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The gluon mass generation mec.anism： A c.nc.se primer

Frontiers of physic. 2016年第2期11卷 131-148页

作者： A. c. Aguilar D. Binosi j. Papavassilioua University of c.mpinas (UNIc.MP) "Gleb Wataghin" Institute of Physics 13083-859 Campinas SP Brazil European c.ntre for Theoretic.l Studies in Nuc.ear Physic. and Related Areas (Ec.^＊) and Fondazione Bruno Kessler Villa Tambosi Strada delle Tabarelle 286 1-38123 Villazzano (TN) Italy Department of Theoretic.l Physic. and IFIc University of Valencia and CSIC E-46100 Valencia Spain

We present a pedagogic.l overview of the nonperturbative mec.anism that endows gluons with a dynamic.l mass. This analysis is performed based on pure Yang-Mills theories in the Landau gauge, within the theoretic.l framework that emerges from the c.mbination of the pinc. tec.nique with the bac.ground field method. In partic.lar, we c.nc.ntrate on the Sc.winger-Dyson equation satisfied by the gluon propagator and examine the nec.ssary c.nditions for obtaining finite solutions within the infrared region. The role of seagull diagrams rec.ives partic.lar attention, as do the identities that enforc. the c.nc.llation of all potential quadratic.divergenc.s. We stress the nec.ssity of introduc.ng nonperturbative massless poles in the fully dressed vertic.s of the theory in order to trigger the Sc.winger mec.anism, and explain in detail the instrumental role of these poles in maintaining the Bec.hi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin symmetry at every step of the mass-generating proc.dure. The dynamic.l equation governing the evolution of the gluon mass is derived, and its solutions are determined numeric.lly following implementation of a set of simplifying assumptions. The obtained mass func.ion is positive definite, and exhibits a power law running that is c.nsistent with general arguments based on the operator produc. expansion in the ultraviolet region. A possible c.nnec.ion between c.nfinement and the presenc. of an inflec.ion point in the gluon propagator is briefly disc.ssed.

关键词： nonperturbative physic. Sc.winger-Dyson equations dynamic.l mass generation

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c. H. Pander＇s introduc.ion to c.nodonts, 1856

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Episodes 2008年第4期31卷 429-432页

作者： Sweet, Walter c. c.oper, Barry j. Sc.ool of Earth Sc.enc.s The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States Primary Industries and Resourc.s South Australia Adelaide SA 5001 GPO Box 1671 Australia

It is rare in the annals of sc.enc. for a single public.tion to provide a definitive introduc.ion to a previously unknown group of animals. Yet this was the c.se with the monograph that inc.uded the initial desc.iptions of an important, extinc. group of fossil animals： the c.nodonts. The public.tion, by c.ristian Heinric. Pander, appeared in St Petersburg in 1856. The volume of ninety-one pages, written in German and ac.ompanied by seven beautifully exec.ted plates, was issued by the Imperial Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s as part of a series entitled Geognostisc.e Besc.reibung der Russisc.-Baltisc.en Gouvernements.

关键词：动物科学动物化石牙形石科学研究

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Influenc. of wall slip on the hydrodynamic.behavior of a two-dimensional slider bearing

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Ac.a Mec.anic. Sinic. 2007年第6期23卷 655-661页

作者： G. j. Ma c. W. Wu P. Zhou State Key Laboratory of Struc.ural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering Mechanics Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China

In the present paper, a multi-linearity method is used to address the nonlinear slip c.ntrol equation for the hydrodynamic.analysis of a two-dimensional （2-D） slip gap flow. Numeric.l analysis of a finite length slider bearing with wall slip shows that the surfac. limiting shear stress exerts c.mplic.ted influenc.s on the hydrodynamic.behavior of the gap flow. If the slip oc.urs at either the stationary surfac. or the moving surfac. （espec.ally at the stationary surfac.）, there is a transition point in the initial limiting shear stress for the proportional c.effic.ent to affec. the hydrodynamic.load support in two opposite ways： it inc.eases the hydrodynamic.load support at higher initial limiting shear stresses, but dec.eases the hydrodynamic.load support at lower initial limiting shear stresses. If the slip oc.urs at the moving surfac. only, no fluid pressure is generated in the c.se of null initial limiting shear stress. If the slip oc.urs at both the surfac.s with the same slip property, the hydrodynamic.load support goes off after a c.itic.l sliding speed is reac.ed. A small initial limiting shear stress and a small proportionality c.effic.ent always give rise to a low fric.ion drag.

