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Oxidative stress and mitochondrial transfer:A new dimension towards ocular diseases

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第3期9卷 610-637页

作者： Mohana Devi Subramaniam Mahalaxmi iyer Aswathy P.Nair Dhivya Venkatesan Sinnakaruppan Mathavan Nimmisha Eruppakotte Soumya Kizhakkillach Manoj kumar Chandran Ayan Roy Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan Balachandar Vellingiri SN ONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology Vision Research FoundationChennai 600006Tamil NaduIndia Department of Zoology Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for WomenCoimbatore 641043Tamil NaduIndia Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory Department of Human Genetics and Molecular BiologyBharathiar UniversityCoimbatore 641046Tamil NaduIndia Department of Biotechnology Lovely Professional UniversityPunjab 144411India Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Bio Sciences and Technology(SBST)Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)Vellore 600127India

Ocular cells like,retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)is a highly specialized pigmented monolayer of post-mitotic cells,which is located in the posterior segment of the eye between neuro sensory retina and vascular *** functions as a selective barrier and nourishes retinal visual *** a result of high-level oxygen consumption of retinal cells,RPE cells are vulnerable to chronic oxidative stress and an increased level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated from *** oxidative stress and ROS generation in retinal cells lead to RPE *** sources including mtDNA damage could be an important factor of oxidative stress in *** therapy and mitochondrial transfer studies are emerging fields in ocular disease *** retinal degenerative diseases stem cell-based transplantation methods are developed from basic research to preclinical and clinical *** research contributions of gene and cell therapy would be a new strategy to prevent,treat and cure various ocular *** review focuses on the effect of oxidative stress in ocular cell degeneration and recent translational researches on retinal degenerative diseases to cure blindness.

关键词： Mitochondrial transfer Oxidative stress Retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) RPE Degeneration Stem cell treatment

Online Case Based Self-Study Modules as an Adjunct Learning Tool in Otorhinolaryngology: A Pilot Study

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2015年第5期4卷 344-349页

作者： Vijayalakshmi Subramaniam Rashmi Jain Sivan Yegnanarayana iyer Saraswathy Varun Mishra Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yenepoya Medical College Yenepoya University Mangalore India Department of Ophthalmology Yenepoya Medical College Yenepoya University Mangalore India Department of Community Medicine PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Coimbatore India Information Technology Consultant Bangalore India

Background/Need for innovation: Undergraduate students in Otolaryngology are on the lookout for easy modes of learning which can help them understand concepts better as well as score more in examinations. A need was hence felt to introduce a new learning resource to supplement traditional teaching-learning methods. Methods: Digital, case based self–study modules were prepared using all open source technology and validated by experts in the specialty. The modules were uploaded on a website specifically created for the purpose. They were pilot tested on twenty consenting third year undergraduate (MBBS) students using a crossover design. Post test comprising of multiple choice questions was administered to the students after a period of two weeks. Feedback was obtained from faculty and students. Results: Test scores were found to be significantly higher amongst students who used the learning modules as a supplement to regular bedside teaching (p aminations and would help revision. Conclusions: Online, case based, self-study modules helped students to perform better when used as a supplement to traditional teaching methods. Students agreed that it enabled easy understanding of subject and helped them gain confidence.

关键词： Self-Study Modules Teaching-Learning Methods Web-Based Instruction Online Learning

Simulation of Air-Water Interface Effects for High-speed Planing Hull

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2020年第3期19卷 398-414页

作者： Naga Venkata Rakesh Nimmagadda Lokeswara Rao Polisetty Anantha Subramanian Vaidyanatha iyer Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India

High-speed planing crafts have successfully evolved through developments in the last several *** approaches such as inviscid potential flow–based methods and the empirically based Savitsky method provide general understanding for practical ***,sometimes such analyses suffer inaccuracies since the air–water interface effects,especially in the transition phase,are not fully accounted ***,understanding the behaviour at the transition speed is of fundamental importance for the *** fluid forces in planing hulls are dominated by phenomena such as flow separation at various discontinuities viz.,knuckles,chines and transom,with resultant spray *** such cases,the application of potential theory at high speeds introduces *** paper investigates the simulation of modelling of the pre-planing behaviour with a view to capturing the air–water interface effects,with validations through experiments to compare the drag,dynamic trim and wetted surface *** paper also brings out the merits of gridding strategies to obtain reliable results especially with regard to spray generation due to the air–water interface *** verification and validation studies serve to authenticate the use of the multi-gridding strategies on the basis of comparisons with simulations using model *** emerges from the study that overset/chimera grids give better results compared with single unstructured hexahedral *** overset methods are investigated to obtain reliable estimation of the dynamic trim and drag,and their ability to capture the spray resulting from the air–water *** results demonstrate very close simulation of the actual flow kinematics at steady-speed conditions in terms of spray at the air–water interface,drag at the pre-planing and full planing range and dynamic trim angles.

