically automated,laser Surfi-Sculpt machine,being able to operate at atmospheric pressure may have potential in a range of industry sectors.

关键词： laser surfacing Yb-fibre surfi-sculpt

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Sleep disordered breathing in interstitial lung disease: A review

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World j.urnal of Clinical Cases 2014年第12期2卷 828-834页

作者： Lauren K troy Tamera j.Corte Department of Respiratory Medicine Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown Sydney NSW 2050 Australia Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Patients with interstitial lung disease commonly exhibit abnormal sleep architecture and increased sleep fragmentation on polysomnography. Fatigue is a frequent complaint, and it is likely that poor sleep quality is a significant contributor. A number of studies have shown that sleep disordered breathing is prevalent in this population, particularly in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis subgroup. The factors that predispose these patients to obstructive sleep apnoea are not well understood, however it is believed that reduced caudal traction on the upper airway can enhance collapsibility. Ventilatory control system instability may also be an important factor, particularly in those with increased chemo-responsiveness, and in hypoxic conditions. Transient, repetitive nocturnal oxygen desaturation is frequently observed in interstitial lung disease, both with and without associated obstructive apnoeas. There is increasing evidence that sleep-desaturation is associated with increased mortality, and may be important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in this population.

关键词： Sleep disordered breathing Interstitial lung disease Pulmonary fibrosis Nocturnal hypoxia Obstructive sleep apnoea

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Longitudinal Analysis of Inter-Limb Coordination Before and After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Inj.ry: The j.MP-ACL Study

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j.urnal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第3期2卷 265-271页

作者： Benj.min M.Goerger Stephen W.Marshall Anthony I.Beutler j.troy blackburn j.hn H.Wilckens Darin A.Padua Department of Exercise and Sport Science The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Department of Epidemiology The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Musculoskeletal Clinical Program Intermountain HealthcareProvoUTUSA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA

Purpose Inter-limb coordination may provide insight into why patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive sur-gery(ACLR)have an increased risk for future inj.ry and *** purpose of this study was to compare inter-limb coordination prior-to anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)inj.ry and following *** Unilateral lower extremity biomechanics during a double-leg j.mp landing were collected prior-to ACL inj.ry(baseline)and after ACLR,rehabilitation,and return to physical activity(follow-up).Sixty-nine participants were included in this analysis:31 participants suffered an ACL inj.ry since baseline:12 inj.red the leg tested at baseline[ACLR-inj.red leg(ACLR-INj.,n=12]and 19 inj.red the leg that was not tested at baseline[ACLR-uninj.red leg(ACLR-UNINj.n=19];38 participants served as matched ***-limb coordination-calculated as the mean coupling angle-between the hip and knee were measured in the respective leg of each defined group and compared amongst groups at baseline and *** We observed no significant change in sagittal or frontal plane inter-limb coordination amongst groups or across time(P>0.05).A significant decrease in inter-limb coordination in the transverse plane from baseline and follow-up was observed but limited to the ACLR-INj.group(P=0.016).Conclusion The primary finding of this study is that inter-limb coordination between the hip and knee in the sagittal and frontal plane is unchanged by ACL inj.ry and *** may help explain previous observations of changes in kinemat-ics at both the hip and knee in this *** observation of alterations in the transverse plane should be interpreted with caution,but may provide additional evidence for potential mechanisms that lead to the development of osteoarthritis in ACLR patients.

关键词： Anterior cruciate ligament Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Knee Inj.ry Inter-limb coordination

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Further compatibility tests of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium with conventional insecticide products for control of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci on poinsettia plants

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Insect Science 2008年第4期15卷 355-360页

作者： Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Lisa F. blackburn Phil Northing Weiqi Luo Raymond j. C. Cannon Keith F. A. Waiters Central Science Laboratory Sand Hutton York Y041 1LZ UK

The effect on spore germination of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium following direct exposure for 24 h to the insecticides Maj.stik, Spray Oil, Agri- 50E, Savona and Oberon for the control of both egg and second instar stages of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, was determined. Exposure to both Agri-50E and Oberon was followed by acceptable spore germination. Infectivity rates ofL. muscarium on poinsettia foliage in the presence of dry residues of the insecticides were also investigated. No significant detrimental effects on the levels of control of B. tabaci were recorded compared with fungus applied to residue-free foliage. Sequential application of the chemicals Savona, Spray Oil and Maj.stik with the fungus all produced mortalities of second instar B. tabaci above 90%. Incorporation of these chemicals with L. muscarium into integrated control programs for B. tabaci is discussed.

关键词： entomopathogenic fungus integrated pest management insecticidecompatibility Lecanicillium muscarium

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Effect of solid particle loading on nucleophilic addition of epoxy-resin to isophorone diisocyanate

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Particuology 2008年第1期6卷 24-29页

作者： Wei Zhang Richard S. blackburn Abbas A. Dehghani-Sanij Green Chemistry Group Centre for Technical Textiles University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK School of Mechanical Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK

In the preparation of surface coatings made of conductive composites consisting of conductive particulate fillers in a soft matrix, cracks will develop with increase of the particulate loading, which is believed to be related to the nucleophilic addition reaction between glycidyl end-capped poly （bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin） and isophorone diisocyanate molecules. This curing reaction is responsible for the generation of crosslinking network throughout the coatings. The influence of solid particle loading on the chemical reaction may be described as a volume-excluded effect, that is, the high solid particle loading will occupy the space between the functional groups thus preventing the chemical reaction to take place. As a direct consequence, the cross-linking network cannot develop properly due to the insufficiency of curing reaction. This will lead to the generation of cracks, as was supported by FT-IR analysis in this work.

