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Functional Inferences of Environmental Coccolithovirus Biodiversity

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Virologica Sinica 2013年第5期28卷 291-302页

作者： j.zef I Nissimov Mark j.nes j.hnathan A Napier Colin B munn Susan A Kimmance Michael j.Allen Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place University of Nottingham School of BiosciencesSutton Bonington Campus Department of Biological Chemistry Rothamsted Research School of Marine Science & Engineering Plymouth University

The cosmopolitan calcifying alga Emiliania huxleyi is one of the most abundant bloom forming coccolithophore species in the oceans and plays an important role in global biogeochemical cycling. Coccolithoviruses are a maj.r cause of coccolithophore bloom termination and have been studied in laboratory, mesocosm and open ocean studies. However, little is known about the dynamic interactions between the host and its viruses, and less is known about the natural diversity and role of functionally important genes within natural coccolithovirus communities. Here, we investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of coccolithoviruses by the use of molecular fingerprinting techniques PCR, DGGE and genomie sequencing. The natural biodiversity of the virus genes encoding the maj.r capsid protein （MCP） and serine palmitoyltransferase （SPT） were analysed in samples obtained from the Atlantic Meridional Transect （AMT）, the North Sea and the L4 site in the Westem Channel Observatory. We discovered nine new coccolithovirus genotypes across the AMT and L4 site, with the maj.rity of MCP sequences observed at the deep chlorophyll maximum layer of the sampled sites on the transect. We also found four new SPT gene variations in the North Sea and at L4. Their translated fragments and the full protein sequence of SPT from laboratory strains EhV-86 and EhV-99B 1 were modelled and revealed that the theoretical fold differs among strains. Variation identified in the structural distance between the two domains of the SPT protein may have an impact on the catalytic capabilities of its active site. In summary, the combined use of ＇standard＇ markers （i.e. MCP）, in combination with metabolically relevant markers （i.e. SPT） are useful in the study of the phylogeny and functional biodiversity of coccolithoviruses, and can provide an interesting intracellular insight into the evolution of these viruses and their ability to infect and replicate within their algal hosts.

关键词： Coccolithovirus Maj.r capsid protein Serine palmitoyltransferase Functional biodiversity

植入前遗传学诊断显著减少不孕夫妇流产的多中心研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2006年第6期2卷 13-14页

作者： munné S. Fischer j. Warner A. 张旸 Reprogenetics LLC 101 Old Short Hills Rd West Orange NJ 07052 United StatesDr.

Obj.ctive: The inicidence of miscarriage is correlated with maternal age. The maj.rity of miscarriages are chromosomally abnormal. The purpose of this study was to determine in a large population of infertility patients (>2000 cycles) if preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) reduced the rate of spontaneous abortions. Design: Multicenter retrospective controlled study. Setting: One hundred IVF centers referring samples to a reference PGD laboratory. Patient(s): Infertile women. Intervention(s): The spontaneous abortion rate after PGD was retrospectively compared to non- PGD cycles from the 2002 American Society for Reproductive Medicine- Society for Assisted Reproduction Technology report on IVF cycles. Main Outcome Measure(s): Spontaneous abortions and trisomic offspring rates. Result(s): The study included 2,279 cycles of PGD. The pregnancy rate per retrieval was 26.7% (average age 39.6). The mean pregnancy loss for the PGD group (0.167) was significantly lower than for the general IVF group (0.215) (P < .001). After PGD, the spontaneous abortion rate was 14.1% for ages 35- 40, and 22.2% for women over 40, compared to 19.4% (P=.03) and 40.6% (P < .001), respectively, in controls. The clinical error rate of PGD (1.2% ) was significantly lower than expected (4.7% ) (P < .001). Conclusion(s): The data suggests that PGD significantly reduces the risk of spontaneous abortions in women undergoing IVF and PGD, particularly in women over 40. In addition, PGD may also reduce the risk of trisomic offspring.