关键词： Planing Pre-planing Air–water interface Overset grid Spray CFD

N-doped mesoporous alumina for adsorption of carbon dioxide

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第11期24卷 1979-1984页

作者： Jayshri A.Thote Ravikrishna V.Chatti Kartik S.iyer Vivek Kumar Arti N.Valechha Nitin K.Labhsetwar Rajesh B.Biniwale M.K.N.Yenkie Sadhana S.Rayalu Environmental Materials Division National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI-CSIR)Nagpur 440020India. Lakshminarayan Institute of Technology Nagpur 440001India

N-doped mesoporous alumina has been synthesized using chitosan as the biopolymer template. The adsorbent has been thoroughly investigated for the adsorption of CO2 from a simulated flue gas stream （15% CO2 balanced with N2） and compared with commercially available mesoporous alumina procured from SASOL, Germany. CO2 adsorption was studied under different conditions of pre- treatment and adsorption temperature, inlet CO2 concentration and in the presence of oxygen and moisture. The adsorption capacity was determined to be 29.4 nag CO2/g of adsorbent at 55℃. This value was observed to be 4 times higher in comparison to that of commercial mesoporous alumina at a temperature of 55℃. Basicity of alumina surface coupled with the presence of nitrogen in template in synthesized sample is responsible for this enhanced CO2 adsorption. Adsorption capacity for CO2 was retained in the presence of oxygen; however moisture had a deteriorating effect on the adsorption capacity reducing it to nearly half the value.

关键词： mesoporous alumina chitosan carbon dioxide adsorption flue gas

Occurrence and Emplacement of Chromite Ores in Sindhudurg District,Maharashtra,India

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第3期84卷 515-527页

作者： Sridhar D.iyer Elapavalooru V.S.S.K.BABU Premchand G.MISLANKAR Anup R.GUJAR Navso V.amBRE Victor J.LOVESON National Institute of Oceanography Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchDona PaulaGoa 403004India National Geophysical Research Institute Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchHyderabad 500007India Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchDhanbad 828108India

In the present study,we present the occurrence and emplacement of chromite ore deposits from two abandoned mines（Kankavali[Janoli]and Wagda） in the Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra,*** ores,that occurred as lenses and are associated with metamorphic and ultrabasic rocks,consist of octahedral grains of chromite,while clinochlore is present between the interstices of these *** Kankavali（Janoli） and Wagda ores revealed a dominance of Cr_2O_3 followed by FeO and variable proportions of A1_2O_3,MgO,and SiO_*** former deposits have a slightly higher Cr_2O_3（average 52 wt%） and FeO（～18 wt%） than those from Wagda（Cr_2O_3～50 wt%,FeO～25 wt%）.The similar Cr~# values（0.73 for Kankavali[Janoli],0.74 for Wagda） correspond to those reported for typical podiform-type chromite *** suggest that the ores were emplaced as phacoliths in folded outcrops with a steep easterly dip and a northwest-southeast *** postulate the continuation of the fold structure from Janoli to Wagda（～4.5 km apart） and the probable （sporadic） occurrence of chromite along this *** possibility of the contribution of chromite grains from these areas to the coastal placer deposits cannot be ruled out.

关键词： chromite podiform formation placer Sindhudurg India

Soil Quality Mapping Studies Using Nematodes as Bioindicators

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2013年第7期3卷 323-335页

作者： Lakshmy Kamala Sthanu Jaya Divakaran Sarasamma Radhakrishnan Thanu iyer Mohandas Chellappan Centre for Environment and Development Thozhuvancode Vattiyoorkavu P.O. Thiruvananthapuram India Department of Envi- ronmental Sciences University of Kerala Kariavattom Campus Thiruvananthapuram India Division of Crop Protection Central Tuber Crops Research Institute Sreekaryam Thiruvananthapuram India Division of Geo Informatics Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Kerala Techno Park Campus Thiruvananthapuram India