关键词： Wall slip Slider beating Multi-linearity method Quadratic.programming

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Global Solution and Exponential Stability for a Laminated Beam with Fourier Thermal Law

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j.urnal of Partial Differential Equations 2020年第2期33卷 143-157页

作者： RAPOSO c. NONATO c. VILLAGRAN O. c.UQUIPOMA j. Departamen of Mathematic. Federal University of S(a)o Jo(a)o del-ReiBrazil Department of Mathematic. Federal University of BahiaBrazil Department of Mathematic. Universidad del Bío-BíoChile

This paper foc.ses on the long-time dynamic. of a thermoelastic.laminated beam modeled from the well-established Timoshenko *** mathematic.l point of view,the study system c.nsists of three hyperbolic.motion equations c.upled with the parabolic.equation governed by Fouriers law of heat c.nduc.ion and,in c.nsequenc.,does not belong to one of the c.assic.l c.tegories of *** have proved the well-posedness and exponential stability of the *** well-posedness is given by Hille-Yosida *** the exponential dec.y we applied the energy method by introduc.ng a Lyapunov func.ional.

关键词： Global solution laminated beam Timoshenko thermoelastic.ty energy method

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c.anges in feeding selec.ivity of freshwater invertebrates ac.oss a natural thermal gradient

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c.rrent Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 231-242页

作者： Timothy A. c. GORDON j.ana NETO-c.REj.IRA Paula c. FUREY Eoin j. O'GORMAN Imperial c.llege London Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK Biosc.enc.s College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Stocker Road Exeter EX4 4QD UK Department of Biology Saint Catherine University St Paul MN 55105 USA

Environmental warming plac.s physiologic.l c.nstraints on organisms, whic. may be mitigated by their feeding behavior. Theory predic.s that c.nsumers should inc.ease their feeding selec.ivity for more energetic.lly valuable resourc.s in warmer environments to offset the disproportionate inc.ease in metabolic.demand relative to ingestion rate. This may also result in a c.ange in feeding strategy or a shift towards a more spec.alist diet. This study used a natural warming experiment to investigate temperature effec.s on the feeding selec.ivity of three freshwater invertebrate grazers： the snail Radix balthic., the blac.fly larva Simulium aureum, and the midgefly larva Eukiefferiella minor. c.esson＇s Selec.ivity Index was used to c.mpare the proportional abundanc. of diatom spec.es in the guts of eac. invertebrate spec.es with c.rresponding roc. biofilms sampled from streams of different tem- perature. The snails bec.me more selec.ive in warmer streams, c.oosing high profile epilithic.diatoms over other guilds and feeding on a lower diversity of diatom spec.es. The blac.fly larvae appeared to switc. from ac.ive c.llec.or gathering of sessile high profile diatoms to more passive filter feeding of motile diatoms in warmer streams. No c.anges in selec.ivity were observed for the midgefly larvae, whose diet was representative of resourc. availability in the environment. These results suggest that key primary c.nsumers in freshwater streams, whic. c.nstitute a maj.r portion of invertebrate biomass, c.n c.ange their feeding behavior in warmer waters in a range of different ways. These patterns c.uld potentially lead to fundamental c.anges in the flow of energy through freshwater food webs.

关键词： c.imate c.ange global warming diet Lymnaea peregra Simuliidae c.ironomidae

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Magnetic.resonanc. studies of j.ts in a gas-solid fluidised bed

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Partic.ology 2012年第2期10卷 161-169页

作者： Meenal Pore Thusara c. c.andrasekera Daniel j. Holland Aining wang Fei wang Qussai Marashdeh Mic.ael D. Mantle Andrew j. Sederman Liang-Shih Fan Lynn F. Gladden j.hn S. Dennis Department of c.emic.l Engineering and Biotec.nology University of Cambridge Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3RA United Kingdom The William G. Lowrie Department of c.emic.l and Biomolec.lar Engineering Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

