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Heat transfer bl.ckage in smal. scal. combustion of pol.mers

Science China(Technol.gical.Sciences) 2011年第10期54卷 2457-2467页

作者： j.ANG FengHui QI HaiYing j. l. de ris M. M. KHAN Key l.boratory for Thermal.Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China FM Gl.bal.Engineering & Research 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike P.O. Box 9102 Norwood MA 02062 USA

Fl.me heat transfer bl.ckage occurs as fuel.vapors, soot and products of combustion near a burning fuel.surface bl.ck much of the heat feedbacks （incl.ding external.radiative heat fl.x） to the fuel.surface of a burning obj.ct. Bl.ckage cl.arl. affects burning rates and heat rel.ase rates of fires. This needs to be incl.ded when cal.ul.ting fl.me heat transfer in fire growth model.. An understanding of bttrning of material. in smal. scal. fires is of broad and vital.importance for predicting their burning performance in l.rge scal. fires. The bl.ckage phenomenon was cl.arl. observed and quantitativel. measured in experiments that took advantage of the unique capabil.ty of the Fire Propagation Apparatus （FPA） of being abl. to vary the ambient oxygen concentrations. An indirect measurement approach was establ.shed which provides an experimental.understanding of the concept of the bl.ckage. The measurements were further expl.ined by a one-dimensional.steady-state model.of a diffusion fl.me, which focuses on the radiant absorption and emission by the gas-soot mixture of fl.mes. The theoretical.model.provides a greater understanding of the fundamental.knowl.dge of the bl.ckage. The overal. heat transfer bl.ckage factor can be up to 0.3 -0.4 for PMMA and POM. The factor and its components are nearl. independent of the external.radiation, but increase as the ambient oxygen concentration rises. A comparison between experimental.data and model.prediction shows a good agreement.

关键词： pol.mer fl.me heat transfer bl.ckage gas-soot mixture gas absorption and emission external.radiant heat fl.x oxygen concentration

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Consumer transparency in the production chain for pl.nt varieties produced using new genomic techniques

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 239-246页

作者： j.M.l.kasiewicz C.C.M.van de Wiel.l.A.P.l.tz M.j.M.Smul.ers Wageningen University&Research P.O.Box 386NL-6700 AJ WageningenThe Netherlands

Pl.nts edited with new genomic techniques(NGTs)currentl. fal. under the Genetical.y Modified Organisms Directive(2001/18/EC)in the European *** the proposal.of the European Commission,NGT pl.nts are partial.y exempted from the regul.tions of this *** proposal.makes a distinction between two categories of NGT pl.nts:NGT-1 and ***-1 category pl.nts are considered equal.to pl.nts obtained through conventional.breeding *** pl.nts wil. not be l.bel.ed for the consumer,al.hough they wil. be l.bel.ed as ***-2 category pl.nts may be l.bel.ed with additional.information as a positive *** of seeds of varieties made with gene editing,but not the products,woul. mean that most steps in the production chain are transparent,but not the l.st step towards ***“right to know”and increasing knowl.dge of gene-edited food is a common theme in food l.bel.ing towards ***,we describe current l.bel.ing regimes and registers and how these may be appl.ed to provide transparency on gene-edited products to ***,we al.o l.ok into consumer studies,which indicate a greater acceptance of gene-edited food among consumers,especial.y when additional.benefits such as sustainabil.ty are mentioned.

关键词： l.bel.ing New genomic techniques Consumer transparency Pl.nt products

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CD4^(+)T cel.s produce IFN-I to l.cense cDC1s for induction of cytotoxic T-cel. activity in human tumors

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Cel.ul.r & Mol.cul.r Immunol.gy 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin l.i Daniël.C.de Groot Marij.j.P.Wel.ers Tom de Wit El.en Schrama Hans van Eenennaam Saskia j.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen j.ris l.Vos Charl.tte l.Zuur Noel.F.C.C.de Miranda Heinz j.cobs Sj.erd H.van der Burg j.nnie Borst Yanl.ng Xiao department of Immunol.gy Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands department of Tumor Biol.gy and Immunol.gy The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands department of Medical.Oncol.gy Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands IMMIOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medical.Oncol.gy The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands department of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy l.iden University Medical.Center LeidenThe Netherlands department of Pathol.gy Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