关键词：植入前遗传学诊断自然流产率多中心研究不孕夫妇回顾性对照研究辅助生殖技术不孕患者年龄相关体外受精

Abscisic Acid Connects Phytohormone Signaling with RNA Metabolic Pathways and Promotes an Antiviral Response that Is Evaded by a Self- Controlled RNA Virus

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Plant Communications 2020年第5期1卷 111-128页

作者： Fabio Pasin Hongying Shan Beatriz García Maren Müller David San León Márta Ludman David H.Fresno Károly Fátyol Sergi munné-Bosch Guillermo Rodrigo j.an Antonio García Centro Nacional de Biotecnología(CNB-CSIC) 28049 MadridSpain Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center Academia Sinica11529 TaipeiTaiwan Departamento de Biologı´a Evolutiva Ecologı´a y Ciencias AmbientalesFacultad de Biologı´aUniversidad de Barcelona08028 BarcelonaSpain Agricultural Biotechnology Institute National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre2100 Godoll}oHungary Institute for Integrative Systems Biology(I2SysBio) CSIC-University of Valencia46980 PaternaSpain Present address:College of Horticulture and Gardening Tianjin Agricultural University300384 TianjinChina

A complex network of cellular receptors,RNA targeting pathways,and small-molecule signaling provides robust plant immunity and tolerance to *** maximize their fitness,viruses must evolve control mechanisms to balance host immune evasion and plant-damaging *** genus Potyvirus comprises plant viruses characterized by RNA genomes that encode large polyproteins led by the P1 protease.A P1 autoinhibitory domain controls polyprotein processing,the release of a downstream functional RNAsilencing suppressor,and viral ***,we show that P1Pro,a plum pox virus clone that lacks the P1 autoinhibitory domain,triggers complex reprogramming of the host transcriptome and high levels of abscisic acid(ABA)accumulation.A meta-analysis highlighted ABA connections with host pathways known to control RNA stability,turnover,maturation,and *** changes triggered by P1Pro infection or ABA showed similarities in host RNA abundance and *** and hormone treatment assays showed that ABA promotes plant resistance to potyviral ***,quantitative mathematical modeling of viral replication in the presence of defense pathways supported self-control of polyprotein processing kinetics as a viral mechanism that attenuates the magnitude of the host antiviral ***,our findings indicate that ABA is an active player in plant antiviral immunity,which is nonetheless evaded by a self-controlled RNA virus.

关键词： abscisic acid antiviral immune evasion mathematical modeling viral polyprotein processing Potyvirus RNA metabolism

Retinoic acid signaling acts as a rheostat to balance Treg function

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第7期19卷 820-833页

作者： Govindaraj.n Thangavelu Gabriela Andrej.va Sara Bolivar-Wagers Suj.ong j.n Michael C.Zaiken Michael Loschi Ethan G.Aguilar Scott N.Furlan Chrysothemis C.Brown Yu-Chi Lee Cameron McDonald Hyman Colby j.Feser Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari Keli L.Hippen Kelli P.MacDonald William j.Murphy Ivan Maillard Geoffrey R.Hill David H.munn Robert Zeiser Leslie S.Kean j.ffrey C.Rathmell Hongbo Chi Randolph j.Noelle Bruce R.Blazar Department of Pediatrics Center for ImmunologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Center for Immunobiology Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville TNUSA Department of Pediatrics University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center SeattleWAUSA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Immunology Program and Ludwig CenterSloan Kettering InstituteMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA Department of Microbiology and Immunology.Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Norris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonUSA Department of Immunology Queensland Institute of Medical Research(QIMR)Berghofer Medical Research Institute and School of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Departmentof Dermatology School of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA Georgia Cancer Center Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Department of Haematology Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationFaculty of MedicineFreiburg University Medical CentreFreiburgGermany Boston Children's Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute BostonMAUSA Department of Immunology St.Jude Children's ResearchHospitalMemphisTNUSA