关键词： Particle loading Cracks Nucleophilic Addition FT-IR

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IR study on hydrogen bonding in epoxy resin–silica nanocomposites

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第7期18卷 801-805页

作者： Abbas A. Dehghani-Sanij.Richard S. blackburn School of Mechanical Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JT UK Green Chemistry Group Centre for Technical Textiles University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JT UK

The chemical and physical interactions between ingredients in composites play an important role in the improvement of service prop- erties. The nucleophilic addition between polymer and isophoron diisocyanate molecules was monitored by FT-IR technique. The inten- sity loss of isocyanate absorption band in conj.nction with the intensity growth of carboxyl absorption band indicates the progress of reaction. FT-IR spectroscopy was also adopted to examine the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of epoxy resin with silica as well as intramolecular one within polymer matrix. The vibration frequency of carboxyl group (-C=O) and hydroxyl group (-OH) shifts from 1736 to 1728 cm-1and 3420 to 3414 cm-1, respectively, indicating the occurrence of hydrogen bonding between -C=O and -OH. The vibration frequency of Si-OH moves from 3435 to 3414 cm-1, suggesting the involvement of silica. Whereas the vibration frequency of pending -OH in polymer chain moves from 3435 to 3420 cm-1 or 3414 cm-1, proposing that this kind of interaction can also happen within polymer matrix.

关键词： Hydrogen bonding FT-IR Epoxy resin Silica

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Improvement in Radicular Symptoms but Continued Facet Arthropathy and Axial Back Pain Following Rupture of a Facet j.int Synovial Cyst

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2018年第1期9卷 46-52页

作者： Bryan j. Kratz troy Buck Daniel Cramer Department of Pain Management Loyola University Medical Center Maywood IL USA

Lumbar synovial cysts are benign fluid collections thought to form in a background of facet j.int degeneration, allowing for fluid to leak from the j.int capsule and form cysts in the synovium. Although often asymptomatic, patients with symptomatic synovial cysts will present with low back pain and possibly an associated radiculopathy. Clinicians can consider conservative management, epidural steroid inj.ction, surgical intervention, or facet j.int block with aspiration and rupture. This case describes a 59-year-old male facilities manager with intermittent low back pain for one year with worsening right-sided radicular symptoms secondary to a lumbar facet j.int synovial cyst in the context of severe facet arthropathy and microinstability. The patient’s low back pain and radicular symptoms were refractory to conservative treatment. Imaging demonstrated a lumbar synovial cyst and subsequent management included transforaminal epidural steroid inj.ction and facet j.int block with cyst aspiration and rupture. The patient’s radicular pain resolved but axial lumbar pain returned after 3 weeks of relief. Follow-up imaging demonstrated decreased cyst size with fluid accumulation and j.int space widening. Although the cyst was successfully decompressed with resolution of radicular pain, the underlying facet arthropathy remains contributing to persistent axial low back pain and potential for continued degenerative changes including cyst recurrence.

关键词： Facet j.int Synovial Cyst Lumbar Synovial Cyst Radicular Pain Cyst Rupture Low Back Pain Non-Surgical Management

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Time-varying and state-dependent recovery rates in epidemiological models

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第4期2卷 419-430页

作者： Scott Greenhalgh troy Day Department of Mathematics Siena CollegeLoudonvilleNY12211USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Queen's UniversityJeffery HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada

Differential equation models of infectious disease have undergone many theoretical extensions that are invaluable for the evaluation of disease *** instance,while one traditionally uses a bilinear term to describe the incidence rate of infection,physically more realistic generalizations exist to account for effects such as the saturation of ***,such theoretical extensions of recovery rates in differential equation models have only started to be *** is despite the fact that a constant rate often does not provide a good description of the dynamics of recovery and that the recovery rate is arguably as important as the incidence rate in governing the dynamics of a *** provide a first-principles derivation of state-dependent and time-varying recovery rates in differential equation models of infectious *** this derivation,we demonstrate how to obtain time-varying and state-dependent recovery rates based on the family of Pearson distributions and a power-law distribution,*** recovery rates based on the family of Pearson distributions,we show that uncertainty in skewness,in comparison to other statistical moments,is at least two times more impactful on the sensitivity of predicting an epidemic's *** addition,using recovery rates based on a power-law distribution,we provide a procedure to obtain state-dependent recovery *** such state-dependent rates,we derive a natural connection between recovery rate parameters with the mean and standard deviation of a power-law distribution,illustrating the impact that standard deviation has on the shape of an epidemic wave.

关键词： Differential equations Integral equations Infectious disease modeling Waiting time distribution Duration of infectiousness SIR epidemic model

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Acid-treated Fe-doped TiO2 as a high performance photocatalyst used for degradation of phenol under visible light irradiation

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第9期31卷 183-194页

作者： Vahid Moradi Faysal Ahmed Martin B.G. j.n Arthur blackburn Rodney A. Herring Mechanical Engineering Department University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia V8W 2Y2 Canada Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia V8W 2Y2 Canada School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-2088 USA

The photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles is significantly increased by an acid-treatment process. The photocatalyst nanoparticles were prepared using sol–gel method with 0.5 mol% ratio of Fe:Ti in acidic pH of 3. The nanoparticles were structurally characterized by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS). It was observed that the photocatalytic activity suffered from an iron oxide contaminating layer deposited on the surface of the nanoparticles. This contamination layer was removed using an HCl acidtreatment process. The photocatalytic activity using 500 mg/L of Fe0.5-TiO2 in a 10 mg/L of phenol solution increased significantly from 33% to 57%(about 73% increase in the performance), within 90 min of reaction time under visible light irradiation. This significant improvement was achieved by removing the iron oxide contamination layer from the surface of the nanoparticles and adj.sting p H to mild acidic and basic pHs.

关键词： Phenol degradation Visible light Photocatalyst Kinetics Iron doping

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