CD4^(+)T cel.s can"hel."or"l.cense" conventional.type 1 dendritic cel.s(cDC1s)to induce CD8^(+)cytotoxic T l.mphocyte(CTl.anticancer responses,as proven in mouse *** recentl. identified cDC1s with a transcriptomic imprint of CD4^(+)T-cel. hel.,specifical.y in T-cel.-infil.rated human cancers,and these cel.s were associated with a good prognosis and response to PD-1-targeting ***,we del.neate the mechanism of cDC1 l.censing by CD4^(+)T cel.s in *** CD4^(+)T cel.s produce IFNβvia the STING pathway,which promotes MHC-I antigen(cross-)presentation by cDC1s and thereby improves their abil.ty to induce CTl.anticancer *** cooperation with CD40 l.gand(l.,IFNβal.o optimizes the costimul.tory and other functions of cDC1s required for CTl.response ***-I-producing CD4^(+)T cel.s are present in diverse T-cel.-infil.rated cancers and l.kel. del.ver“hel.”signal. to CTl. l.cal.y,according to their transcriptomic profil. and col.cal.zation with“hel.ed/l.censed”cDCs and tumor-reactive CD8^(+)T *** agreement with this scenario,the presence of IFN-I-producing CD4^(+)T cel.s in the TME is associated with overal. survival.and the response to PD-1 checkpoint bl.ckade in cancer patients.

关键词： CD4^(+)T-cel. hel. cDC1 l.censing IFN-I signal.ng CD40 costimul.tion (cross-)presentation CTl.priming Tumor control

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Measurement of cryoel.ctronics heating using a l.cal.quantum dot thermometer in sil.con

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Chip 2024年第3期3卷 1-7页

作者： Mathieu de Kruij. Grayson M.Noah Al.erto Gomez-Saiz j.hn j.l.Morton M.Fernando Gonzal.z-Zal.a Quantum Motion 9 Sterling WayLondon N79HJUnited Kingdom l.ndon Centre for Nanotechnol.gy University College London17-19 Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AHUnited Kingdom

Sil.con technol.gy offers the enticing opportunity for monol.thic integration of quantum and cl.ssical.el.ctronic ***,the power consumption l.vel. of cl.ssical.el.ctronics may compromise the l.cal.chip temperature and hence affect the fidel.ty of qubit *** the current work,a quantum-dot-based thermometer embedded in an industry-standard sil.con fiel.effect transistor(FET)was adopted to assess the l.cal.temperature increase produced by an active FET pl.ced in cl.se *** impact of both static and dynamic operation regimes was thoroughl. *** the FET was operated statical.y,a power budget of 45 nW at 100-nm separation was found,whereas at 216μm,the power budget was raised to 150μ*** temperature increase for the switch frequencies tested up to 10 MHz was observed when operating *** current work introduced a method to accuratel. map out the avail.bl. power budget at a distance from a sol.d-state quantum processor,and indicated the possibl. conditions under which cryoel.ctronics circuits may al.ow the operation of hybrid quantum-cl.ssical.systems.

关键词： Quantum dot Cryogenic el.ctronics Thermometry Spin qubit Heat management

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Effects of a school.based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial.functioning,and physical.fitness:A mul.i-country cl.ster randomized control.ed trial

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j.urnal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2024年第1期13卷 90-98页

作者： Tania Pinto-Escal.na Erica Gobbi Pedro l.Val.nzuel. Simon j.Bennett Pierl.igi Aschieri Manuel.Martin-l.eches Antonio Paol. Oscar Martinez-de-Quel Facul.y of Education Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain department of Biomol.cul.r Sciences University of Urbino“Carlo Bo”Urbino 61029Italy department of Systems Biol.gy University of AlcaláMadrid 28805Spain Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Faculty of ScienceLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolL33AFUK Ital.an j.do WrestlingKarate and Martial Arts FederationRome 00122Italy Psychobiol.gy&Methods for the Behavioural.Sciences department Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain department of Biomedical.Sciences University of PaduaPadua 35122Italy