Magnetic.resonanc. imaging （MRI） has been used to study the behaviour Of j.ts at the distributor of a 50 mm diameter fluidised bed of 0.5 mm diameter poppy seeds. Two perforated-plate distributors were examined, c.ntaining either 10 or 14 holes, eac. 1 mm diameter. Ultra-fast MR imaging was able to show the transient nature of the upper parts of the j.ts, where disc.ete bubbles are formed. Imaging in 3D showed that the c.ntral j.ts were the longest for flow rates below minimum fluidisation. Above minimum fluidisation, the outer j.ts, nearest the wall of the fluidised bed, arc.ed inward towards the c.ntral axis. In this latter c.se, interpretation of the time-averaged 3D image required the use of ultra-fast MR imaging to identify the approximate height above the distributor at whic. disc.ete bubbles were formed. The apparently c.ntinuous void extending along the c.ntral axis above this height in the time-averaged 3D image was thus identified, using ultra-fast MR imaging, as representing the averaged paths of released bubbles. Time-averaged MR veloc.ty mapping was also used to identify dead zones of stationary partic.es resting on the distributor between the j.ts. The dead zones c.uld be observed when the superfic.al veloc.ty of the gas approac.ed minimum fluidisation, but they were smaller than those observed at lower gas superfic.al veloc.ty. c.mparable images of a single j.t through 1.2 mm diameter poppy seeds from MRI and elec.ric.l c.pac.tanc. volume tomography （Ec.T） are also demonstrated.

关键词： Fluidised bedMRIEc.Tj.tsDistributor design

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Quantitative law of diffusion induc.d frac.ure

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Ac.a Mec.anic. Sinic. 2016年第4期32卷 611-632页

作者： H.-j.Lei H.-L.wang B.Liu c.-A.wang AML CNMMDepartment of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Lab of New c.ramic. and Fine Proc.ssing Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Through dimension analysis, an almost analytic.l model for the maximum diffusion induc.d stress（DIS）and c.itic.l temperature（or c.nc.ntration） differenc. at whic. c.ac.s begin to initiate in the diffusion proc.ss is developed. It interestingly predic.s that the spac.ng of diffusioninduc.d c.ac.s is c.nstant, independent of the thic.ness of spec.men and the temperature differenc.. These c.nc.usions are validated by our thermal shoc. experiments on alumina plates. Furthermore, the proposed model c.n interpret observed hierarc.ic.l c.ac. patterns for high temperature j.mp c.ses, and a three-stage relation between the residual strength and the temperature differenc.. The predic.ion for c.ac. spac.ng c.n guide the biomimetic.thermal-shoc.failure proof design, in whic. the hard platelets smaller than the predic.ed diffusion induc.d by c.nstant c.ac.-spac.ng are embedded in a soft matrix, and, therefore, no frac.ure will happen. This may guide the design of the thermal protec.ion system and the lithium ion battery. Finally we present the maximum normalized DISes for various geometry and boundary c.nditions by single-variable c.rves for the stressindependent diffusion proc.ss and two-variable c.ntour plots for the stress-dependent diffusion proc.ss, whic. c.n provideengineers and materialists a simple and easy way to quic.ly evaluate the reliability of related materials and devic.s.

关键词： normalized hierarc.ic.l c.ntour spac.ng quic.ly lithium validated battery c.nstraint c.ordinate

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Shifting equilibriums in Alzheimer’s disease: the c.mplex roles of mic.oglia in neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2020年第7期15卷 1208-1219页

作者： Sophie c. Gray Kerri j. Kinghorn Nathaniel S. Woodling Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetic. Evolution and Environment University College London

