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MODELING THE KNOWLEDGE CREATION PROCESS OF GRADUATE RESEARCH

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j.urnal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2018年第6期27卷 790-809页

作者： j. Sun j. Tian V.N. Huynh Y. Nakamori School of Knowledge Science Japan Advanced lnstitute of Science and Technology lshikawa Japan School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China

Graduate students who are beginning academic research want to learn how to create and verify new knowledge in their research. Their supervisors, on the other hand, are seeking appropriate research environments including effective research guidance methods. In order to meet these demands, this paper proposes a knowledge creation model that supports the obj.ctives of both graduate students and their supervisors. This is an academic knowledge creation model for individuals supported by a group and its origin can be traced back to a famous organizational knowledge creation model. Since this type of model is constructed from empirical knowledge, it is not easy to prove its obj.ctive significance. But, this paper tries to show the effectiveness of the proposed model as an initial stage of model validation based on a questionnaire survey of students in a graduate school in China.

关键词： Knowledge creation model graduate students research ability research environment

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海德格尔、人道主义和原初伦理学的观念

同济大学学报（社会科学版） 2018年第1期29卷 1-10页

作者： [美]丹尼尔·j.施密特西悉尼大学人文与传媒艺术学院悉尼1797

文章关注少数几个海德格尔直接谈及伦理问题的文本,从而切入海德格尔的问题,并试图由此通向原初伦理学的可能性。海德格尔在这些文本中开始明确涉及有关伦理的议题。这样的文本出奇地少,大致都出现于二战最后一年和纳粹政权崩溃的最初... 详细信息

文章关注少数几个海德格尔直接谈及伦理问题的文本,从而切入海德格尔的问题,并试图由此通向原初伦理学的可能性。海德格尔在这些文本中开始明确涉及有关伦理的议题。这样的文本出奇地少,大致都出现于二战最后一年和纳粹政权崩溃的最初几年。通过海德格尔的这些文本,我们发现一种呼唤,它将我们唤回伦理生活的古老意义。海德格尔本人拒绝使用"伦理学"这个词,但作者认为:海德格尔的作品是一个伟大的源泉,可用于透彻地思考我们时代伦理生活的困境。

关键词：伦理生活人道主义居留原初伦理学

Impacts of climate warming on hybrid zone movement： Geographically diffuse and biologically porous ＂species borders＂

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Insect Science 2011年第2期18卷 121-159页

作者： j. Mark Scriber Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Flonda Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

The ecology and evolutionary biology of insect-plant associations has real- ized extensive attention, especially during the past 60 years. The classifications （categorical designations） of continuous variation in biodiversity, ranging from global patterns （e.g., lat- itudinal gradients in species richness/diversity and degree of herbivore feeding specialization） to localized insect-plant associations that span the biospectrum from polyphenisms, polymorphisms, biotypes, demes, host races, to cryptic species, remain academically contentious. Semantic and biosystematic （taxonomical） disagreements sometimes detract from more important ecological and evolutionary processes that drive diversification, the dynamics of gene flow and local extinctions. This review addresses several aspects of insect specialization, host-associated divergence and ecological （including ＂hybrid＂） speciation, with special reference to the climate warming impacts on species borders of hybridiz- ing swallowtail butterflies （Papilionidae）. Interspecific hybrid introgression may result in collapse of multi-species communities or increase species numbers via homoploid hybrid speciation. We may see diverging, merging, or emerging genotypes across hybrid zones, all part of the ongoing processes of evolution. Molecular analyses of genetic mosaics and genomic dynamics with ＂divergence hitchhiking＂, combined with ecological, ethological and physiological studies of＂species porosity＂, have already begun to unveil some answers for some important ecological/evolutionary questions. （i） How rapidly can host-associated divergence lead to new species （and why doesn＇t it always do so, e.g., resulting in ＂incom- plete＂ speciation）？（ii） How might ＂speciation genes＂ function, and how/where would we find them？（iii） Can oscillations from specialists to generalists and back to specialists help explain global diversity in herbivorous insects？（iv） How could recombinant interspecific hybridization lead to divergence and speciation？ From ancient phytochemically defin

关键词： cryptic species divergence hitchhiking ecologiealspeciation host associateddivergence mosaic genomes range limits recombinant hybrid species phylogeography,polyspecialists species boundaries