Soil quality is one of the most important factors in sustaining the global biosphere and developing sustainable agricultural practices. Land use and management practices greatly impact the direction and degree of soil quality changes in time and space. Understanding the effects of land use and management practices on soil quality and its indicators has been identified as one of the most important goals for modern soil science. Soil quality mapping study represents a method for assessing and mapping soil quality changes in time and space in small units. For the present study, changes in the physical, chemical parameters and nematode density of the soils in the rural and urban areas of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, were determined. The soil samples were collected from seven different categories of contaminated soils namely coastal area, sewage disposal area, industrial area, road-side area, agricultural area, market area and gasoline station area, and also from two control stations in rural and urban areas. The soil physico-chemical parameters and nematode density were determined. Geostatistics combined with GIS was applied to analyze the spatial variability of soil physico-chemical characteristics and nematode density. This soil quality mapping study provides a basis for identifying tension zones and serves as a triggering mechanism for implementation of soil contamination mitigating strategies.

关键词： Soil Quality Mapping Studies Nematode Density Spatial Variability Contaminated Soils

Modelling Propagation of Stress Waves through Soil Medium for Ground Response Analysis

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第7期5卷 611-621页

作者： Palaniyandi Kamatchi Gunturi Venkata Ramana Ashok Kumar Nagpal Nagesh R. iyer CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre Chennai India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India

buildings located at rock sites. Modelling wave propagation through soil medium helps to derive the primary and secondary wave velocities. Most of the time soil mediums are heterogeneous, layered and undergoes nonlinear strains even under weak excitation. The equivalent linear approximation with one dimensional wave propagation is widely adopted for modeling earthquake excitation for layered soil. In this paper, importance of local soil effects, the process of wave propagation through three dimensional elastic medium, layered medium situated on rigid rock, attenuation of stress waves due to material damping, equivalent linear approximation, the concept of one dimensional wave propagation, and a case study of one dimensional wave propagation as a part of site-specific ground response analyses for Delhi region are included. The case study brings out the importance of carrying out site-specific ground response analyses of buildings considering the scenario earthquakes and actual soil conditions for Delhi region.

关键词： Propagation of Stress Waves Ground Response Analysis Site-Specific Analysis Delhi

Gut microbiome:the third musketeer in the cancer-immune system cross-talk

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Journal of Pancreatology 2020年第4期3卷 181-187页

作者： Prateek Sharma Tejeshwar Jain Vrishketan Sethi Srikanth iyer Vikas Dudeja DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery Jackson Memorial HospitalUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

The fascinating hypothesis that microbes lead to cancer has long been dwelled upon but has only been recently investigated in cancers other than those of stomach and *** can affect cancer cells directly through toxins or *** also play a significant role in the development and maturation of the immune system and can indirectly affect cancer cells through the immune *** mouse models and affordable sequencing technologies,have made it possible in current times,to delineate the role of microbes in undermining cancer immune surveillance and indirectly promoting *** this review,we explore the cancer-gut microbiome-immune trialogue,focusing on pancreatic *** review how gut-microbiome interacts with immune system to promote oncogenesis and how modulation of gut-microbiome can be used as an effective therapeutic strategy to reprogram the immune system for augmenting anti-tumor response and enhance immunotherapy efficacy in traditionally resistant pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Gut microbiome Immunotherapy Pancreatic cancer

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地震层析成象

地球物理学进展 1991年第3期6卷 103-111页

作者： H.M.iyer 吴华刘建华

地震层析成象(Seismic tomography)是用地震波描述地球内部复杂的、不均匀的速度和/或衰减结构之图象的技术,它可以使用天然震源(地震)和人工震源(爆破和振动)的地震波。“Tomography”一词为医学家所创,来源于“tomograph”(即“切片图... 详细信息

地震层析成象(Seismic tomography)是用地震波描述地球内部复杂的、不均匀的速度和/或衰减结构之图象的技术,它可以使用天然震源(地震)和人工震源(爆破和振动)的地震波。“Tomography”一词为医学家所创,来源于“tomograph”(即“切片图”)——一种受检病人身体某部分的高分辨率二维X射线图象。若干相邻切片图叠加在一起即可得到病体的三维图象,以辨认肿瘤或其它病变。地震层析成象与医学的层析成象有很强的相似性,二者都有来自多源的大量交叉射线从不同方向穿透物体,并被一组接收器所接收。就目前的技术发展水平,地震层析成象是用波速的变化来产生物体的图象,而医学层析成象(或称之为计算机辅助层面成象,或CT扫描)则是由X射线衰减的变化得到的。

关键词：地震层析成象地震波衰减人工震源面波射线路径初始模型走时残差体波线衰减速度模型