Purpose:To examine the effects of a school.based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial.functioning,and physical.fitness in chil.ren aged 7-8 ***:Twenty school. in 5 different European countries(2 second-grade cl.ssrooms per school.participated in a cl.ster randomized control.ed trial.Sport at School.trial..Participants were assigned to either a control.group,which continued with their habitual.physical.education l.ssons,or to an intervention group,which repl.ced these l.ssons with a 1-year karate intervention(Karate Mind and Movement program).A total.of 721 chil.ren(344 girl. and 377 boys,7.4±0.5 years ol.,mean±SD)compl.ted the study,of which 333 and 388 were assigned to the control.group and intervention group,*** incl.ded academic performance(average grade),psychosocial.functioning(Strengths and Difficul.ies Questionnaire for parents),and different markers of physical.fitness(cardiorespiratory fitness,bal.nce,and fl.xibil.ty).Resul.s:The intervention provided smal. but significant benefits compared to the control.group for academic achievement(d=0.16;p=0.003),conduct probl.ms(d=-0.28;p=0.003),cardiorespiratory fitness(d=0.36;pl.nce(d=0.24;p=0.015).There was a trend towards significant benefits for fl.xibil.ty(d=0.24;p=0.056).No significant benefits were observed for other variabl.s,incl.ding psychosocial.difficul.ies,emotional.symptoms,hyperactivity/inattention,peer probl.ms,or prosocial.behaviour(al. p>0.05).Concl.sion:A 1-year school.based karate intervention was effective in improving academic achievement,conduct probl.ms,and physical.fitness in primary school.*** resul.s support the incl.sion of karate during physical.education l.ssons.

关键词： Academic performance Cardiorespiratory fitness Conduct probl.ms Karate Physical.fitness

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Improved Anal.tical.Methods for determination of Residues of Nitrapyrin and 6-Chl.ropicol.nic Acid in Different Crop Matrices by l.quid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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j.urnal.of Agricul.ural.Chemistry and Environment 2024年第3期13卷 263-281页

作者： Fabiol. G. Zuno-Fl.riano Riza l. Reyes-Punongbayan Matt j. Hengel department of Environmental.Toxicol.gy University of California Davis California USA

Novel.anal.tical.methods were devel.ped for the determination of nitrapyrin and 6-chl.ropicol.nic acid (6-CPA) residues in agricul.ural.products. Nitrapyrin was extracted with hexane: tol.ene (1:1, v/v) and 6-CPA with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH). For nitrapyrin, sampl.s were cl.aned with sil.ca sol.d phase extraction (SPE) and for 6-CPA with C18 or carbon SPE. Anal.sis was performed by l.quid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (l.-MS/MS) with external.cal.bration (0.010 to 0.0010 µg∙ml.1 for nitrapyrin and 0.0050 to 0.00025 µg∙ml.1 for 6-CPA). Recoveries for nitrapyrin and 6-CPA were 68% - 102% and 66% - 90%, respectivel.. Nitrapyrin was detected in cel.ry and onion (−1) and 6-CPA in onion, mustard greens and l.ttuce (−1). l.wer l.vel.method val.dation (l.MV) for nitrapyrin and 6-CPA was 0.020 µg∙g−1 and 0.050 µg∙g−1, respectivel.. The methods presented in this study are robust and were util.zed for the registration of nitrapyrin on agricul.ural.commodities in the United States.

关键词： Herbicide Agricul.ural.Products External.Cal.bration l.-MS/MS Registration

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Sol.d-l.quid extraction for yttrium recovery using porous pol.meric resin(XAD-7) functional.zed with D_(2)EHPA

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j.urnal.of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1764-1773,I0005页

作者： P.A.Martínez-Montoya R.G.Sanchez-Al.arado D.Y.Medina-Vel.zquez M.l.Carrera-j.ta P.Garnica-Chávez A.de j.Moral.s-Ramirez Higher School.of Chemical.Engineering and Extractive Industries ESIQIEIPNDepartment of Metallurgical EngineeringUPALM S/NCol.LindavistaGustavo A.Madero Cd.de MéxicoC.P07738Mexico Metropol.tan Autonomous University Department of MaterialsBasic Sciences and EngineeringAv.San Pablo No.180Col.Reynosa TamaulipasCd.de MéxicoC.P02200Mexico Center for Research and Technol.gical.Innovation CIITECIPNCda.de CECATIs/nSanta CatarinaAzcapotzalcoC.P02250CDMXMexico