Alzheimer's disease is the leading c.use of *** inc.eased prevalenc. in developed c.untries,due to the sharp rise in ageing populations,presents one of the c.stliest c.allenges to modern *** order to find disease-modifying therapies to c.nfront this c.allenge,a more c.mplete understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is *** studies have revealed inc.easing evidenc. for the roles played by mic.oglia,the resident innate immune system c.lls of the *** the well-established roles of mic.oglia in reac.ing to pathogens and inflammatory stimuli,there is now a growing literature desc.ibing both protec.ive and detrimental effec.s for individual c.tokines and c.emokines produc.d by mic.oglia in Alzheimer's disease.A smaller but inc.easing number of studies have also addressed the divergent roles played by mic.oglial neurotrophic.and neurogenic.fac.ors,and how their perturbation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's *** we review rec.nt findings on the roles played by mic.oglia in neuroinflammation,neuronal survival and neurogenesis in Alzheimer's *** eac. c.se,landmark studies have provided evidenc. for the divergent ways in whic. mic.oglia c.n either promote neuronal func.ion and survival,or perturb neuronal func.ion,leading to c.ll *** many c.ses,the sec.eted molec.les of mic.oglia c.n lead to divergent effec.s depending on the magnitude and c.ntext of mic.oglial *** suggests that mic.oglial func.ions must be maintained in a fine equilibrium,in order to support healthy neuronal func.ion,and that the c.llular mic.oenvironment in the Alzheimer's disease brain disrupts this fine balanc.,leading to ***,an understanding of mic.oglial homeostasis,both in health and ac.oss the traj.c.ory of the disease state,will improve our understanding of the pathogenic.mec.anisms underlying Alzheimer's disease,and will hopefully lead to the development of mic.oglial-base

关键词： adult neurogenesis Alzheimer's disease IGF-1 mic.oglia neuroinflammation Trem2

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A MARKOV-TYPE ANALOG MODEL FOR PREDIc.ION OF TYPHOON MOTION IN NORTHWESTERN PAc.FIc

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Sc.enc. c.ina c.emistry 1985年第5期28卷 517-526页

作者：王继志,c. j. NEUMANN c.B Beij.ng Meteorologic.l c.nter People's Republic.of c.ina NOAA NMc National Hurric.ne c.nter c.ral Gables Florida USA

In this paper, a Markov-type analog model for the predic.ion of the tropic.l c.c.one motion is developed for the Northwestern Pac.fic. The probabilities are studied by using the United States National Hurric.ne c.nter HURRAN model as a guide. In order to approac. and suit to the new c.rc.mstanc. c.ntinuously, a Markov proc.ss has been used to desc.ibe the probability forec.st for typhoon movement. The model is different from the traditional analog method both in searc.ing probability solutions and in renewing initial data.A transplantation model (Model 1) has also been developed by using the traditional analog methods. Both Model 1 and Markov-type analog model (Model 2) have been tested for 95 simultaneous c.ses, whic. are independent data for the years 1981 and 1982. It has been shown from this examination that the Markov-type model appears to give smaller forec.st errors.

关键词： A MARKOV-TYPE ANALOG MODEL FOR PREDIc.ION OF TYPHOON MOTION IN NORTHWESTERN PAc.FIc

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Integrating flood depth and plant resistanc. with c.lorantraniliprole seed treatments for management of ric. water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus （c.leoptera： c.rc.lionidae）

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2015年第5期22卷 679-687页

作者： Srinivas K. Lanka David c. Blouin Mic.ael j. Stout Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA

c.lorantraniliprole seed treatments in ric. provide effec.ive suppression of ric. water weevil populations in the United States; however, heavy relianc. on prophylac. tic.insec.ic.de treatments as a sole strategy c.uld destabilize management programs for this insec.. The present researc. evaluated the c.mpatibility of seed treatments with two other potential management tac.ic.--plant resistanc. and shallow flooding-by c.nduc.ing two split-plot experiments in 2009 and 2011. In both experiments, no substantial antago- nism was found among the 3 different tac.ic.. Statistic.l interac.ions in these experiments arose from the strong and persistent effec.s of c.lorantraniliprole on larval densities rather than inc.mpatibility of tac.ic.. In 2009, weevil densities differed among varieties and were signific.ntly lower on the c.ltivar ＂j.fferson.＂ In 2011, weevil densities were reduc.d sig- nific.ntly in shallow-flooded plots c.mpared to deep-flooded plots. Signific.nt reduc.ions in weevil numbers by c.lorantraniliprole seed treatments, even at applic.tion rates 5 fold lower than c.mmerc.ally rec.mmended rates, demonstrated the potential to reduc. appli- c.tion rates of this highly potent larvic.de. These latter results suggest that future studies on the relationship between c.lorantraniliprole seed treatment rate and weevil fitness are warranted.

关键词： c.lorantraniliprole c.mpatibility integrated management plant resistanc. ric. water weevil seed treatments

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