Pattern of non-starch polysaccharide digestion along the gut of the pig:Contribution to available energy

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 160-165页

作者： David j. Cadogan Mingan Choct Feedworks Pty Ltd School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England

We investigated the pattern of non-starch polysaccharide(NSP) digestion along the gut of pigs fed two different wheats, which were offered with or without xylanase supplementation. The two wheats used were pre-characterised before the experiment on the basis of low and normal feed intake of young pigs.Wheat type significantly influenced feed intake and growth rate in the first 7 days, however, by day 14 the only significant effect of wheat type was on growth rate. Xylanase supplementation increased the growth performance of pigs fed the poor quality wheat to a level similar to those fed the normal wheat. It also increased the daily gain of pigs fed the normal wheat. Wheat type had no significant effect on the digestibility of dry matter(DM), energy, free sugars or the different fractions of NSP in the duodenum,ileum or in the faeces. The duodenal gross energy digestibility values for the low and high performance diets were -27.4 and -47.5%, respectively, and xylanase supplementation significantly increased the digestibility of energy back to positive levels. Dry matter digestibility values followed a similar pattern. In the duodenum, xylanase increased(P j.st their amount and solubility, are important for the anti-nutritional properties of NSP in pig diets.

关键词： Wheat Non-starch polysaccharides Xylanase Pigs

Integrating ancient patterns and current dynamics of insect-plant interactions＂ Taxonomic and geographic variation in herbivore specialization

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Insect Science 2010年第6期17卷 471-507页

作者： j. Mark Scriber Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

The search for pattern in the ecology and evolutionary biology of insect-plant associations has fascinated biologists for centuries. High levels of tropical （tow-latitude） plant and insect diversity relative to poleward latitudes and the disproportionate abundance of host-specialized insect herbivores have been noted. This review addresses several aspects of local insect specialization, host use abilities （and loss of these abilities with specialization）, host-associated evolutionary divergence, and ecological （including ＂hybrid＂） speciation, with special reference to the generation of biodiversity and the geographic and taxonomic identification of ＂species borders＂ for swallowtail butterflies （Papilionidae）. From ancient phytochemically defined angiosperm affiliations that trace back millions of years to recent and very local specialized populations, the Papilionidae （swallowtail butterflies） have provided a model for enhanced tmderstanding of localized ecological patterns and genetically based evolutionary processes. They have served as a useful group for evaluating the feeding specialization/physiological efficiency hypothesis. They have shown how the abiotic （thermal） environment interacts with host nutritional suitability to generate ＂voltinisrn/suitability＂ gradients in specialization or preference latitudinally, and geographical mosaics locally. Several studies reviewed here suggest strongly that the oscillation hypothesis for speciation does have considerable merit, but at the same time, some species-level host specializations may lead to evolutionary dead-ends, especially with rapid environmental/habitat changes involving their host plants. Latitudinal gradients in species richness and degree of herbivore feeding specialization have been impacted by recent developments in ecological genetics and evolutionary ecology. Localized insect- plant associations that span the biospectrum from polyphenisms, polymorphisms, biotypes, demes, host races, to cryptic species, remain academically contentious, with simple

关键词： evolutionary dead-ends key innovations latitudinal gradients oscillation hypothesis of speciation polyspecialists preference/performance specialization/physiological efficiency hypothesis voltinism-suitability hypothesis

From Democracy to Bureaucracy： The Baoj.a in Nationalist Thought and Practice, 1927-1949

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Frontiers of History in China 2013年第4期8卷 517-557页

作者： Lane j. Harris History and Asian Studies Departments Furman University Greenville SC 29613 USA

In the 1939 New County Reforms, the Nationalist government made the baoj.a system the lowest level of self-government in the country. This decision was the result of more than ten years of discussion among Nationalist administrators and writers who were searching for a tutelary system to train the people in their political rights in preparation for constitutional rule. In the 1920s and 1930s, Nationalist writers claimed to be following Sun Zhongshan＇s （Sun Yat-sen） philosophy by reinventing the baoj.a as a form of democracy. Harkening back to a reimagined national past, they ＂discovered＂ that the imperial baoj.a was not a system of local control, but a traditional model of bureaucratically-designed local self-government. Nationalist writers dovetailed this new baoj.a with Sun Zhongshan＇s philosophy in order to rationalize its position as the foundation of the Three Principles of the People State. Once philosophically legitimized, Nationalist writers endorsed the baoj.a as a top-down bureaucratic system that would transform the political, social, and economic life of the country; it would become the core political unit of their state-making and nation-building proj.cts. In so doing, the baoj.a came to represent the Nationalists＇ deeply-held belief in the power of human agency to create state institutions capable of entirely remaking society and transforming the nation.