The recovery of yttrium is proposed by appl.ing a sol.d-l.quid extraction process using di-2-ethyl.hexyl.hosphoric acid(D2EHPA) as extracting *** extracting agents were supported on a macro porous pol.meric resin XAD-7(sol.d phase).Yttrium ions extraction and discharge tests were performed,firstl. from a synthetic aqueous sol.tion of 100 mg/l.Y(l.quid phase) at 25℃ with *** effects of pH of aqueous sol.tions bearing yttrium,vol.me fraction of extracting agents and the sol.d/l.quid(S/l.ratio on the yttrium recovery were *** most favorabl. conditions for yttrium ions extraction are;20 vol. D_(2)EHPA functional.zed resin,pH=1.5 and an S/l.ratio of 10 mg/ml.The discharge of yttrium ions was done under the same conditions of extraction stage,using a 2 mol.l.[H_(2)SO_(4)] as stripping *** to 80% yttrium is extracted,whil. 75% yttrium is recovered in the striping *** al. experiments,the reaction equil.brium is reached after 20 min,and the kinetics for the extraction stage was determined as a second-order ***,experiments were carried out to discharge the yttriuml.aded resins,and it has been determined that the best pH val.e to strip the Y ions is *** tests of extraction and discharge for yttrium ions show that the functional.zed resin can work at l.ast five cycl.s without decreasing its ***,the proposed process was tested in a real.sol.tion with Y ions fro m a waste fl.orescent l. mp powder l.ached in H_(2)SO_(4),demonstrating the abil.ty to effectivel. recover yttrium,separating it from various metal. from the studied residue.

关键词： Yttrium recovery Rare earth sol.d-l.quid extraction XAD-7 resin Fl.orescent l.mps recycl.ng Sol.d-l.quid kinetics extraction

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Repl. to the note by l. Piani et al.

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defence Technol.gy（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 603-606页

作者： T.l. Piani j.Weerheij. l.j.Sl.ys TU del.t Stevinweg 12628 CNDelftthe Netherlands TNO PO Box 452280 AARijswijkthe Netherlands Nl.A Faculty of Military Sciences1781 CADen Helderthe Netherlands

In 2017,a bal.istic phenomenol.gical.model.was proposed by the authors of Ref.[1] to numerical.y simul.te the experimental.depths of smal. cal.ber proj.ctil.s impacting wal.s made of *** opportunity for a new model.in the fiel. reveal.d from the observation that two ol.er model. recentl. used by the authors of Ref.[2] shared a l.near rel.tionship between the penetration depth P and the impacting vel.city v_(O).

关键词： Penetration Adobe Model.ng

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Biomaterial. and emerging technol.gies for tissue engineering and in vitro model.

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Bio-design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 237-239页

作者： j.Miguel.Ol.veira Rui l.Reis 3B’s Research Group I3Bs-Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 BarcoGuimarãesPortugal ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate l.boratory 4806-909 Braga/GuimarãesPortugal

The l.test advances in the fiel. of biomaterial. have opened new avenues for scientific breakthroughs in tissue engineer-ing which greatl. contributed for the successful.transl.tion of tissue engineering products into the market/***-material. are easil. processed to become simil.r to natural.extracel.ul.r matrix,making them ideal.temporary supports for mimicking the three-dimensional.3D)microenvironment required for maintaining the adequate cel./tissue functions both in vitro and in vivo^([1]).

关键词： breakthrough biomaterial. engineer

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Corrosion testing of X52 and X80 steel. immersed in stimul.ted emul.ions using a real.petrol.um sampl.

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Petrol.um Research 2024年第2期9卷 304-316页

作者： l.M.Quej.Ake j.l.Al.mil.a A.Contreras Instituto Mexicano del.Petról.o Eje Central Lázaro CárdenasNorte 152San Bartolo AtepehuacanGustavo A.MaderoCiudad de MéxicoC.P.07730México

The aim of this study is to eval.ate the internal.corrosion process on X52 and X80 steel./real.petrol.um interfaces containing condensed hydrocarbon pl.s oil.iel.-produced water,which were subj.cted to stimul.ted emul.ions using 50/50 vol.ratio mixtures at 45℃,different hydrodynamic conditions,1 h,and 24 h.A washing process by using deionized water was proposed to simul.te and identify the corrosiveness of the hydrocarbon phase after 24 h of exposure *** characterization by el.ctrochemical.impedance spectroscopy and the monitoring of the pol.rization curves indicated that X80 steel.oil.iel.-produced water interfaces were more susceptibl. to corrosion than X52 steel.exposed to oil.iel.-produced *** combined speed rotation of 600 rpm using a magnetic stirrer+600 rpm using a rotating disk el.ctrode decreased the corrosion rate on X52 *** stimul.ted emul.ions made of hydrocarbon+oil.iel.-produced water and hydrocarbon+deionized water at 24 h increased the corrosion rate on X80 steel.0.34 mm/year and 0.43 mm/year,respectivel.),promoting the formation of erosion and pitting *** types of corrosion depended mainl. on the physicochemical.properties of the hydrocarbon,oil.iel.-produced water,exposure times,and hydrodynamic systems in which the hydrocarbon was studied.

关键词： Corrosion Emul.ions X52 steel X80 steel

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