Regulatory T cells(Tregs)promote immune homeostasis by maintaining self-tolerance and regulating inflammatory *** certain inflammatory conditions,Tregs can lose their lineage stability and *** studies have reported that ex vivo exposure to retinoic acid(RA)enhances Treg function and ***,it is unknown how RA receptor signaling in Tregs influences these processes in ***,we employed mouse models in which RA signaling is silenced by the expression of the dominant negative receptor(DN)RARαin all T *** the fact that DNRARαconventional T cells are hypofunctional,Tregs had increased CD25 expression,STAT5 pathway activation,mTORC1 signaling and supersuppressor ***,DNRARαTregs had increased inhibitory molecule expression,amino acid transporter expression,and metabolic fitness and decreased antiapoptotic *** function was observed when wild-type mice were treated with a pharmacologic pan-RAR ***,Treg-specific expression of DNRARαresulted in distinct phenotypes,such that a single allele of DNRARαin Tregs heightened their suppressive function,and biallelic expression led to loss of suppression and *** loss of Treg function was not cell intrinsic,as Tregs that developed in a noninflammatory milieu in chimeric mice reconstituted with DNRARαand wild-type bone marrow maintained the enhanced suppressive *** mapping suggested that maintaining Treg stability in an inflammatory milieu requires RA *** findings indicate that RA signaling acts as a rheostat to balance Treg function in inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions in a dose-dependent manner.

关键词： Retinoic acid Tregulatory cells Autoimmunity Metabolism mTORC1 STAT5

The costs of reproduction in plants cannot differ between the sexes

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j.urnal of Plant Ecology 2022年第6期15卷 1308-1311页

作者： j.remy j.Midgley Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa

This article is a commentary on Liu et al.(2021).In their recent review in this j.urnal,Liu et al.(2021)argue that sexual differences in the allocation to reproduction by male and female plants may cause sexual differences in their responses to biotic(***)and abiotic stress(*** stress).Their general argument is that the nett reproductive costs are higher for females because they not only flower but must also produce fruits/cones/seeds(their Figure 3).They suggest(their Figure 2)that females can ameliorate their higher costs of reproduction such as by maximizing resource acquisition and resource *** other previous reviews have also argued for higher female costs(Barrett and Hough 2013;Barrett et al.2010;j.vany and munné-Bosch 2015;Obeso 2002).My aims in this commentary are(i)to note that theory predicts equal sexual allocation to reproduction,(ii)to argue that some of examples cited by Liu et al.(2021)do not suggest the theory is incorrect and finally,(iii)to provide a Cape(South Africa)perspective to show that differences in allocation cannot be invoked ad hoc to explain vegetative or other differences between the *** differences between the sexes must ultimately be related to differences in sexual function,as is the case in animals,and not to differences in nett allocation to reproduction.

关键词： Figure argument finally

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由依诺肝素继发的湿疹样斑疹

世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 43-43页

作者： White j.M.L. munn S.E. Seet j.-E. 吴佳纹 Contact Clinic St. John' s Institute of Dermatology St. Thomas' Hospital Lambeth Palace Road London SE1 7EH United Kingdom

Low-molecular-weight heparins are used extensively in acute medicine. They are generally well tolerated but may cause a rare, eczema-like type IV hypersensitivity reaction. We report 3 cases of this eruption and speculate that it may be significantly under-reported due to misidentifying the causal drug, which may have serious consequences. We discuss treatment alternatives such as fondaparinux sodium, which may rarely cross-react.

关键词：依诺肝素磺达肝素钠致病药物患者耐受性急诊治疗低分子肝素超敏反应交叉反应

卒中医疗体系之急诊医疗服务的实施策略美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会急诊医疗服务体系专家组和卒中委员会的政策声明

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中华脑血管病杂志（电子版） 2008年第6期2卷 354-370页

作者： j.e E.AckerⅢ Arthur M.Pancioli Todd j.Crocco Marc K.Eckstein Edward C.j.uch Hollynn Larrabee Neil M.Meltzer William C.Mergendahl j.hn W.munn Susanne M.Prentiss Charles Sand j.ffrey L.Saver Brian Eigel Brian R.Gilpin Mark Schoeberl Penelope Solis j.Anne R.Bailey Katie B.Horton Steven K.Stranne 曹勇军李瑞霞刘建芳刘春风苏州大学附属第二医院神经内科 215004

尽管卒中的预防、诊断、治疗和康复已取得一些进展，但卒中在美国仍然是第三大死亡原因和长期残疾的主要原因。每年约有70万人新发或复发卒中。在过去10年里，急性卒中诊治的一些进展，包括纤溶和其他短期疗法的引入，

关键词：美国心脏协会急诊医疗服务体系卒中协会医疗体系委员会专家组死亡原因急性卒中