关键词： baoj.a self-government bureaucracy state-making nation-building,Nationalist Party Sun Zhongshan

Records of a Minor Historian： Lu Xun on Zhang Taiyan

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2013年第3期7卷 367-395页

作者： Eileen j. Cheng Department of Asian Languages and Literatures Pomona College Claremont CA 91711USA

Lu Xun, nearing his death, wrote two essays commemorating Zhang Taiyan. Both are rather unconventional eulogies, which engage the style, themes, and conventions of traditional biographies. Keenly aware of the depictions of his teacher as a conservative Confucian scholar and a political reactionary, Lu Xun provides a counter image. By associating his teacher with prominent revolutionaries and framing his idiosyncratic behaviors and political choices in later life as the product of failed ambition, Lu Xun harks back to the figure of the ＂mad genius＂ lauded as exemplars in the classical literary tradition, an image that resonates as well with the gallery of ＂modem＂ misanthropes and madmen in his short stories. Cast within a lineage of awakened eccentrics often deemed insane in their own times, Zhang emerges in Lu Xun＇s essays as a revolutionary par excellence： an outspoken rebel who, after the founding of the Republic, remained a fearless critic of the establishment; an uncompromising radical at heart, who remained committed to the ideals of a true social transformation long since forgotten by those around him. In making the ＂worthiness＂ and relevance of Zhang Taiyan as a historical figure legible to modem readers through his engagement with traditional biographical conventions, Lu Xun also affirms the value of a traditional literati culture which continued to structure his worldview as a modem intellectual and writer. For his portrait of the ＂master of classical studies＂ as a radical revolutionary, however partial, was an attempt to ensure that Zhang＇s name would remain relevant to posterity, leaving open the possibility that his teacher＇s ＂precious records＂ might also be transmitted and still find knowing readers in later ages.

关键词： Lu Xtm Zhang Taiyan teacher-disciple relations revolutionary,eccentrics madness biography

Positron emission particle tracking——Application and labelling techniques

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Particuology 2008年第1期6卷 16-23页

作者： David j. Parker School of Physics and Astronomy the University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK

The positron emission particle tracking （PEPT） technique has been widely used in science and engineering to obtain detailed information on the motion and flow fields of fluids or granular materials in multiphase systems, for example, fluids in rock cracks, chemical reactors and food processors; dynamic behaviour of granular materials in chemical reactors, granulators, mixers, dryers, rotating kilns and ball mills. The information obtained by the PEPT technique can be used to optimise the design, operational conditions for a wide range of industrial process systems, and to evaluate modelling work. The technique is based on tracking radioactively labelled particles （up to three particles） by detecting the pairs of backto-back 511 keV γ-rays arising from annihilation of emitted positrons. It therefore involves a positron camera, location algorithms for calculating the tracer location and speed, and tracer labelling techniques. This paper will review the particle tracking technique from tracking algorithm, tracer labelling to their application.

关键词： PEPT Tracer Algorithm Tracking

Predicting the yield of pomegranate oil from supercritical extraction using artificial neural networks and an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 357-365页

作者： j. Sargolzaei A. Hedayati Moghaddam Department of chemical engineering Ferdowsi university of Mashhad Mashhad *** Iran

Various simulation tools were used to develop an effective intelligent system to predict the effects of temperature and pressure on an oil extraction yield. Pomegranate oil was extracted using a supercritical CO2 （SC-CO2） process. Several simulation systems including a back-propagation neural network （BPNN）, a radial basis function neural network （RBFNN） and an adaptive- network-based fuzzy inference system （ANFIS） were tested and their results were compared to determine the best predictive model. The performance of these networks was evaluated using the coefficient of determination （R^2） and the mean square error （MSE）. The best correlation between the predicted and the experimental data was achieved using the BPNN method with an R^2 of 0.9948.

关键词： oil recovery artificial intelligence extraction neural networks supercritical extraction